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    6.5 Molar Mass

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    Adrian Miclat

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    6.5 Molar Mass

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    131 views21 pages

    6.5 Molar Mass

    Uploaded by

    Adrian Miclat

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities

    6.5 Molar Mass

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Molar Mass
    The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance the atomic mass of an element expressed in grams

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Learning Check
    Give the molar mass to the nearest 0.1 g. A. K B. Sn = = ________ ________

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Solution
    Give the molar mass to the nearest 0.1 g. A. K B. Sn = = 39.1 g 118.7 g

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Molar Mass of CaCl2


    For a compound, the molar mass is the sum of the

    molar masses of the elements in the formula. We calculate the molar mass of CaCl2 to the nearest 0.1 g as follows.
    Element Number of Moles Atomic Mass Total Mass

    Ca Cl CaCl2

    1 2 1

    40.1 g/mole 35.5 g/mole

    40.1 g 71.0 g 111.1 g

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Molar Mass of K3PO4


    Determine the molar mass of K3PO4 to 0.1 g.
    Element Number of Moles Atomic Mass Total Mass in K3PO4

    39.1 g/mole

    117.3 g

    P
    O K3PO4

    1
    4 1

    31.0 g/mole
    16.0 g/mole

    31.0 g
    64.0 g 212.3 g

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    One-Mole Quantities

    32.1 g

    55.9 g

    58.5 g

    294.2 g

    342.3 g

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Guide to Calculating Molar Mass

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Learning Check
    Calculate the molar mass for Al(OH)3 to the nearest 0.1g. 1) 44.0 g/mole 2) 75.0 g/mole 3) 78.0 g/mole

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    Solution
    STEP 1 Obtain the molar mass of each element. Al 27.0 g/mole O 16.0 g/mole H 1.0 g/mole Multiply each by the subscript in the formula. 1 mole Al x 27.0 g Al = 27.0 g 1 mole Al 3 moles O x 16.0 g O = 48.0 g 1 mole O 3 moles H x 1.0 g H = 3.0 g 1 mole H Total: 1 mole of Al(OH)3 = 78.0 g (3)
    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 10

    STEP 2

    STEP 3

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Learning Check
    Prozac, C17H18F3NO, is an antidepressant that inhibits the uptake of serotonin by the brain. What is the molar mass of Prozac? 1) 40.0 g/mole 2) 262 g/mole 3) 309 g/mole

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    11

    Solution
    3) 309 g/mole STEP 1 Obtain the molar mass of each element. C 12.0 g/mole H 1.0 g/mole F 19.0 g/mole N 14.0 g/mole O 16.0 g/mole Multiply each by the subscript in the formula. 17 moles C x 12.0 g C = 204 g 1 mole C 18 moles H x 1.0 g H = 18 g 1 mole H
    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 12

    STEP 2

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Solution (continued)
    STEP 2 (continued) 3 moles F x 19.0 g F 1 mole F 1 mole N x 14.0 g N 1 mole N

    = 57.0 g
    = 14.0 g

    STEP 3

    1 mole O x 16.0 g O = 16.0 g 1 mole O Total: 1 mole of C17H18F3NO = 309 g

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    13

    Conversion Factors from Molar Mass


    Methane (CH4), known as natural gas, is used in gas stoves and gas heaters. 1 mole of CH4 = 16.0 g of CH4

    The molar mass of methane can be written as conversion factors. 16.0 g CH4 1 mole CH4
    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    and

    1 mole CH4 16.0 g CH4


    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 14

    Learning Check
    Acetic acid, C2H4O2, gives the sour taste to vinegar. Write an equality and two molar mass conversion factors for acetic acid.

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    15

    Solution
    Acetic acid, C2H4O2, gives the sour taste to vinegar. Write an equality and two molar mass conversion factors for acetic acid.

    Equality: 1 mole of acetic acid = 60.0 g of acetic acid


    Molar mass conversion factors: 1 mole acetic acid and 60.0 g acetic acid 60.0 g acetic acid 1 mole acetic acid
    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 16

    Guide to Calculations Using Molar Mass

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    17

    Calculating Grams from Moles


    Aluminum is often used for the structure of lightweight bicycle frames. How many grams of Al are in 3.00 moles of Al? 3.00 moles Al x 27.0 g Al 1 mole Al
    mole factor for Al

    = 81.0 g of Al

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    18

    Learning Check
    The artificial sweetener aspartame (NutraSweet), C14H18N2O5 , is used to sweeten diet foods, coffee, and soft drinks. How many moles of aspartame are present in 225 g of aspartame?

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    19

    Solution
    STEP 1 Given: 225 g of aspartame, C14H18N2O5 STEP 2 Plan: g of aspartame moles of aspartame STEP 3 Determine molar mass of aspartame: 14(12.0) + 18(1.0) + 2(14.0) + 5(16.0) = 294 g/mole STEP 4 Set up problem to calculate the moles of aspartame: 225 g aspartame x 1 mole aspartame 294 g aspartame
    mole factor (inverted)

    = 0.765 mole of aspartame


    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 20

    Converting Between Mass, Moles, and Particles

    General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

    Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

    21

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