BUS 520 (Managment &amp Organization Behaviour)

BUS 520 : Management & Organizational Behavior
Group Members Shahriar Mustafa ID# 103-0566-560 Ahmed Talba Kishwa ID# 083-236-060 Sohel ID# name and id Sajib ID# name and
Motivation
Motivation describes the factors within individuals that arouse, maintain and channel behaviour towards a goal.
Taylor
Taylor did lots of work in factories and believed that workers should be told how to do a job quickly He believed they should be closely monitored & told what to do He devised a PIECE RATE system He believed workers could only be motivated by money
Maslow
Maslow believed human needs are split into five types - a hierarchy of needs with the highest level needs at the top. Individuals need to meet basic needs before moving up the hierarchy
Maslow
1. Physiological- wage, salaries and working conditions
2. Safety- security (safe job), other benefits eg sick

pay and safe working conditions 3. Social- team working and other functions that aim at building a bond within the workforce 4. Esteem- positive feedback and chances for promotion 5. Self- actualization- creating challenges and tasks that are stimulating
Herzberg
According to Herzberg motivating factors are split into two groups: 1. Hygiene factors- salary and security. Improving these lowers dissatisfaction but doesn't improve motivation or satisfaction 2. Motivators- recognition, responsibility, work itself, achievement, advancement these lead to increased motivation In reality most managers are trying to maximize the beneficial aspects and minimize those facts which de-motivate workers.
Mayo
Mayo
looked at motivation in the Hawthorne laboratories in the USA that just by being studied the subjects levels of motivation increased the importance of team work and group dynamics to motivation
Found
Highlighted
Non Monetary Forms of Motivation- Job Enrichment
When employees jobs are redesigned to provide them with more challenging and complex tasks Increase in the range of tasks an individual does Workers have more responsibility for their own management Workers are able to identify and solve any problems that they encounter Gives workers training to improve skills so can meet increased job demands
Job Enlargement

Giving employees more duties of a similar level of difficulty Employees have more jobs to do at the same level
Workers carry out a range of duties rather than a single duty which helps to increase motivation
Employee Empowerment

Empowerment the process of giving workers a greater control over their work It can make work more interesting as suits individual needs
Needs training and time to be effective
Team working
Where organisations break down production into large units where each unit is responsible for a particular area Fulfils individuals social needs which helps to increase motivation
Teams can include:

Production teams Quality circle teams Management teams
Monetary Forms of Motivation Piecework
Employees paid due to quantity produced Now with minimum wage legislation employers need to ensure piece workers hit the threshold
Salaries and Wages

Salaries annual and paid monthly If you get a salary work a set number of hours as set out in contract
Wages paid weekly

Have to be at work for a set time, paid overtime for any extra hours Salaries and wages are often seen as the key motivator for an individual to work
Fringe benefits

Rewards received by employees in addition to their wages or salary Often classified as perks of the job Examples:

Company car Lunch Private health care
Pensions
These can increase employee loyalty
Performance Related Pay (PRP)
Sometimes employees pay is linked to the achievement of targets at work Targets may be sales targets or performance appraisal
Criticisms of PRP
Many employees see this as unfair as can be based on an appraisal interview Lots of businesses dont put sufficient money aside so employees only get a small bonus
Developments in PRP
Increasingly firms are using a system called Variable pay This a flexible type of PRP which offers employees a highly individual pay system related to their performance
Higher rewards for star performers
Profit Sharing

Employees receive part of the business profits Profits can be paid in cash / shares This helps motivate the workers to earn the company profit as they see the financial incentive for themselves this can raise efficiency and productivity in the organisation
Share Ownership
These can be either:
Allowing employees opportunity to purchase shares after saving for a period of time Share options mangers have the opportunity to buy company shares on an agreed date in future at current rate
Having share options increases the feeling of ownership for an employee acting as an incentive for them to work harder

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BUS 520 : Management & Organizational Behavior

2. Safety- security (safe job), other benefits eg sick

Non Monetary Forms of Motivation- Job Enrichment

Needs training and time to be effective

Teams can include:

Production teams Quality circle teams Management teams

Monetary Forms of Motivation Piecework

Salaries and Wages

Wages paid weekly

Company car Lunch Private health care

These can increase employee loyalty

Performance Related Pay (PRP)

Higher rewards for star performers

These can be either:

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