INTRODUCTION TO
PROGRAMMING
Programming Fundamentals (CS-106) FUNDAMENTALS
Course Instructors 2
Course Instructor
Engr. Prof. Dr. Adeel Akram
adeel.akram@uettaxila.edu.pk
Lab Instructor:
Mr. Shams ur Rehman
shams.rehman@uettaxila.edu.pk
What is a computer?
A computer is a programmable electronic device
that accepts, stores, and processes data according
to specific instructions (programs) to produce
information.
4
BASIC
COMPUTER
CONCEPTS
Computer Operations 5
Input Processing Output
External Storage
Hardware vs. Software 6
Hardware
The computer equipment
Includes printers, monitors, disk drives, etc.
Software
Programs which tell the computer what to do
Examples - word processing, gradebook,
tutorials, games, etc.
7
History of Computers 8
Charles Babbage - father of computer
1800’s planned analytical engine
ENIAC - developed at end of WW II
1951 - 1963 1st and 2nd generation
very large, used unreliable vacuum tubes
1963 - present - 3rd and 4th generation
smaller, faster - use transistors and integrated circuits
History - Microcomputers 9
Apple
First sold in late 1970’s
Developed by Jobs and Wozniak
IBM Personal Computers
First sold in 1981
Was quickly accepted by businesses
IBM compatibles soon developed
Computer - Social Impact 10
Threat to privacy
Reduce personal interactions
Displace workers and change workplace
Create two tiered society
Computer failures cause great damage
Artificial Intelligence
Create a “new life form”
Machines smarter than their creators
Types of Computers – 11
Personal Computers (PC)
Also called Microcomputers
Available in desktop size,
notebook size and handheld
Can be IBM, IBM Compatible
or Apple
Types of Computers - Minicomputers 12
Size of filing cabinet
Used by small and medium size companies and institutions
Operated by computer specialist
Terminals allow many people to use
Types of Computers - Mainframes 13
Very powerful
Very fast
Used by large corporations and governmental agencies
Operated by computer specialist
Types of Computers- Supercomputers 14
Most powerful
Fastest
Most expensive
Several million dollars each
Used only by
Governmental agencies
Large international corporations
Input Devices - Keyboard 15
Most commonly used input device
Ergonomic - fit natural hand placement
Special keys
Enter, Function, Ctrl, Alt, Num Lock, Esc
Input Devices - Mouse 16
Controls cursor on screen
May be mechanical or
optical
Most models have a
“wheel” for scrolling
Input Devices - Other 17
Pointers (replaces mouse on notepads)
Track point, track ball, touch pad
Scanner
Digital camera
Touch screen
Voice
Output Devices 18
Monitor
Printer
Disk Drive
Can also be input device
Modem
Can also be input device
Monitors 19
Made up of tiny elements
called pixels
Each row of pixels is called
a scan line
Picture is displayed by an
electronic beam lighting
up certain pixels
Monitors – LCD / LED 20
Liquid Crystal Display / Light Emitting Diode
Similar to digital watch
Used for notebook computers
Also used in flat screen monitors
Much thinner than regular CRT monitor
More expensive than regular CRT monitor
Monitors - Video Card 21
Processes info to send to monitor
Amount of video memory may speed up graphic intensive
programs
2 GB –general purpose
4~8 GB or more RAM – graphic intensive use
AGP port can speed up graphics
3D accelerator card improves graphics
22
Programs 23
Set of instructions to the computer
Programming languages
Machine language
Assembly language
Procedural languages
Basic, Fortran, Cobol
Object oriented languages
Visual Basic, C++, C#, Java
Systems Software 24
Run fundamental operations
Loading and running programs
Saving and retrieving data
Communicating with printers, modems, etc.
Examples of systems software
DOS
Windows 3.1, 95, 98, Me, 2000, and XP
Unix
Linux
Applications Software 25
Helps you to accomplish a certain task
Examples
Word processing - memos, reports, etc.
Spreadsheets - budgets, etc.
Database - search, sort, select data
Educational - simulations, practice
Graphics - charts, diagrams
Desktop publishing - pamphlets, etc.
Software - Legal Issues 26
Commercial software
Can only make backup copies for yourself
Can only use on one machine at a time
Site license - use on more that one machine
Shareware
Can use - make copies and give to anyone
Should pay if you continue to use
Freeware – can copy and use indefinitely
Overview of Software Development 29
Understand the big picture of Software Development
Any project involves various stages
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) stages:
Requirements Gathering
Design
Software Development
Quality Assurance
Deployment
• You may use your own syntax if
you wish…
66
Text and
Reference
Books
C++ How to Program, 10/e C Programming | KanLabs
- Deitel & Associates, Inc.
Video References 67
Fundamentals of Programming Languages #1 |
Introduction to Programming Fundamentals –
YouTube (CodeWithPraveen)
Lecture 1: Introduction to Programing in Urdu |
Programming Fundamental | The Kacs –
YouTube (KACS Learning)
Lecture 2: (part 1) How to Install Dev C++ on
Windows | Dev C++ | C++ Programming | The
Kacs – YouTube (KACS Learning)
Web References 68
Home - Dev-C++ Official Website
(https://www.bloodshed.net/)
Learn C and C++ Programming - Cprogramming.com
(https://www.cprogramming.com/)
Small Basic
(https://smallbasic-publicwebsite.azurewebsites.net/)
Scratch - Imagine, Program, Share
(https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/editor/?tutorial=getS
tarted)
Assignment #1 69
Install Dev C++ on your computer and create a
program that writes your name following the
steps below:
1. Write Pseudocode Algorithm of your program
2. Draw Flowchart of your program (using shapes)
3. Share code and output of your program
Email: adeel.akram@uettaxila.edu.pk with Subject: Name/Reg - PF Assignment #1
Pseudo Code of name.c
BEGIN
DECLARE name AS STRING
SET name TO “Your Name"
PRINT "My name is " + name
END
Name.c – First Program
#include <stdio.h>
// This program prints the name of the programmer
int main() {
char name[] = "Adeel Akram";
printf("My name is %s\n", name);
return 0;
}
Flow Chart
Start
Declare a string variable name
Assign the value “Your Name" to name
Print "My name is " followed by the value of name
End
