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    Electromagnetism N: Alan Murray

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    Cocis PeTrisor
    This document provides an overview of a university course on electromagnetism. It lists key topics that will be covered, including Coulomb's law, Gauss's law, potential, capacitance, Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law, Faraday's law, and Maxwell's equations. It provides background on the course instructor and resources for students. It also gives examples of how to calculate electric fields from point charges and distributions of charge.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Electromagnetism N: Alan Murray

    Uploaded by

    Cocis PeTrisor
    94 views23 pages
    This document provides an overview of a university course on electromagnetism. It lists key topics that will be covered, including Coulomb's law, Gauss's law, potential, capacitance, Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law, Faraday's law, and Maxwell's equations. It provides background on the course instructor and resources for students. It also gives examples of how to calculate electric fields from point charges and distributions of charge.

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    1_Coulomb

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    This document provides an overview of a university course on electromagnetism. It lists key topics that will be covered, including Coulomb's law, Gauss's law, potential, capacitance, Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law, Faraday's law, and Maxwell's equations. It provides background on the course instructor and resources for students. It also gives examples of how to calculate electric fields from point charges and distributions of charge.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    94 views23 pages

    Electromagnetism N: Alan Murray

    Uploaded by

    Cocis PeTrisor
    This document provides an overview of a university course on electromagnetism. It lists key topics that will be covered, including Coulomb's law, Gauss's law, potential, capacitance, Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law, Faraday's law, and Maxwell's equations. It provides background on the course instructor and resources for students. It also gives examples of how to calculate electric fields from point charges and distributions of charge.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 23

    ELECTROMAGNETISM

    N

    Alan Murray
    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Syllabus
    Coulomb's Law
    Gauss's Law
    Potential
    Laplace's Equation
    Capacitance
    Biot-Savart Law
    Ampere's Law
    Curl (L)
    Faraday's Law
    Inductance
    Descriptive only
    Waves in Free
    Space
    Reflection &
    Standing Waves

    Maxwell's Equations
    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Maxwell's Equations This is
    where we are heading
    .
    . 0
    D
    B
    D
    H J
    B
    E
    C
    t
    t
    V =
    V =
    c
    V = +
    c
    c
    V =
    c
    DON'T PANIC!
    .
    . 0
    . .
    . .
    Dds
    Bds
    D
    Hdl J ds
    B
    Edl ds
    C
    dV
    t
    t
    =
    }} }}}
    =
    }}
    c
    | |
    = +
    } }}
    |
    c
    \ .
    c
    | |
    =
    } }}
    |
    c
    \ .
    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Electromagnetic Myths
    and Realities
    Electromagnetism is
    hard
    Electromagnetism is
    irrelevant to modern
    electronics
    Electromagnetism is
    boring

    I'm afraid that it is
    rather tricky
    Don't be silly, it is
    fundamental to
    everything
    I will do my best to
    render it otherwise!
    analogies
    minimised maths
    worked examples
    song and dance act

    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Electromagnetism ...
    Some reassurance
    Full understanding is possible for
    mathematically- and conceptually-
    "strong" students
    Sufficient understanding
    (in terms of usefulness and exam-passing)
    is possible for all
    There are around 6 possible exam
    questions!
    this is only slightly flippant

    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    A
    Formula
    Sheet?!?!
    Resources
    These notes
    Your own additions to
    these notes
    i.e. listen actively and
    annotate the notes
    Kraus
    ("Electromagnetics",
    McGraw-Hill)
    essential purchase for
    3rd and 4th year
    Formula Sheet ...
    provided in exam room
    Worked examples
    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Assumed Knowledge
    Charge, Voltage, Current
    Q = CV
    V = RI and its at-a-point vector equivalent,
    J = E
    see revision later
    E = J
    = 1/
    E = V/d (but we will show that is only
    occasionally true!)
    Not much more!

    Coulombs Law
    Alan Murray
    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Remember
    Like charges repel one another
    Opposite charges attract one another
    The force of repulsion/attraction get
    weaker as the charges are farther
    apart.
    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Charges and Forces
    r

    F
    b
    F
    a
    F
    a
    =-Q
    a
    Q
    b
    4tcr
    2
    F
    b
    =+Q
    b
    Q
    a
    4tcr
    2


    NB .. In air, c= 8.85 x 10
    -12
    Fm
    -1
    || = 1, F
    a
    = -F
    b
    Q
    a
    Q
    b
    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Unit vector r?

    4
    These are all unit vectors, |
    i
    | = 1
    They have a direction, and a magnitude of 1
    adds direction to a quantity without changing its magnitude
    e.g.... speed = 100m/s is a speed S
    100(1/\2, 1/\2, 0)m/s is a velocity v =S , 100m/s, North-East ()
    = 100(1/\2, 1/\2, 0) in this case.
    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Charges and Fields
    F
    a
    =-Q
    a
    Q
    b
    4tcr
    2
    F
    b
    =+Q
    b
    Q
    a
    4tcr
    2
    F
    a
    =+Q
    a
    E
    b
    F
    b
    =+Q
    b
    E
    a
    Where E
    a
    = +Q
    a


    4tcr
    2
    Where E
    b
    =-Q
    b


    4tcr
    2
    E
    b
    (r) is the electric field
    set up by charge b at
    distance r (point a)

    E
    a
    (r) is the electric field
    set up by charge a at
    distance r (point b)

    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Q
    a
    Q
    b
    |E|
    Two Positive and equal charges
    |E
    a
    |
    |E
    b
    |
    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Charges and Fields
    0 V
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    -
    -
    -
    -
    -
    -
    +q

    F

    E = -V/d
    F = +q(-V/d)
    F = qE again
    Where E is the
    field set up
    inside the
    capacitor
    d
    Voltage V
    E

    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Charges and Fields
    V
    E = -V/d
    0
    V
    0
    |E|
    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Several Charges?
    +Q
    a
    +Q
    c
    +Q
    d
    -Q
    e
    -Q
    b
    E
    a
    E
    b
    E
    c
    E
    d
    E
    e

    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Several Charges?
    +Q
    a
    +Q
    c
    +Q
    d
    -Q
    e
    -Q
    b
    E
    a
    E
    b
    E
    c
    E
    d
    E
    e
    E
    TOT

    E
    TOT

    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Many charges
    Q
    1
    , Q
    2
    , Q
    3
    Q
    N
    E
    N
    = Q
    N

    4tc
    0
    r
    2

    E = E
    1
    + E
    2
    + E
    3
    E
    N

    E = E
    N
    E
    N
    = E
    N
    Q
    N

    4tc
    0
    r
    2

    OK for a handful of charges
    OK for 10
    15
    electrons/cm
    3
    ?
    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Many charges
    For small numbers of charges
    Q
    1
    (r
    1
    ), Q
    2
    (r
    2
    ) Q
    N
    (r
    N
    ) is OK to describe a
    charge Q
    1
    at position r
    1
    etc.
    Breaks down as a useful notation
    for large N
    Instead use (r) as the density
    (in Cm
    -3
    ) of charge at a point r
    E
    N
    Q
    N
    becomes (r)dxdydz =
    vol
    (r)dv

    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Charge Density : 3D
    3D
    (r) in C/mm
    3
    1mm
    3
    = C

    (r
    a
    ) > (r
    b
    )
    1mm
    3
    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Charge Density : 2D
    2D
    (r) in C/mm
    2
    1mm
    2
    = C
    (r
    a
    ) > (r
    b
    )
    1mm
    2
    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Charge Density : 1D
    1D
    (r) in C/mm

    1mm = C


    (r
    a
    ) > (r
    b
    )
    1mm

    Alan Murray University of Edinburgh
    Worked Example
    Long straight rod of charge
    R r
    dq
    dE
    x
    y
    E = (E
    x
    , E
    y
    )
    E
    x
    = dE
    x
    E
    y
    = dE
    y

    E
    y

    E
    x

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