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? Introduction to Data Science

Data Science is an interdisciplinary field focused on extracting insights from data using scientific methods and algorithms. Key components include statistics, mathematics, programming languages, data manipulation, machine learning, and data visualization. Applications span various industries such as healthcare, finance, and marketing, with numerous resources available for learning.

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5 views3 pages

? Introduction to Data Science

Data Science is an interdisciplinary field focused on extracting insights from data using scientific methods and algorithms. Key components include statistics, mathematics, programming languages, data manipulation, machine learning, and data visualization. Applications span various industries such as healthcare, finance, and marketing, with numerous resources available for learning.

Uploaded by

fowzizinnov
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📘 Introduction to Data Science

Definition:
Data Science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods,
algorithms, processes, and systems to extract insights and knowledge
from structured and unstructured data.

🧠 Key Components of Data Science

1. Statistics & Probability

 Descriptive Statistics: Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation

 Inferential Statistics: Hypothesis Testing, Confidence Intervals

 Probability Distributions: Normal, Binomial, Poisson

2. Mathematics

 Linear Algebra: Vectors, Matrices

 Calculus: Derivatives for optimization

 Graph Theory (for networks and NLP)

3. Programming Languages

 Python: Most popular, with libraries like Pandas, NumPy, Scikit-


learn, Matplotlib, Seaborn

 R: For statistical analysis

 SQL: For data extraction and manipulation

4. Data Manipulation & Analysis

 Data Cleaning

 Feature Engineering

 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

5. Machine Learning

 Supervised Learning: Regression, Classification

 Unsupervised Learning: Clustering, Dimensionality Reduction

 Reinforcement Learning: Agents learning via feedback

6. Data Visualization

 Tools: Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, Power BI, Tableau


 Charts: Bar charts, Pie charts, Box plots, Histograms, Heatmaps

📊 Common Tools & Platforms

Tool Purpose

Interactive coding
Jupyter
notebooks

Git & Version control &


GitHub collaboration

Google Free cloud-based


Colab notebooks

Tableau Data visualization

Power BI Microsoft’s BI tool

Apache
Big data processing
Spark

🌐 Data Science Workflow

1. Problem Understanding

2. Data Collection

3. Data Cleaning

4. Data Exploration (EDA)

5. Model Building

6. Model Evaluation

7. Deployment

8. Monitoring & Maintenance

📁 Applications of Data Science

 Healthcare: Predictive diagnostics, drug discovery

 Finance: Fraud detection, algorithmic trading

 E-commerce: Recommendation systems

 Marketing: Customer segmentation, churn prediction


 Transport: Route optimization, demand forecasting

📚 Learning Resources

 Courses: Coursera (IBM, Google), edX, Udemy, DataCamp

 Books:

o “Python for Data Analysis” – Wes McKinney

o “Hands-On Machine Learning” – Aurélien Géron

 Communities: Kaggle, Stack Overflow, Reddit (r/datascience)

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