रा ीय प्रौद्यो गक सं ान स क्कम
National Institute of Technology Sikkim
Lab Manual: Object Oriented System Design
(CS13204)
Implemented in Python
Course Instructor: Dr. Pankaj Kumar Keserwani
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
August 8, 2025
Lab Manual (Python) CS13104: Object Oriented System Design
Contents
Lab 1: Procedural vs Object-Oriented Programming 2
1
Lab Manual (Python) CS13104: Object Oriented System Design
Lab 1: Procedural vs Object-Oriented Programming
Objective: To introduce students to the paradigm shift from procedural to object-
oriented programming.
Expected Outcome: Students will understand key differences and gain the ability to
convert procedural logic to class-based design.
Task Description: Write a program to calculate student grades using procedural
programming. Rewrite it using object-oriented principles with a class ‘Student‘.
Sample Code:
# Procedural Approach
def calculate_grade ( marks ):
if marks >= 90:
return "A"
elif marks >= 80:
return "B"
return "C"
print ( calculate_grade (85))
# OOP Approach
class Student :
def __init__ (self , name , marks ):
self.name = name
self. marks = marks
def grade (self):
if self. marks >= 90:
return "A"
elif self. marks >= 80:
return "B"
return "C"
s = Student (" Alice ", 85)
print (s. grade ())
Objective: To practice fundamental Python programming concepts including loops,
conditional statements, patterns, switch-case, functions, and recursion.
Part A: For / While / Do-While Loops (7 Questions)
1. Print the first 10 natural numbers using a for loop.
2. Display the multiplication table of a given number using a while loop.
3. Calculate the sum of all even numbers between 1 and 100.
4. Find the factorial of a number using a while loop.
5. Reverse the digits of a number using a loop.
6. Generate the Fibonacci series up to n terms using a loop.
7. Keep asking the user for input until they enter a negative number (simulate do-while
logic in Python).
2
Lab Manual (Python) CS13104: Object Oriented System Design
Part B: If-Else & Nested If-Else (6 Questions)
8. Check whether a given number is positive, negative, or zero.
9. Check whether a given number is even or odd.
10. Find the largest of two numbers.
11. Find the largest of three numbers using nested if-else.
12. Check whether a year is a leap year or not.
13. Accept marks from the user and print the grade based on percentage.
Part C: Operators:Arithmetic, logical, and assignment (6 Ques-
tions)
14. Write a Python program takes two integer inputs from the user, calculates their
sum, difference, product, and quotient, and then prints the results.
15. Create a program that uses the exponentiation operator (**) to calculate the square
of a number provided by the user.
16. Write a script that demonstrates the use of the floor division (//) and modulus (%)
operators by dividing two user-provided numbers and printing both the quotient
and the remainder.
17. Develop a Python program that uses augmented assignment operators (+=, -=,
*=) to modify the value of a variable. Start with an initial value of 10 and perform
a series of operations to show the change.
18. Create a program that determines if a given year is a leap year. Use comparison
and logical operators to implement the leap year conditions: a year is a leap year
if it is divisible by 4, except for years divisible by 100 but not by 400.
19. Write a program that uses the identity operators (is, is not) to compare two variables
that hold the same value but are assigned differently (e.g., a = 5, b = 5, and a
third variable c = a). Print the results of a is b and a is c. Explain the output.
20. Swap Two Numbers Using Bitwise XOR
Without using a temporary variable, swap two integers using the ̂ (XOR) operator.
21. Check if a Number is Even or Odd Using Bitwise AND
Use the & operator to determine whether a number is even or odd.
22. Count the Number of Set Bits (1s) in a Number
Use bitwise operators (& and >>) to count how many bits are set in the binary
representation of a given number.
23. Multiply a Number by 2 Using Bitwise Shift
Use the left shift operator << to multiply a number by 2 without using the *
operator.
3
Lab Manual (Python) CS13104: Object Oriented System Design
24. Toggle a Specific Bit in a Number
Write a program that takes a number and a bit position, then flips (toggles) the
bit at that position using ̂.
Part D — Patterns (visual examples)
1. Right-angled triangle of ‘*‘ (height = 5)
*
**
***
****
*****
2. Centered pyramid of ‘*‘ (height = 5)
*
***
*****
*******
*********
3. Inverted pyramid of ‘*‘ (height = 5)
*********
*******
*****
***
*
4. Numbers 1..5 in a right-angled triangle
1
12
123
1234
12345
5. Floyd’s triangle (5 rows)
1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
4
Lab Manual (Python) CS13104: Object Oriented System Design
6. Diamond of ‘*‘ (odd height = 5)
*
***
*****
***
*
7. Hollow square of ‘*‘ (size = 5)
*****
* *
* *
* *
*****
Part D: Switch Case (Match-Case in Python 3.10+) (5 Ques-
tions)
25. Create a calculator that performs +, -, *, / based on user choice.
26. Print the name of the day based on day number (1=Monday, 2=Tuesday...).
27. Check whether a given vowel is ‘a‘, ‘e‘, ‘i‘, ‘o‘, or ‘u‘.
28. Display different greetings based on the time of the day (morning, afternoon,
evening).
29. Convert a number (1–12) to its corresponding month name.
Part E: Functions & Recursive Functions (5 Questions)
30. Write a function to calculate the square of a number.
31. Write a function to calculate the sum of two numbers.
32. Write a function to check whether a number is prime or not.
33. Write a recursive function to calculate factorial.
34. Write a recursive function to print the Fibonacci series.
Part F: Additional Interactive Exercises:
1. Bank Account Manager Procedural: Write functions to deposit, withdraw,
and display account balance. OOP: Create a BankAccount class with methods
deposit(), withdraw(), and display_balance().
5
Lab Manual (Python) CS13104: Object Oriented System Design
2. Student Report Generator Procedural: Store names and marks in lists, then
print grades. OOP: Create a Student class with grade() and display() methods,
and store objects in a list.
3. Temperature Converter Procedural: Functions to convert Celsius ↔ Fahrenheit.
OOP: Create a Temperature class with methods to_celsius() and to_fahrenheit().
4. Simple Calculator Procedural: Functions for add, subtract, multiply, divide.
OOP: Create a Calculator class with corresponding methods, allowing continu-
ous calculations.
5. E-commerce Cart Procedural: Store items in a list and calculate total price.
OOP: Create an Item class and a Cart class with methods to add/remove items
and calculate total price.
6. Library Management System Procedural: Use dictionaries to store book titles
and their availability. Write functions to borrow and return books. OOP: Create
a Book class and a Library class with methods to borrow, return, and display
available books.
7. Employee Payroll System Procedural: Store employee details and calculate
salary based on hours worked and hourly rate. OOP: Create an Employee class
with attributes for name, hourly rate, and hours worked, and a method to calculate
salary.
8. Quiz Game Procedural: Use lists to store questions and answers, and check user
responses. OOP: Create a Question class and a Quiz class to handle question
display, answer checking, and score tracking.
9. Inventory Tracker Procedural: Store product details in lists or dictionaries and
update stock manually. OOP: Create a Product class with attributes like name,
price, and quantity, and methods to add/remove stock.
10. Simple To-Do List Procedural: Store tasks in a list and mark them as done.
OOP: Create a Task class and a ToDoList class with methods to add, remove, and
mark tasks as complete.
11. Digital Clock Procedural: Use a function to display the current time every second
using time module. OOP: Create a Clock class that continuously updates and
displays time.
12. Movie Ticket Booking System Procedural: Store available seats in a list and
update when booked. OOP: Create a Movie class with methods to show available
seats and book tickets.
