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    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK: ABB India Utilities - Automation Juliana/K Tickoo 1

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    santoshkumar
    The document discusses transformer overexcitation protection using an RALK relay. The RALK relay is a microprocessor-based time-overexcitation relay that measures the voltage-to-frequency (V/Hz) ratio to protect transformers from being overexcited. It has two adjustable measurement stages, various time delay settings, and start and trip indications. The RALK relay is tested by supplying variable voltage and frequency inputs to simulate different V/Hz ratios and verifying the relay's operation and output contacts.

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    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK: ABB India Utilities - Automation Juliana/K Tickoo 1

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    santoshkumar
    131 views17 pages
    The document discusses transformer overexcitation protection using an RALK relay. The RALK relay is a microprocessor-based time-overexcitation relay that measures the voltage-to-frequency (V/Hz) ratio to protect transformers from being overexcited. It has two adjustable measurement stages, various time delay settings, and start and trip indications. The RALK relay is tested by supplying variable voltage and frequency inputs to simulate different V/Hz ratios and verifying the relay's operation and output contacts.

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    RALK

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    The document discusses transformer overexcitation protection using an RALK relay. The RALK relay is a microprocessor-based time-overexcitation relay that measures the voltage-to-frequency (V/Hz) ratio to protect transformers from being overexcited. It has two adjustable measurement stages, various time delay settings, and start and trip indications. The RALK relay is tested by supplying variable voltage and frequency inputs to simulate different V/Hz ratios and verifying the relay's operation and output contacts.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    131 views17 pages

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK: ABB India Utilities - Automation Juliana/K Tickoo 1

    Uploaded by

    santoshkumar
    The document discusses transformer overexcitation protection using an RALK relay. The RALK relay is a microprocessor-based time-overexcitation relay that measures the voltage-to-frequency (V/Hz) ratio to protect transformers from being overexcited. It has two adjustable measurement stages, various time delay settings, and start and trip indications. The RALK relay is tested by supplying variable voltage and frequency inputs to simulate different V/Hz ratios and verifying the relay's operation and output contacts.

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    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 1

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK Overexcitation Protection - RALK


    Overexcited transformers become overheated and damaged. V/Hz overexcitation relay is required for transformers which may be operated at too high voltage or low frequency. Especially GT can be overexcited during acceleration and deceleration of turbine. Ratio should not exceed 1.1 times the ratio of rated voltage and frequency of the transformer. RALK is a single phase overexcitation with measuring relay RXLK2H.

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 2

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK CAUSES FOR OVER EXCITATION:


    1. DUE TO RUN-UP OR RUN DOWN OF THE GENERATOR TO WHICH THE TRANSFORMER IS CONNECTED. 2. LOAD SHEDDING IN SYSTEMS SUPPLIED BY OVER HEAD LINES OR CABLES,CAN CAUSE EXCESSIVE VOLTAGE RISES WHICH RESULTS IN OVER EXCITATION.

    EFFECTS OF OVER EXCITATION:


    1. CAUSES TREMENDOUS HEATING OF THE CORE OF THE TRANSFORMER 2. HYSTERYSIS AND EDDY CURRENT LOSSES INCREASES DUE TO

    INCREASE IN FLUX

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 3

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK FEATURES OF RALK


    THIS IS A MICRO-PROCESSOR BASED TIME-OVEREXCITATION RELAY
    WITH CONTINUOUS SETTINGS FOR OPERATE VALUES AND TIME

    DELAYS.
    WIDE SETTING RANGE , 0.2 TO 9.6 V/HZ TWO MEASURING STAGES SETTABLE (1-3) SCALE CONSTANT Ue INDEPENDENT OF EACH OTHER STAGE 1 IS PROGRAMMABLE FOR 5 DIFFERENT INVERSE TIME CHARACTERISTICS AND DEFINITE TIME DELAY SETTABLE 1-200 MIN

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 4

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK

    FEATURES OF RALK

    STAGE- 2 IS DEFINITE TIME DELAYED 0.1-20 S

    START AND TRIP INDICATIONS ARE OBTAINED BY MEANS OF LED INDICATORS ASSEMBLIES ARE AVAILABLE WITH OR WITHOUT TEST SWITCH AND ALSO WITH HEAVY DUTY TRIP CONTACTS

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 5

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK DESIGN

    RXLK 2H
    (SE970112) (SE970124)

    RTXP18-Test switch

    DC-DC Converter

    RXLK 2H TRIP RELAY

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 6

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK DESIGN


    Test Switch is a part of the COMBITEST testing system.A complete secondary testing of the protection can be performed by using test-plug handle RTXH18 connected to a test switch Test switch simplifies commissioning and routine testing of the protective relay DC-DC converter converts the applied battery voltage to an alternating voltage which is then transformed, rectified, smoothed and regulated to 24/18/12 V Dc and thus auxiliary voltage is adopted to the measuring relays -which also contributes to the suppression of any transients occurring in aux. voltage. -output voltage is monitored by built in aux. relay which indicates loss of aux. voltage.

    -yellow-led which lights up when the convertor is in operation.

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 7

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK DESIGN


    The volt-per-Hertz relays RXLK 2H

    Consists mainly of two voltage-per-Hertz stages;V/Hz 1 and V/Hz 2.


    The relay consists mainly an input transformer for voltage adaptation and isolation

    Filter circuits
    digital-analog converter Microprocessor

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 8

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK DESIGN MMI consisting of a programming switch and potentiometers for
    setting

    LEDs for start,trip and in service indications And three output relays each with change over contact, for the start
    and trip functions of stage-1 and for the trip function of stage-2 respectively. Tripping relay used is a auxiliary relay with or without flag indication and with changeover contacts.

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 9

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK Functional Description

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 10

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK


    Transformer Circuit :Converts the input voltage to a level suitable for the voltage measurement circuit. Filter Circuit:Output of transformer is filtered by a low pass filter with a cut off frequency of 180 Hz. A/D Circuit:A/D circuit converts the analogue signals to digital .The voltage ois rectified before it is sampled with a frequency tracked sample rate of 16 samples per cycle with a maximum sample rate of 1000 samples per second. Processing Circuitry:The input signals are processed and V/Hz value is calculated from the moving average values of the voltage and the frequency.The calculated value is compared to the set operate values of the V/Hz stage-1 and stage-2. The start functions are activated when the measured value reaches the set operate value for stage one or two. Stage-1 can be set a IDMT or DT while stage-2 can be set as DT only.

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 11

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK

    EXAMPLE SETTING CALCULATION: Rated generator voltage = 15KV,50 Hz PT ratio = 16kv/110 v Rated generator secondary voltage = 15K(110/16K) = 103 V

    Relay connected to line to line voltage = 103 volts


    Rated generator V/Hz on secondary side = 103/50 = 2.06 V/Hz

    Let us say max permissible continuous overexcitation limit is 105%


    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 12

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK SETTING CALCULATIONS: With this max. limit select a setting 104% of rated generator V/Hz U/ fset = 2.06 1.04 = 2.14 V/Hz Settings on the relay:Ur = 100/200 V(Relay rating) Let us take Ur =200 Volts Ue=0.01 Ur ( +0.2) where can be set on the relay and its value can be 0.2-1.4 Let =0.8 Ue=2 V/Hz=Ue (1.3); Hence Stage 1 knob setting for V/Hz on the relay=1.07

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 13

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK TESTING OF RALK Test set up: Voltage i/p - 107:324 & 325 DC circuit - 101:116 & 118 and output contacts (Refer ckt. drg.for output contacts)

    Test Kit (V/f) Source

    107 : 323 325

    Dc Source

    101 : 116 118

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 14

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK TESTING PROCEDURE

    1. Connect the rated DC voltage to the relay under test at the marked DC terminals as per the connection diagram 2. Connect the ac input to the relay at the terminals marked as per the connection diagram from the variable V/Hz source. 3. Make the V/Hz settings on the relay as per the calculation(ex.1.07) 4. Now keep the frequency constant say 50 Hz and vary the voltage such that the desired ratio is obtained and vice-versa

    5. Check for the tripping time and also the indications on the relay & for the output and binary input contacts.
    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 15

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK


    Troubleshooting :
    1. In case of RALK verify the DC at the correct terminals as mentioned +ve : 114 -ve : 116 Neutral(0v) : 115 Please note that sometimes due to wrong connection of DC auxillary voltage may result into the Continuous Heating up of the relay which may further result into the burning of Partcular module

    2. Depending on the V/f ratio as per setting, verify that the relay is connected for correct Voltage terminal or not: Terminal 323 : 200 V Terminal 324 : 100V Terminal 325 : 0 V

    Note : Frequency of the system is Known to You Normally 50 Hz so it is the value(Further connection at Relay base) which is going to govern the exact settings set on the relay.

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 16

    Transformer Overexcitation Protection-RALK

    ABB India Utilities - Automation JULIANA/K TICKOO 17

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