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    Sex-Linked Traits

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    Rohini Gagroo
    Sex-linked traits are determined by genes on the X or Y chromosome. The father determines the sex of offspring since sperm carry either an X or Y chromosome. Hemophilia and colorblindness are examples of sex-linked recessive traits that are more common in males, as males only need one recessive allele versus females needing two to show the trait. Crossing diagrams are used to determine possible offspring genotypes and phenotypes from parents with sex-linked traits.

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    Sex-Linked Traits

    Uploaded by

    Rohini Gagroo
    211 views36 pages
    Sex-linked traits are determined by genes on the X or Y chromosome. The father determines the sex of offspring since sperm carry either an X or Y chromosome. Hemophilia and colorblindness are examples of sex-linked recessive traits that are more common in males, as males only need one recessive allele versus females needing two to show the trait. Crossing diagrams are used to determine possible offspring genotypes and phenotypes from parents with sex-linked traits.

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    Genetics

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    Sex-linked traits are determined by genes on the X or Y chromosome. The father determines the sex of offspring since sperm carry either an X or Y chromosome. Hemophilia and colorblindness are examples of sex-linked recessive traits that are more common in males, as males only need one recessive allele versus females needing two to show the trait. Crossing diagrams are used to determine possible offspring genotypes and phenotypes from parents with sex-linked traits.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    211 views36 pages

    Sex-Linked Traits

    Uploaded by

    Rohini Gagroo
    Sex-linked traits are determined by genes on the X or Y chromosome. The father determines the sex of offspring since sperm carry either an X or Y chromosome. Hemophilia and colorblindness are examples of sex-linked recessive traits that are more common in males, as males only need one recessive allele versus females needing two to show the trait. Crossing diagrams are used to determine possible offspring genotypes and phenotypes from parents with sex-linked traits.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    CHAPTER 14 NOTES SEX-LINKED TRAITS

    Karyotype: a picture of chromosomes.

    Autosomes: the first 22 homologous pairs of chromosomes. Autosomes are the same for both males and females.

    Sex chromosomes: determines the sex of the individual. The sex chromosomes are the 23rd pair of chromosomes.

    XX = female

    XY = male

    Which parent determines the sex of an offspring?

    DAD

    Why? All moms have the genotype XX. When egg cells are made, they will all carry a single X chromosome.

    All dads have the genotype XY. When sperm cells are made, 50% will have an X chromosome and 50% will have a Y chromosome. Therefore, males and females are born in roughly a 50:50 ratio.

    SEX-LINKED TRAITS: those traits that are controlled by genes on the X or Y chromosomes.
    NOTE: The Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome and only contains a few genes. Most sex-linked traits are on the X chromosome.

    In humans, hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. Having hemophilia is recessive (Xh) to being normal (XH). The heterozygous female is called a carrier. Cross a carrier female with a normal male.
    XHXh X _____

    In humans, hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. Having hemophilia is recessive (Xh) to being normal (XH). The heterozygous female is called a carrier. Cross a carrier female with a normal male.
    XH Xh X XH Y

    H X

    h X

    H X

    H X

    h X

    H X

    H H X X

    H X

    h X

    H X

    H H X X

    H h X X

    H X

    h X

    H X

    H H X X
    H X Y

    H h X X

    H X

    h X

    H X

    H H X X
    H X Y

    H h X X
    h XY

    Genotypic ratio: 1 XHXH :1XHXh :1XHY :1XhY Phenotypic ratio: 2 normal females: 1normal male: 1 male with hemophilia

    Cross a carrier female with a male with hemophilia.


    XHXh X _____

    Cross a carrier female with a male with hemophilia.


    XHXh X XhY

    H X

    h X

    h X

    H X

    h X

    h X

    H h X X

    H X

    h X

    h X

    H h X X

    h h XX

    H X

    h X

    h X

    H h X X
    H X Y

    h h XX

    H X

    h X

    h X

    H h X X
    H X Y

    h h XX
    h XY

    Genotypic ratio: 1 XHXh :1XhXh :1XHY :1XhY Phenotypic ratio: 1 normal female: 1 female with hemophilia:1 normal male: 1 male with hemophilia

    In humans, red-green colorblindness is a sexlinked trait. People with red-green colorblindness can not tell the difference between red and green. Colorblindness is the result of a recessive allele. Cross a female with colorblindness with a male with normal vision. XnXn X _____

    In humans, red-green colorblindness is a sexlinked trait. People with red-green colorblindness can not tell the difference between red and green. Colorblindness is the result of a recessive allele. Cross a female with colorblindness with a male with normal vision. X nX n X X N Y

    n X

    n X

    N X

    n X

    n X

    N X

    N n X X

    n X

    n X

    N X

    N n X X

    N n X X

    n X

    n X

    N X

    N n X X
    n XY

    N n X X

    n X

    n X

    N X

    N n X X
    n XY

    N n X X
    n XY

    Genotypic ratio: 2 XNXn : 2 XnY Phenotypic ratio: 2 normal females: 2 males with colorblindness

    Why are sex-linked traits more common in males than in females? Because a male only has to inherit ONE recessive allele in order to get a sex-linked trait and a female has to inherit TWO recessive alleles in order to acquire the sex-linked trait.

    It is easier to inherit one recessive allele than two. If the female only inherits one recessive allele, then they are a carrier but have the normal phenotype.

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