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    01 Lecture Human Organism

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    01 Lecture Human Organism

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    01 Lecture Human Organism (2)

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    01 Lecture Human Organism (2)

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    01 Lecture Human Organism (2)

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    106 views26 pages

    01 Lecture Human Organism

    Uploaded by

    alyssa_marie_ke
    01 Lecture Human Organism (2)

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Chapter 1

    The Human Organism

    Cells of the Peritoneum

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Anatomy and Physiology Say What?!


    Anatomy : study of structures of body
    Systemic - study of body by organ systems Regional - study of body by areas Surface - uses superficial structures to locate deeper structures

    Physiology : study of processes and functions of body

    Structural & Functional Organization


    Six Levels of Organization
    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Chemical Level Cell Level Tissue Level Organ Level Organ System Level Organism Level

    Structural and Functional Organization


    1. Chemical Level Atoms (p,n,e) combine to form molecules 2. Cell Level Molecules form organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, which make up cells 3. Tissue Level Similar cells and surrounding materials make up tissues

    Structural and Functional Organization


    1. Chemical Level Atoms (colored balls) combine to form molecules 2. Cell Level Molecules form organelles (nucleus,mitochondria, etc), which make up cells 3. Tissue Level Similar cells and surrounding materials make up tissues

    Structural and Functional Organization


    1. Chemical Level Atoms (colored balls) combine to form molecules 2. Cell Level Molecules form organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, which make up cells 3. Tissue Level Similar cells and surrounding materials make up tissues

    Structural and Functional Organization


    4. Organ Level Different tissues combine to form organs (urinary bladder) 5. Organ System Level Organs such as the urinary bladder and kidneys make up an organ system 6. Organism Level Organ systems make up an organism

    Structural and Functional Organization


    4. Organ Level Different tissues combine to form organs, such as the urinary bladder 5. Organ System Level Organs (urinary bladder & kidneys) make up organ system 6. Organism Level Organ systems make up an organism

    Structural and Functional Organization


    4. Organ Level Different tissues combine to form organs, such as the urinary bladder 5. Organ System Level Organs such as the urinary bladder and kidneys make up an organ system 6. Organism Level Organ systems make up an organism

    Organ systems of the human body and their associated organs

    Fig. 1.3a

    Organ systems of the human body and their associated organs

    Fig. 1.3b

    Characteristics of Life
    1. Organization: all parts of organism interact to 2. 3.
    perform specific functions Metabolism: chemical & physical changes taking place in organism Responsiveness: adjustments that maintain internal environment Growth: increase in size of all/part of organism
    through time

    4. 5. Development: changes organism undergoes


    organisms

    6. Reproduction: formation of new cells or new

    Homeostasis
    Existence and maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment
    set point: ideal normal value (body temp)
    normal range: fluctuation around set point

    Homeostasis
    maintained by neg & pos feedback mechanisms
    Negative feedback turns off the original stimulus
    Positive feedback enhances and upregulates the initial stimulus (often harmful to the body)

    http://

    glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter46/positive_and_negative_feedback.html

    http://highered.m cgrawhill.com/sites/007 2495855/student _view0/chapter20 /animation__posit ive_and_negative _feedback__quiz _1_.html

    http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter2/animation__feedback_inh

    Terminology and Body Plane


    Body Positions
    Anatomical position
    human standing erect face directed forward arms hanging to sides palms facing forward (supine)

    If laying down..
    Supine palms face up Prone palms face down

    Terminology and Body Plane


    Directional terms
    Always refer to anatomical position
    Right Left Superior Inferior Cephalic Caudal Anterior Posterior Ventral Dorsal Proximal Distal Lateral Medial Superficial Deep

    Body Parts & Regions

    Fig. 1.11

    Body Parts & Regions

    Fig. 1.12

    Body Planes
    Sagittal plane: divides body into left and right Transverse plane: divides body into superior and inferior Frontal (coronal) plane: divides body into anterior and posterior

    Fig. 1.13

    Organ Planes
    Longitudinal section: along its long axis Cross (transverse) section: right angle to long axis Oblique section: across long axis at an angle other than a right angle

    Fig. 1.14

    Body Cavities
    Thoracic cavity: bounded by ribs and diaphragm Abdominal cavity: bounded by diaphragm and abdominal muscles Pelvic cavity: surrounded by pelvic bones

    Fig. 1.15

    Serous Membranes
    Parietal membrane: lines wall of cavity Visceral membrane: is in contact with internal organs Serous fluid: secreted by serous membrane and protects organs against friction

    Serous Membranes
    Pericardial cavity: surrounds the heart

    Pleural cavities: surround the lungs

    Serous Membranes
    Peritoneal cavity: surrounds certain abdominal and pelvic organs
    Mesenteries hold abdominal organs in place & provide a passageway for blood vessels, nerves to organs Retroperitoneal organs located behind parietal peritoneum
    Kidneys, adrenals, pancreas, bladder, part of intestine

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