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    Flowering Plants

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    kingbanakon
    The document discusses different types of plant roots. It begins with an overview of root systems in monocots and dicots, including that roots originate from the radicle or can form adventitiously. It then covers root anatomy, describing the root cap, regions of cell division, elongation and maturation. Specialized root types are also mentioned like storage, pneumatophore, buttress and symbiotic roots involved in nitrogen fixation or mycorrhizal partnerships. The functions of roots in anchoring plants and absorbing water and nutrients are highlighted.

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    Flowering Plants

    Uploaded by

    kingbanakon
    134 views43 pages
    The document discusses different types of plant roots. It begins with an overview of root systems in monocots and dicots, including that roots originate from the radicle or can form adventitiously. It then covers root anatomy, describing the root cap, regions of cell division, elongation and maturation. Specialized root types are also mentioned like storage, pneumatophore, buttress and symbiotic roots involved in nitrogen fixation or mycorrhizal partnerships. The functions of roots in anchoring plants and absorbing water and nutrients are highlighted.

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    Flower and their roots

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    Flowering plants

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    The document discusses different types of plant roots. It begins with an overview of root systems in monocots and dicots, including that roots originate from the radicle or can form adventitiously. It then covers root anatomy, describing the root cap, regions of cell division, elongation and maturation. Specialized root types are also mentioned like storage, pneumatophore, buttress and symbiotic roots involved in nitrogen fixation or mycorrhizal partnerships. The functions of roots in anchoring plants and absorbing water and nutrients are highlighted.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    134 views43 pages

    Flowering Plants

    Uploaded by

    kingbanakon
    The document discusses different types of plant roots. It begins with an overview of root systems in monocots and dicots, including that roots originate from the radicle or can form adventitiously. It then covers root anatomy, describing the root cap, regions of cell division, elongation and maturation. Specialized root types are also mentioned like storage, pneumatophore, buttress and symbiotic roots involved in nitrogen fixation or mycorrhizal partnerships. The functions of roots in anchoring plants and absorbing water and nutrients are highlighted.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 43

    The Plant Body

    ROOTS IN FLOWERING PLANTS


    Origin (Radicle or Adventitious) Function External Anatomy Internal Anatomy Specialized Roots Roots and Plant Nutrition

    Evolutionary Lineages of Life


    monocots dicots

    0.6 bya

    2.5 bya

    3.6 bya

    Monocotyledonous & Dicotyledonous Flowering Plants

    Embryonic root or radicle

    Worlds Biggest Seed with Embryonic Root or Radicle


    The Royal Botanic Garden in Edinburgh germinated this bowlingball-like coco de mer (Lodicea maldivica) palm. The seed weighs 35lb (16kg) and can produce a tree that will live up to 300 years. Scottish botanists put in a dark case, and now a root has developed. It will produce one leaf a year for the next few years. The tree will begin to flower in 20-30 years and produce its own seeds after another five to seven years (10-09-03).
    Source: http://www.crocus.co.uk/whatsgoingon/regionalscotland/

    Tap root and Fibrous (Diffuse) Root Systems Both arise from radicle

    Comparison of Root Systems

    Adventitious Roots: roots that arise from anything other than the radicle

    Adventitious Roots: roots that arise from anything other than the radicle

    Roots of the Future?


    Carrot Man from Lost in Space

    Roots: Function
    Roots anchor the plant in the substratum or soil. Roots absorb water and dissolved nutrients or solutes (nitrogen, phosphorous, magnesium, boron, etc.) needed for normal growth, development, photosynthesis, and reproduction. In some plants, roots have become adapted for specialized functions.

    EXTERNAL ANATOMY
    Root cap Region of cell division Region of elongation Region of differentiation or maturation

    Root Cap

    Root Cap
    thimble-shaped mass of parenchyma cells at the tip of each root protects the root from mechanical injury Dictyosomes or Golgi bodies release a mucilaginous lubricant (mucigel) cells lasts less than a week, then these die possibly important in perception of gravity (i.e., geotropism or gravitropism) amyloplasts (also called statoliths) appear to accumulate at the bottom of cells

    Region of Cell Division


    Apical meristem - cells divide once or twice per day. The transitional meristems arise from the tips of roots and shoots. These include:
    the protoderm (which forms the epidermis) the ground meristem (which forms the ground tissue) the procambium (forms the primary phloem and xylem).

    Region of Elongation - cells become longer and wider

    Region of Maturation or Differentiation

    Region of Maturation or Differentiation


    root hairs develop as protuberances from epidermal cells increase the surface area for the absorption of water cuticle exists on root but not on root hairs

    Dicot Root in Cross Section

    Dicot root in Cross Section

    The Casparian Strip

    Monocot Root in Cross Section

    Lateral Roots Arise from the Pericycle of the Stele

    Secondary Growth in Dicot Roots

    Secondary Growth in Dicot Roots

    Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots

    http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/PrimSec/primarysecondary4.htm

    Modified Roots
    Food storage Propagative roots Pneumatophores Aerial Roots Photosynthetic roots of some orchids Contractile roots some herbaceous dicots and monocots Buttress roots looks Parasitic roots Symbiotic roots
    mycorrhizae or fungus roots Legumes (e.g., pea, beans, peanuts) and bacterium form root nodules.

    Food Storage Roots

    Jack-o'-lanterns from Turnips

    Jack-o'-lanterns from Turnips

    Turnip + Cabbage = Rutabaga

    Pneumatophores - black mangrow

    Cypress Knees

    Buttress Roots

    Symbiotic Roots
    Legumes (e.g., pea, beans, peanuts) form root nodules. Mutualism between a plant and bacterium which allows for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen to form that the plant can utilized. The bacterium is reward with food and a place to live

    Symbiotic Roots
    Mycorrhizae or "fungus roots" where a symbiotic relationship forms between a plant and a fungus. In this partnership the fungus provides protection against some types of pathogens and increase the surface area for the absorption of essential nutrients (e.g. phosphorous) from the soil. The plant in return provides food for the fungus in the form of sugar and amino acids

    Photosynthetic Roots

    Parasitic roots - Dodder

    Propagative Roots with Adventitious Buds/Stems

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