Arduino UNO Pin Functions
1. Pin Layout Overview
- Digital Pins (0-13)
- Analog Pins (A0-A5)
- Power Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND, Vin, RESET, IOREF)
- Special Function Pins (PWM, UART, SPI, I2C, External Interrupts, etc.)
2. Digital Pins (0-13)
- Used as digital input or output.
- Logic levels: 0V (LOW), 5V (HIGH).
- PWM pins (~): 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 -> provide analog-like output.
Special Uses:
- Pin 0 (RX): Serial receive (UART communication).
- Pin 1 (TX): Serial transmit.
- Pins 2 & 3: External interrupts (INT0, INT1).
- Pins 10, 11, 12, 13: SPI (SS, MOSI, MISO, SCK).
- Pin 13: Connected to onboard LED (L).
3. Analog Pins (A0-A5)
- Read analog signals (0-5V) using 10-bit ADC -> values from 0 to 1023.
- Can also be used as digital I/O.
Special:
- A4: SDA (I2C Data line).
- A5: SCL (I2C Clock line).
4. Power Pins
- 3.3V: Regulated 3.3V output (max 50mA).
- 5V: Main regulated 5V supply.
- GND: Ground (0V).
- Vin: Input voltage (7-12V when using external supply).
- RESET: Resets microcontroller.
- IOREF: Provides operating voltage reference for shields.
5. Other Special Pins
- AREF (Analog Reference): Reference voltage for analog inputs (default = 5V).
- RESET Pin: Can be pulled LOW to reset the Arduino.
6. Communication Interfaces
- UART (Serial): Pins 0 (RX), 1 (TX).
- I2C: A4 (SDA), A5 (SCL).
- SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK).
