Declaration: We Hereby Declare That The Project Entitled, "Optical Isolator For Sound Card Protection in

DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project entitled, Optical Isolator for Sound Card Protection in PA Systems completed and written by us has not been previously formed the basis for the award of any degree certificate or minor project.
Place: Amravati Date:
Naval C Deshmukh Raghvendra D Kannao
[08004055] [08004060]
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AMRAVATI.

(An Autonomous Institute Of Government of Maharashtra) (ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGG. DEPARTMENT)
CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the following students of Third Year, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering have submitted this report as a part of project entitled Optical Isolator for Sound Card Protection in PA Systems, that I have guided for the said work from time to time and found them to be satisfactorily progressive. This is the record of their work under my guidance with immense satisfaction. Following students have contributed appropriately
Mr. Naval C Deshmukh [T.Y.B.Tech]
Mr. Raghvendra D Kannao [T.Y.B.Tech]
Lect. S.V.Lahadede [Project Guide] Electronics & Telecommunication ii
Prof. S. O. Dahad [Head of Department] Electronics & Telecommunication
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is a great pleasure to thank all the people who helped us to make the project Optical Isolator for Sound Card Protection in PA Systems successful. We have been lucky enough to have many technical reviewers whose comments, suggestions & corrections have enormously enriched our project. We owe our special thanks to our project guide Lect.S.V.Lahade, who played a major role in developing our project and also our overall concepts. We would also like to thank Prof. S. O. Dahad for allowing us to pursue this project & helped us in this mission to finish the task successfully. Last but not the least we would also like to thank all the lecturers ,supporting staff members of this department and our colleagues for being co-operative with us during this whole project session.
Naval C Deshmukh Raghvendra D Kannao
[08004055] [08004060]
iii
ABSTRACT
In public address system along with microphones, sound sources such as Cassette players, CD players, Keyboards, Laptops etc. are readily used. There is often problem of reverse current from power amplifier to source. Sources like Cassette players, CD players, Keyboards being professionally used in PA system, have protection against reverse current. Laptops are used by majority of amateurs users in PA system applications, laptops are not designed for purpose of PA systems so there is no major protection against the reverse current. A sufficient Reverse current can permanently damage the sound card of laptop. Isolation is required between Power amplifier and sound source to prevent reverse current. An Isolator can be active device like Operation amplifier, passive device like Transformer or optical link. Isolator using OP-AMP is low cost and easily available but the two circuits are still electrically linked hence a sudden voltage spike can damage source .Isolator using Passive component like transformer Can isolate the two circuits electrically but there is limitation on operating frequency range and power transferred, also realizing the exact value inductances in transformers is cumbersome job. One of the easiest ways to electrically isolate two systems is to use an optical link between two systems or in other words couple two circuits optically. The Schematic of Optical isolation or optical coupling is as shown in fig.
Light source Source (e.g. Laptop)
Light channel
Amplifier
Light detector
Fig. Schematic of Optical isolator iv
A light source is attached to the source while a light detector is attached to the amplifierstage such that changes in source are reflected in light source while changes in light detector are reflected in amplifier. Changes in Light source are detected by the light In this project instead of using separate light source and detector an integrated OPTOCOUPLER MCT2E is used. Using this project laptops used in PA System can be protected against reverse current caused by Power Amplifiers .Along with isolation an optical coupling also can be used to match the impedance of two stages, avoid excessive loading and prevent ground loops, hence improving the overall level of protection and sound quality.
CONTENTS
Chapter No. Contents Certificate Declaration Acknowledgement Abstract List of Figures List of Tables 1. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD DESIGN 1.1 PCB Designing Process 1.1.1 Component Layout 1.1.2 PCB Layout 1.1.3 Transferring PCB Layout to PCB Laminate 1.2 PCB Manufacturing Process 1.2.1 Etching 1.2.2 Drilling and Tinning 1.2.3 Soldering 2. Circuit Description and Working 2.1 Optical Isolator 2.1.1 Transmitter 2.1.2 Receiver 2.2 Power Supply 2.3 Technical Specification Advantages and Limitation: Future Scope For Development 3.1 Advantages 3.2 Limitations and Future Scope for Development References The Appendices Appendix I Appendix II 3 3 3 4 6 7 7 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 17 Page No. i ii iii iv vi vi 1 2 2 2 2
3.
LIST OF FIGURES Figure No.

1 2 3 4
Figure Name
PCB Layout of Main Circuit PCB Layout of Power Supply Soldering techniques
. Optical isolator using MCT2E [6pin DIP]
Page No. 3 3 5 7
5 6
Regulated Power Supply Bode Plot for optical isolator
8 10
LIST OF TABLES Table No.

1 2
Table Name
Transfer Characteristics List of components
Page No. 9 16
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DECLARATION

Place: Amravati Date:

Naval C Deshmukh Raghvendra D Kannao

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AMRAVATI.

Mr. Naval C Deshmukh [T.Y.B.Tech]

Mr. Raghvendra D Kannao [T.Y.B.Tech]

Lect. S.V.Lahadede [Project Guide] Electronics & Telecommunication ii

Prof. S. O. Dahad [Head of Department] Electronics & Telecommunication

Naval C Deshmukh Raghvendra D Kannao

Light source Source (e.g. Laptop)

Fig. Schematic of Optical isolator iv

LIST OF FIGURES Figure No.

Regulated Power Supply Bode Plot for optical isolator

LIST OF TABLES Table No.

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