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    Sunil Bhardwaj: Assistant Professor The Business School Bhaderwah Campus University of Jammu

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    Sunil Bhardwaj
    Pollution is introducing contaminants that harm the environment. Two historical pollution events were the 1952 Great Smog disaster in London that killed 4000 people and the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill that destroyed wildlife. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and their concentrations have risen dramatically compared to 50 years ago. The Kyoto Protocol established a carbon market to generate carbon credits from emissions reductions projects. Carbon credits can be traded and used to offset emissions and comply with regulations in a growing voluntary carbon market.

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    Sunil Bhardwaj: Assistant Professor The Business School Bhaderwah Campus University of Jammu

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    Sunil Bhardwaj
    29 views19 pages
    Pollution is introducing contaminants that harm the environment. Two historical pollution events were the 1952 Great Smog disaster in London that killed 4000 people and the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill that destroyed wildlife. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and their concentrations have risen dramatically compared to 50 years ago. The Kyoto Protocol established a carbon market to generate carbon credits from emissions reductions projects. Carbon credits can be traded and used to offset emissions and comply with regulations in a growing voluntary carbon market.

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    Carbon Credits

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    Pollution is introducing contaminants that harm the environment. Two historical pollution events were the 1952 Great Smog disaster in London that killed 4000 people and the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill that destroyed wildlife. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and their concentrations have risen dramatically compared to 50 years ago. The Kyoto Protocol established a carbon market to generate carbon credits from emissions reductions projects. Carbon credits can be traded and used to offset emissions and comply with regulations in a growing voluntary carbon market.

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    29 views19 pages

    Sunil Bhardwaj: Assistant Professor The Business School Bhaderwah Campus University of Jammu

    Uploaded by

    Sunil Bhardwaj
    Pollution is introducing contaminants that harm the environment. Two historical pollution events were the 1952 Great Smog disaster in London that killed 4000 people and the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill that destroyed wildlife. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and their concentrations have risen dramatically compared to 50 years ago. The Kyoto Protocol established a carbon market to generate carbon credits from emissions reductions projects. Carbon credits can be traded and used to offset emissions and comply with regulations in a growing voluntary carbon market.

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    Sunil Bhardwaj

    Assistant Professor The Business School Bhaderwah Campus University of Jammu

    Pollution Effects Greenhouse gases Concerns Green economy Kyoto Mechanism Carbon credits Generating Carbon credits Trading of carbon credits Markets for carbon credits

    Introduction of contaminants into the environment causing instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the MOTHER EARTH.

    GREAT SMOG DISASTER in London in 1952, 4000 people were killed in a few days
    biggest OIL SPILL in Alaska in 1989, approx. 2800sea otters, 2,50,000 sea birds and billions of salmon were destroyed.

    The

    Methane GWP:21 Carbon Dioxide GWP:1

    Nitrous Oxide GWP:310

    Sulphur hexaflouride GWP:23,900

    Perflourocarbons GWP:9,200

    Hydroflourocarbons GWP:11,700

    Carbon sink is not sufficient and concentration of greenhouse gases have risen dramatically. Annual rate of CO2 emission has decreased, CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is still increasing. 30% more CO2 in air today than there was about 50 years back.

    A Green Economy is a system of economic activities related to the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services that results in improved human wellbeing without creating significant environmental risks and ecological scarcities.

    Annex 1 countries to reduce their emission 5.2% below their 1990 baseline over the 2008 to 2012 period.

    Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) CDM enables developing country parties who carry out projects that reduce GHG emissions to recieve credits for this reduction.

    Joint Implementation (JI) A developed country with relatively high costs of domestic greenhouse reduction would set up a project in another developed country. Emission Trading (ET) countries can trade in the international carbon credit market to cover their shortfall in Assigned amount units

    Idea

    was generated in KYOTO PROTOCOL (11 December 1997)

    carbon credit is a generic term for any tradable certificate representing the right to emit one tonne of CO2 or equivalent mass of other greenhouse gas
    Instrument

    Financial One

    carbon credit = 1metric tonne of CO2

    Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) Assigned Amount Units (AAUs) Removal Units (RUs) Voluntary Emission Reduction (VERs)

    CCs are issued to countries that reduce their emission of greenhouse gases. Developed countries that have exceeded their emission level can either cut down their emission, or buy, borrow CCs from developing countries.

    Without project emission level

    Carbon credit
    Emission level With project Emission level

    Project commission

    Time

    Allowance Based: Buyer purchase emission allowances created & allocated (auctioned) by regulators, Kyoto protocol Project Based: Buyer purchase emission credits that has accumulated it from reduction of green house gas emission

    Clean Development Mechanism (CER) Joint Implementation (ERU)

    Emission Trading (CCs)

    Carbon credits
    MARKET Primary/secondary Countries/ companies/Individuals

    Regulatory
    CSR

    compliance buyers

    companies (environmental responsibility) or early action buyers

    Pre-compliance Speculators

    or investors (future price increases)

    Retail buyers who want to take personal action to offset their carbon footprints.

    Mostly traded in Primary market Secondary market are:


    Chicago Climate Exchange European Climate Exchange NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe ( CERs ) Power Next Commodity Exchange Bratislava European Energy Exchange Online Trading: Carbon Trade Exchange

    LETS THINK LIKE AN ECOSYSTEM


    Otherwise earth wont wait long

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