Orkplace Safety: Mir Sulman Zunaira Aslam Shumaila Anjum

WORKPLACE SAFETY
Mir Sulman L1F11MBAE2070 Zunaira Aslam L1F11MBAE2052 Shumaila Anjum

L1F11MABE2004
ACCIDENT
An unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury.
http://www.google.com/#hl=en&gs_rn=11&gs_ri=psyab&pq=accident&cp=13&gs_id=k&xhr=t&q=accident+definition&es_nrs=true&pf=p&rlz=1C2AVSA_enPK533PK533&sclient=psyab&oq=accident+defi&gs_l=&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&fp=c729749a57384080&biw=1024&bih=634
SEVEN COMMON INJURIES

A recent research repot by Department of Labor & Industries showed that 95% of all claims costs Paid by the Department.
http://www.lni.wa.gov/Safety/Topics/AtoZ/InjuryFS/
1)
Caught in/under/between - a part of the body is squeezed, pinched or crushed in machinery. Falls from elevation - falls from ladders, roofs or other high surfaces Fall at same level - slips, trips and falls on flat surfaces
2)
3)
Struck
by/against - impacting a part of the body against something or hit by a moving or flying objects, or by noise (noise impacts the ear drum) vehicle accidents - traffic accidents musculoskeletal disorders of the lower extremities (knees ankles and feet)
Motor
Work-related
Musculoskeletal
Injuries of Upper Body (Neck, back and arms) - from overexertion, kneeling, squatting, or other repetitive motion, lifting, awkward posture, hand pinching or gripping or vibration.
EFFECTS & CAUSES

I NJURY- Including diability,
pain & suffering etc.
LANT- a faulty stairway,

electrical hazards etc
D AMAGE- to equipment,
building & markets etc
E
E
QUIPMENT- a defective guard,

in correct equipment
NVIRONMENT- high noise, in

sufficient light
OSS- of life, of earnings, of

output & of profit etc
P
S
EOPLE- careless, un trained &

over stressed
MOTION- following injury

,pain & death etc
YSTEM OF WORK- poor

procedure, bad house keeping.
Production & operational management- 6th edition by Alan Muhlemann , john oakland
RESPONSIBILITIES & ORGANIZATION FOR SAFETY

There are 2 key areas, which required attention:
1.
Senior executive level: direct responsibility for the

general management of safety & health matters should be included in the duties of 1 of the senior executive in the same way.
2. First line supervision level: the supervisor is

on the spot & in a position to know weather or not safety arrangements are working in practice .
PLANNING FOR SAFETY

plant Processes training
workplace facilities
procedures
PLANNING FOR SAFETY

Plant:
The design, layout & inspection of plant & equipment, including heating, lighting, storage, disposal of water.
Processes:
The design & monitoring of processes to reduce to a minimum the possibility of malfunction. Processes with high fire, toxic or explosion risks should be separated from less hazardous ones.
Workplace:
The establishment & maintenance of clean & orderly places of work, with clearly defined access ways & fire exists.
Facilities:
The provision & maintenance of adequate firstaid & medical facilities, & clean & hygienic wash & eating area.
Procedures:
The preparation & practice of major emergency & firstaid procedures in the event of a serious hazard situation. These should be in the form of general plans & guides, rather than tremendous detail.
Training:
The provision of effective training for fire-fighting & first aid crews.
A SAFETY PLAN
Establish a safety policy Audit and review overall effectiveness
Define safety objective
Define responsibilities
Monitor progress
Establish safety regulations
Identify problem areas
Prepare safety program
Implement program
A SAFETY PLAN
Establish a safety policy: A clear written safety policy should be issued by the Chief Executive
Define safety objective: The objectives of the safety program should be set down in some detail
Define responsibilities: Safety & health must be the direct operation responsibilities of the line management. Appoint person as safety advisor.
Establish safety regulations: The safety requirements of the organization must be & the regulation clearly defined, understood & obeyed by all.
Identify problem areas: Regular audit of the operations areas will lead to continual updating of potential problems.
Prepare safety program: A program should be assigned to achieve established objectives.
Implement program: Implementation requires the commitment & involvement of all employees.
Monitor progress: The safety program should be kept to the agreed timetable.
Audit and review overall effectiveness: The practical implementation & appropriateness of the safety program should be continually compared with the objectives.
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

WORKPLACE INSPECTION
INSIDENT INSPECTION
SAFETY TRAINNING
WORKPLACE INSPECTION
There are basically 5 methods in general use Safety audit and reviews of all areas organization activities.
Safety survey which is detailed, in depth examination of a narrow field of activity. Safety inspection which takes the form of routine scheduled inspection of a unit or a department.
Safety tour which is an unscheduled examination of a work area to ensure that standers of housekeeping are acceptable. Safety sampling which measures by random sampling similar to activity sampling, the accident potentials by counting safety defects.
WORKPLACE INSPECTION SYSTEM

Safety audit & review-wide ranging Safety Inspection (scheduled) Safety Survey (in depth) Safety Tour (unscheduled )
Hazop (design study)
safety sampling (random)
ACCIDENT, INVESTIGATIONS AND

FOLLOW UP
The investigation of accident can provide valuable accident prevention information. The method is based on:
Collecting data and information relating to incident.
Checking the validity of the evidence.
.
Selecting evidence relevant to investigation aims.

Analyzing the evidence without making assumptions or jumping to conclusion
The result of the analysis are then use to: Decide the most likely causes of the incidents
Notify immediately the persons able to take collective actions. Record the finding and outcomes
Report them to everyone concerned, to prevent a recurrence.
TYPES OF FOLLOW-UP TO ACCIDENT & THEIR EFFECTS

System type
Investigation
Overall aim
To prevent a similar accident
General effects
Positive: Identification Notification correction Negative: blame Claims deface
inquisition
To identify responsibility
ACCIDENTS INVESTIGATED FREQUENTLY BY USING PEEPS METHOD TO INCLUDE:

Plant equipment Environment description, condition, guards, risk control, access etc
Climatic, fumes, vapor, space, humidity, noise etc.
People
Duties, information, supervision, instruction, training, protection etc. Procedures, instructions, monitoring, hazard warning, permits to enter, etc.
System
MONITOR WORKING CONDITIONS

Working Conditions
Temperature & Humidity Ventilation
Illumination
Color
From notes of Prof. Bilal Salman
Working Conditions (contd)
Noise & Vibration
Work Breaks
Safety
Causes of Accidents
From notes of Prof. Bilal Salman
SAFETY TRAINING CYCLE:

training
Review effectiveness
Allocate responsibilities
Assess results
Define objectives
Implement &b monitor
Establish training organization
Prepare Programme & materials
Specify safety Training needs
FIRE
Fires, like accidents, are rarely experienced by most individuals, but if a fire does occurs it is likely to effect directly large number of people The main cause of fire are electrical equipment, smoking, gas equipment, rubbish burning etc.
These are the following guidelines are useful: Set up a fire prevention policy and regularly review it.
Establish clear lines of responsibilities

Appoint a fire officer responsible to the top management
Estimates the possible effects of a fire in losing building and plant. Identify the fire risk. Set up fire protection drill for each site, department or area.
HEALTH & SAFETY AT WORK

LEGISLATION
An Act to make further provision for securing the health, safety and welfare of persons at work, for protecting others against risks to health or safety in connection with the activities of persons at work
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37
for controlling the keeping and use and preventing the unlawful acquisition, possession and use of dangerous substances, and for controlling certain emissions into the atmosphere; to make further provision with respect to the employment medical advisory service; to amend the law relating to building regulations, and the Building (Scotland) Act 1959; and for connected purposes.
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37
THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE ACT EMBODIED IN THREE CLAUSES
It is the duty of every employer to ensure the health and safety at work of all employees. It is the duty of every employer and every self employed person to conduct his undertaking in such a way as to ensure that persons not in his employment are not exposed of risks to their health and safety.
It is the duty of every employee while at work to take reasonable care for the health and safety of him self and of other persons and to cooperate with his employer on matters concerning safety.
TO GIVE SUBSTANCE TO THESE METHODS, AN EMPLOYER IS REQUIRED SPECIFICALLY:
Distribute written statements of health and safety to all employees

Provide and maintain plant and systems. make arrangements for ensuring safety and absence of risk of health.
Provide information, instruction , supervision and training to ensure health and safety at work of all employees.
Consult with employee representative and committees on matter concerning health and safety.
Establish safety committees if required by safety representatives.
CASE STUDY
Dave Hogan is an electrician in his factory. One day he arrived at work for maintenance work in an electrical switch room. He was reconnecting some wiring in the switch room. He had to gain access to an area that was between two metal cabinets. The gap was a little wider than his arm. With no warning whatsoever there was a very loud bang from the place where his hand was. This was followed instantly by a very bright flash of light. In the split second before he closed his eyes, He was instantly blown backwards onto the concrete floor by the force of the explosion. The pain from his hand and face was unforgettable. It was an indescribable level of pain, beyond understanding. The sight in my eyes returned but the burning pain from my hand and face continued. My left hand was now as black as charcoal. Black all over, my fingers, my fingernails, my palm and the back of my hand, all jet black.
By workmates take me to the hospital. When he arrived at hospital after about 20 minutes in the car and he began the treatment straight away. He first cut off his overalls and jumper. He then cut his wedding ring from the burnt hand. He covered his hand and face with antiseptic cream and then he applied an ice pack to his hand. His burnt hand was still jet black and he remember how wrinkled the skin looked.
He asked those around him about his face, but all they said was it would be ok and I wasnt to worry. He knew his left eyebrow was burnt off as well as the hair from the left side of his head, but they just said dont worry it would be all right. The time at the surgery was the worst of it. & for my family it was a hard time as well. In hospital the treatment was painkillers, antiseptic cream and regular changes of the bandages. Then after about two days, they sent me to the burns unit at St Jamess in Dublin. During this time the pain just kept on cutting in and cutting out, lessening and intensifying, getting better then worse, it was a nightmare. .
The doctor said she was going to cut the skin off my hand. So I started to watch and saw her lift off the skin with a pair of tweezers. The skin came away so easily. It was like lifting a piece of tissue paper off a marble table top. I stopped watching after she lifted the skin from the wrist to the knuckles in one piece. She put more antiseptic cream on and bandaged the hand again. I was then sent back to my regional hospital in an ambulance I was then sent home and I spent weeks on sick leave. Twice a week I went to my hospital to changes the bandages. I also had to go back to doctor to see if I needed a skin graft. The appearance of my left hand changed after I had the burnt skin removed. It was now red raw. It was like a piece of meat you would buy at the butchers with the skin taken off.
Those weeks at home were difficult for me and my family. I was eating packets and packets of painkillers. I had to go to counseling and still do occasionally. I was crying and upset. I was not pleasant company. My wife and two kids suffered as well. They knew I was not well and I knew I was not well. I became a different person. I was changed forever by that experience. It was a very hard time for me and my family and we all suffered. I still experience the trauma from time to time, in both a mental and physical sense.
COMPENSATION
Total employee costs 0

Total employer cost 132,712
125,000 Production loss

6,712 Salary costs of injured employee 1,000 Repair costs
QUESTIONS
1.
What is the main cause of accident? Describe the hand condition of employee after accident? How his pain came down? When he asked about his face what they said, who was around him?
2.
3.
4.
ANSWER # 1
He was reconnecting some wiring in the switch room. The wiring was in awkward spot to get at. He had to gain access to an area that was between two metal cabinets and the gap was very narrow between these cabinets. The gap was little narrow than his arms. So there he was reconnecting some wiring which was fiddly because of the poor access. With no warning there was a very loud bang from the place where my hand was. This was followed instantly by a very bright flash of light. In the split second before he closed his eyes, He was instantly blown backwards onto the concrete floor by the force of the explosion.
ANSWER # 2
When he looked at his left hand and saw an unforgettable and frightened sight. His left hand was now as black as charcoal. Black all over, his fingers, finger nails, palm and the back of his hand, all were jet black.
ANSWER # 3
When he arrived athospital after about 20 minutes in the car and he began the treatment straight away. He first cut off his overalls and jumper. He then cut his wedding ring from the burnt hand. He covered his hand and face with antiseptic cream and then he applied an ice pack to his hand. His burnt hand was still jet black and he remember how wrinkled the skin looked.
ANSWER # 5
He asked those around him about his face, but all they said was it would be ok and I wasnt to worry. He knew his left eyebrow was burnt off as well as the hair from the left side of his head, but they just said dont worry it would be all right.

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WORKPLACE SAFETY

Mir Sulman L1F11MBAE2070 Zunaira Aslam L1F11MBAE2052 Shumaila Anjum

SEVEN COMMON INJURIES

EFFECTS & CAUSES

LANT- a faulty stairway,

QUIPMENT- a defective guard,

NVIRONMENT- high noise, in

OSS- of life, of earnings, of

EOPLE- careless, un trained &

MOTION- following injury

YSTEM OF WORK- poor

RESPONSIBILITIES & ORGANIZATION FOR SAFETY

Senior executive level: direct responsibility for the

2. First line supervision level: the supervisor is

PLANNING FOR SAFETY

PLANNING FOR SAFETY

Define safety objective

Establish safety regulations

Identify problem areas

Prepare safety program

Prepare safety program: A program should be assigned to achieve established objectives.

SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

WORKPLACE INSPECTION SYSTEM

Hazop (design study)

safety sampling (random)

ACCIDENT, INVESTIGATIONS AND

Collecting data and information relating to incident.

Checking the validity of the evidence.

Selecting evidence relevant to investigation aims.

Report them to everyone concerned, to prevent a recurrence.

TYPES OF FOLLOW-UP TO ACCIDENT & THEIR EFFECTS

ACCIDENTS INVESTIGATED FREQUENTLY BY USING PEEPS METHOD TO INCLUDE:

Climatic, fumes, vapor, space, humidity, noise etc.

MONITOR WORKING CONDITIONS

From notes of Prof. Bilal Salman

Working Conditions (contd)

Noise & Vibration

From notes of Prof. Bilal Salman

SAFETY TRAINING CYCLE:

Implement &b monitor

Establish training organization

Prepare Programme & materials

Specify safety Training needs

Establish clear lines of responsibilities

HEALTH & SAFETY AT WORK

THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE ACT EMBODIED IN THREE CLAUSES

TO GIVE SUBSTANCE TO THESE METHODS, AN EMPLOYER IS REQUIRED SPECIFICALLY:

Distribute written statements of health and safety to all employees

Establish safety committees if required by safety representatives.

Total employee costs 0

125,000 Production loss

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