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    Exploring Displaying

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    shivakumar N
    This document discusses various techniques for exploring, displaying, and examining data, including: - Exploratory data analysis, where the data guide the analysis, and confirmatory data analysis, which uses statistical inference. - Techniques like frequency tables, histograms, stem-and-leaf displays, boxplots, and crosstabulation of variables to display and examine distributions. - Statistical process control uses tools like control charts to analyze, monitor, and improve processes. Control charts display measurements with center lines and control limits.

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    Exploring Displaying

    Uploaded by

    shivakumar N
    238 views13 pages
    This document discusses various techniques for exploring, displaying, and examining data, including: - Exploratory data analysis, where the data guide the analysis, and confirmatory data analysis, which uses statistical inference. - Techniques like frequency tables, histograms, stem-and-leaf displays, boxplots, and crosstabulation of variables to display and examine distributions. - Statistical process control uses tools like control charts to analyze, monitor, and improve processes. Control charts display measurements with center lines and control limits.

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    This document discusses various techniques for exploring, displaying, and examining data, including: - Exploratory data analysis, where the data guide the analysis, and confirmatory data analysis, which uses statistical inference. - Techniques like frequency tables, histograms, stem-and-leaf displays, boxplots, and crosstabulation of variables to display and examine distributions. - Statistical process control uses tools like control charts to analyze, monitor, and improve processes. Control charts display measurements with center lines and control limits.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    238 views13 pages

    Exploring Displaying

    Uploaded by

    shivakumar N
    This document discusses various techniques for exploring, displaying, and examining data, including: - Exploratory data analysis, where the data guide the analysis, and confirmatory data analysis, which uses statistical inference. - Techniques like frequency tables, histograms, stem-and-leaf displays, boxplots, and crosstabulation of variables to display and examine distributions. - Statistical process control uses tools like control charts to analyze, monitor, and improve processes. Control charts display measurements with center lines and control limits.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 13

    EXPLORING,

    DISPLAYING, AND
    EXAMINING DATA

    1
    Types of Data Analysis
    • Exploratory data analysis
    • the data guide the choice of analysis--or a
    revision of the planned analysis
    • Confirmatory data analysis
    • closer to classical statistical inference in its
    use of significance and confidence
    • may use information from a closely related
    data set or by validating findings through the
    gathering and analyzing of new data
    2
    Techniques to Display
    and Examine Distributions
     Frequency Table
     Visual Displays

    • Histograms
    • Stem-and-leaf display
    • Box-plot
     Crosstabulation of Variables

    3
    Techniques to Display
    and Examine Distributions
     Histograms

    • Display all intervals in a distribution, even


    without observed values
    • Examine the shape of the distribution for
    skewness, kurtosis, and the modal pattern

    4
    Techniques to Display
    and Examine Distributions (cont.)

     Box-plot (box and whisker-plot)


    • Rectangular plot encompasses 50% of the
    data values
    • Edges of the box (hinges)
    • Center line through the width of the box
    marks the median
    • Whiskers extend from the right and left
    hinges to the largest and smallest values

    5
    Techniques to Display
    and Examine Distributions (cont.)

     Transformation

    • To improve interpretation and compatibility


    with other data sets
    • To enhance symmetry and stabilize
    spread
    • To improve linear relationships between
    and among variables

    6
    Improvement & Control Analysis
     Statistical process control
    • Uses statistical tools to analyze, monitor, and
    improve process performance
    • Total Quality Management
    • Control chart
    • Displays sequential measurements of a process
    together with a center line and control limits
    • Upper control limit
    • Lower control limit
    7
    Types of Control Charts
     Variables data
    (ratio or interval measurements)
    • X-bar
    • R-charts
    • s-charts
    • Pareto Diagrams
    • Bar chart whose percentages sum to 100 percent

    8
    Geographic Information Systems
     Systems of hardware, software, and
    procedures that capture, store,
    manipulate, integrate, and display
    spatially-referenced data

    9
    Geographic Information Systems
     Minimum four components
    • Integrating information from various sources
    • Capturing data
    • Projection and restructuring
    • Modeling

    10
    Crosstabulation
    A technique for comparing two
    classification variables
    –Cells
    –Marginals
    –Contingency tables

    11
    Percentaging Errors
     Averaging percentages without weighting
     Using too-large percentages (>100%)

     Using percentage with very small sample

     Citing percentage decrease exceeding


    100 percent

    12
    Other Table-based Analysis
     Automatic Interaction Detection (AID)
    • Sequential partitioning procedure that uses a
    dependent variable and set of predictors
    • Searches among up to 300 variables for the
    best single division of data into subsets
    according to each predictor variable,
    • Chooses one division approach
    • Splits the sample using chi-square tests to
    create multi-way splits.

    13

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