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Introduction To RBI

Risk based inspection (RBI) is a process that assesses and manages risk from pressure equipment failures by considering the probability and consequences of failures. RBI produces inspection and maintenance plans that prioritize actions to reduce risk based on factors that influence risk. It aims to improve cost effectiveness and safety by shifting resources to higher risk equipment identified through qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative risk analysis methods.

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486 views18 pages

Introduction To RBI

Risk based inspection (RBI) is a process that assesses and manages risk from pressure equipment failures by considering the probability and consequences of failures. RBI produces inspection and maintenance plans that prioritize actions to reduce risk based on factors that influence risk. It aims to improve cost effectiveness and safety by shifting resources to higher risk equipment identified through qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative risk analysis methods.

Uploaded by

Michelle Mc Intyre
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO RISK BASED INSPECTION

WHAT IS RISK?
Risk may be characterized as the product of probability of a given failure event (likelihood of failure, LOF) and the consequences of that event if it were to occur (COF). Risk = COF x LOF The consequences of failure can be expressed in terms of the physical damages, production delays or shortfalls, casualties, or the monetary equivalents of these items.

RISK BASED INSPECTION

Risk Based Inspection1 (RBI) is a risk assessment and management process that is focused on loss of containment of pressurized equipment in processing facilities, due to material deterioration. These risks are managed primarily through equipment inspection. RBI can be used to continuously improve the inspection of facilities and systematically reduce the risk associated with pressure boundary failures. It offers the added advantage of identifying gaps or shortcomings in the effectiveness of commercially available inspection technologies and applications.

[1] API Recommended Practice 580 Risk Based Inspection, pg. 6.

RISK BASED INSPECTION


RBI

produces Inspection and Maintenance Plans for equipment that identifies the actions that should be implemented to provide reliable and safe operation. factoring risk into inspection and maintenance decision making, the RBI process is focused on maintaining the mechanical integrity of pressure equipment items and minimizing the risk of loss of containment due to material deterioration.

By

RISK BASED INSPECTION


LIKELIHOOD OF EVENT CONSEQUENCE OF EVENT

RISK

IDENTIFY AND QUANTIFY THE RISK:


Risks considered are: * * * Safety Environmental Business

The inspection is planned to reduce the risk based on the factors creating the risk.

Why Do We Need RBI?


Most inspection codes/standards based on LOF, not COF Reduce risk of high consequence failures Improve the cost effectiveness of inspection and maintenance resources Provide a basis for shifting resources from lower to higher risk equipment Measure and understand the risks associated with current inspection programs Measure risk reduction as a result of inspection practices

QUANTIFYING INSPECTABLE RISK


RISK

LIKELIHOOD OF EVENT
Generic Failure Frequency Damage Factor

CONSEQUENCE
Injury ($) Env. clean up ($) Item repair ($)

Age

Damage Mechanism(s) & Rates

Inspection Effectiveness

Adjacent repairs ($)


Downtime ($) TOTAL ($)

Un-Inspectable Contributors to Risk


Human error Natural disasters External events (e.g. collisions or falling objects) Secondary effects from nearby units Deliberate acts (e.g. sabotage) Inherent risk in handling hazardous materials Inspection method detectability

Management of Risk using RBI

Risk with typical inspection program RISK Risk using RBI Un-inspectable risk Level of Inspection Activity

TYPES OF RBI ANALYSIS

Level 0

Level I Level II Level III

Qualitative Risk Analysis Simple, Brief Prioritization of Plants, Units or Sub Units Qualitative Risk Analysis Simple, Brief Prioritization of Equipment Semi-Quantitative Risk Analysis More Detailed Prioritization of Equipment Quantitative Risk Analysis Most in Depth Analysis and Prioritization of Equipment

QUALITATIVE APPROACH TO RBI

This approach requires data inputs based on descriptive information using engineering judgment and experience as the basis for the analysis of probability and consequence of failure. Inputs are often given in data ranges instead of discrete values. Results are typically given in qualitative terms such as high, medium and low, or low numerical values may be associated with these categories.

SEMI-QUANTITATIVE RISK MATRIX LEVEL II

5 LIKELIHOOD CATEGORY 4 3 2 1

Medium-High Risk

High High Risk Risk

Med . High Risk

Medium Risk Medium Risk Low Risk A B C D E

CONSEQUENCE CATEGORY

QUANTITATIVE RISK BASED INSPECTION


PSM / PHA ASSESSMENTS PROCESS CONDITIONS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT EVALUATION INSPECTION PROGRAM

GENERIC EQUIPMENT FAILURE DATA BASE

PLANT EQUIPMENT DATA FILE


CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS

PROBABILITY OF FAILURE ANALYSIS

RISK PRIORITIZATION
CONSEQUENCE MITIGATION INSPECTION PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS

PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENTS

RELATIONSHIP WITH API INSPECTION CODES AND STANDARDS


API-RP

580 Risk Based Inspection

Recommended Practice is integrated with:

API-510 Pressure Vessel Inspection Code

API-570 In-Service Piping Inspection Code


API-653 Storage Tank Inspection Standard

RBI Covers
Pressure Vessels all pressure containing components Process Piping pipe and piping components Storage Tanks atmospheric and pressurized Rotating Equipment pressure containing components Boilers & Heaters pressurized components Heat Exchangers (shells, heads, channels and bundles) Pressure Relief Devices

RBI Does Not Cover


Instrument & Control systems Structural systems Electrical systems Machinery components (except pump and compressor casings)

Cause of Failures

WHERE INSPECTION CAN HELP 50


40 30 20 10 0 Mech. Fail.
Percentage

Operator Process Unknown error upsets

Natural hazards

Design Sabotage/ errors arson

43

21

14

11

WHERE DOES RBI FIT INTO OUR CURRENT INSPECTION PRACTICES?


RISK REDUCTIONS RISK BASED PRIORITIZATION INSPECTION PLANNING

RECORDS UPDATING

INSPECTION EXECUTION

FITNESS FOR SERVICE

INSPECTION RESULTS

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