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    Introduction To Corrosion

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    akhilsyam21
    Corrosion is the degradation of materials due to interaction with their environment. It is an important issue economically and for safety. There are many types of corrosion including uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and microbiologically induced corrosion. Proper material selection, coatings, and environmental control can help prevent corrosion from occurring.

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    Introduction To Corrosion

    Uploaded by

    akhilsyam21
    118 views35 pages
    Corrosion is the degradation of materials due to interaction with their environment. It is an important issue economically and for safety. There are many types of corrosion including uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and microbiologically induced corrosion. Proper material selection, coatings, and environmental control can help prevent corrosion from occurring.

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    Corrosion

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    Introduction to Corrosion

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    Corrosion is the degradation of materials due to interaction with their environment. It is an important issue economically and for safety. There are many types of corrosion including uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and microbiologically induced corrosion. Proper material selection, coatings, and environmental control can help prevent corrosion from occurring.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    118 views35 pages

    Introduction To Corrosion

    Uploaded by

    akhilsyam21
    Corrosion is the degradation of materials due to interaction with their environment. It is an important issue economically and for safety. There are many types of corrosion including uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and microbiologically induced corrosion. Proper material selection, coatings, and environmental control can help prevent corrosion from occurring.

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    CORROSION &

    Corrosion Types
    illustration of essential corrosion basics

    some important

    Topics
    Definition of corrosion Why corrosion is Important Corrosion Electrochemistry Corrosive Environments Types of corrosion Corrosion Control Techniques

    Definition of Corrosion
    In broad terms, the interaction between a material and its environment that results in a degradation of the physical, mechanical, or even esthetic properties of that material. More specifically, corrosion is usually associated with a change in the oxidation state of a metal, oxide, or semiconductor

    Why Corrosion is Important

    Economics

    Safety
    Conservations

    Economics of Corrosion

    The cost of corrosion in the industrial countries has been estimated to be on the order of 4% of the gross national product
    Direct Losses

    Replacement of structures or components

    Protection against corrosion

    Economics of Corrosion
    Indirect Losses

    Cost of shutdown

    Contamination

    Loss of product or efficiency

    Economics of Corrosion
    Source of corrosion-resistant metals

    Much of the chromium being used is considered irreplaceable

    Engineering systems for service environments require materials that are chemically stable or that can be made chemically stable

    Corrosion of metals
    CORROSION Of coatings & linings

    Of metals
    Of polymers, ceramics, etc ...
    ... Is probably the commonest electrochemical phenomenon encountered in day-to-day life ... or : ... METALLURGY IN REVERSE ...

    Metal (in-)stability : Origin of Electrode Potential E

    METAL

    M atom

    M n+ ion

    ne Electrons

    Nernst : E = E0 + RT/nF * ln [ aox / ared ]

    Corrosion mechanism

    Fe +
    Corrosive environment

    2+ Fe

    +2

    anodic (oxidation) reaction

    Reduction reactions
    Depending on the nature & components of the environment : acid environment :

    2H+ + 2e alkaline or neutral environment :

    H2

    O2 + 2H2O + 4e-

    4OH-

    Thermodynamics: E-pH Diagrams

    Pourbaix diagrams

    Effect of pH
    Magnetite (for example) Low pH no oxides form High pH porous Fe(OH)3.xH2O forms pH 10-12 ideal range for carbon steel Different metals require different conditions for uniform corrosion pH is controlled to control uniform corrosion

    Kinetics

    Polarization curves

    Passivating metal

    Corrosion Types
    Corrosion Types Uniform corrosion

    Galvanic corrosion

    Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)

    Intergranular

    Transgranular

    Pitting

    Crevice Corrosion

    Microbiological Corrosion

    General (uniform) corrosion


    Rusting

    Wastage
    White

    Rust

    General (uniform) corrosion


    Can be a good or a bad thing Corrosion occurs evenly over the surface

    Oxide layers can be very tough


    Magnetite Fe3O4

    Galvanic corrosion
    Corrosion between a noble and less noble metal in the presence of an aggressive medium The more electropositive = cathode, the least electropositive = anode

    Galvanic corrosion

    (2)

    Selective Leaching (Dealloying)

    Bimetallic Corrosion

    (Oxygen) Concentration Cell

    IGA & Sensitization

    Mechanisms ...
    Weld Decay /

    Sensitization & Weld Decay

    Mechanism : Cr23C6

    Pitting corrosion
    Caused

    by Chlorides (halides) Passive metals & alloys = susceptible

    Mechanism

    Crevice corrosion

    Accelerated corrosion in a narrow crevice between two parts of a component, ...one of which is made from a metal ...

    Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)


    (Sudden) fracture of a metal upon exposure to a corrosive environment
    Intergranular

    ... Transgranular ...

    Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking (IGSCC)

    Mechanisms

    Transgranular Stress Corrosion Cracking (TGSCC)

    Mechanism (theories)

    Corrosion Fatigue

    Corrosion Fatigue (2)

    Erosion-corrosion

    MIC - Microbiologically
    Induced Corrosion

    Various ways :
    - SRBs - Iron-oxidizing - Etc , etc

    High-Temperature Corrosion

    Oxidation Sulfidation Carburization


    .

    Atmospheric Corrosion

    How to avoid corrosion ?...


    Design Material selection Coatings Changing the environment ...

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