DATA PROCESSING

LECTURE 1
 OBJECTIVE
 What is data processing
 Basic Function of data processing
 Data storage hierarchy
 Data Structure
 Modes of data processing
 Application area for data processing
 DATA PROCESSING
 Data processing is defined as a series of
actions or operations, which convert data into
meaningful information.
 It include the resources such as people,
procedures and devices which are used to
accomplish the processing of data for
producing desirable output.
 BASIC FUNCTION OF DATA
PROCESSING
 Origination
 Data Capture
 Sorting
 Merging
 Calculating
 Summarizing
 Managing Output Results
 Storage
 Data storage hierarchy
DATABASE

Personal File Payroll File Account File

Record Record Record Record

01101100

0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
 DATA STRUCTURE
A data structure is a class of data that can be
characterized by its organization and the
operation defined on it.
 MODES OF DATA PROCESSING
 Batch Processing
 On – Line Processing
 Real Time Processing
 Distribute Data Processing
 BATCH PROCESSING

 This type of processing requires the data to be

initially grouped before it is processed serially ,
and the result obtained periodically

 It is the most appropriate method of processing

for many types of applications, such as payroll
or preparation of customer statements, where it
is not necessary to update information on daily
basis.
 On-Line Processing
 It is that type of processing where the result of
data processing transaction is available
immediately
 It also permits users to enter into a
conversation with the computer to send and
receive message within a fraction of second.
 For example Stock exchange, banking
 REAL TIME PROCESSING
 Data has to be processed in a small stipulated
time period (real time), otherwise it will create
problems for the system.
 The application area are air and ground traffic
control, automatic radar connected defence
and space program
 DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING

 It involves a computer system linked by a communication network where processing is performed

by separate computers
 This form is most convenient for organizations with many branch offices over great distances. Each
branch stores data elements relating to its daily operations t its own site
 A typical applications is in bank where all the branches have intelligent terminals linked to a big
computer at the head office. Data from the braches is sent to master where it is processed
 APPLICATION AREA FOR DATA
PROCESSING
Inventory control system
 It refers to the buffer stock of items being maintained
by the organization
 The main objective of computerized inventory control
system to minimize the loss of business due to non-
availability of required materials.

 Activities involve in computerized inventory control

system are material planning, material requisitioning,
material receipt and inspection, material storage etc.
 COMPUTERISED FINANCIAL
ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
 Financial accounting is an art of recording and
processing all transactions within organization.
It results in preparation of the annual profit
and loss account as well as balance sheet for
the organization.
 The main objective of Computerized Financial
Accounting System is that calculation should
be more accurate and Reports can be supplied
faster and frequently
COMPUTERISED PAYROLLSYSTEM

 Payroll system is concerned with accurate and

timely computation of compensation to each
individual employee.
 The main objective of Computerized Payroll System is to produce output like pay
slips, income tax statement, provident fund statement
 COMPUTERISED INVOICING
SYSTEM
 Invoicing is part of a larger system, namely
sales order processing and invoicing system
 The major activities are receipt of custom
order, validation of custom order, processing
of custom order, invoice generation
 WHAT IS SDLC
The period of time that begins when a system is
conceived and ends when a system is fully
operational for use and gets maintained is
called SDLC
 PHASES OF SDLC
Feasibility Study

Maintenance
System
Analysis

Implementation
SDLC
System Design

Testing

Development
(coding)
 SDLC PHASES
Feasibility Study
1. It is the first phase in development of a
new system.
2.This phase starts when the user face a problem in the
current system manual or already computerized and
submits a formal request to the software
development company either for a new system or for
modifying the current system
3. After receiving the request, the overall in charge of
software development team, System Analyst begins
the preliminary investigation to determine whether
the system requested is feasible to develop or not
 SDLC PHASES
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
1.This phase includes studying of existing system in details
and collecting data in order to find out the requirements of
the users. It is a detailed study of the various operations
performed by a system.
2. A key question :
WHAT MUST BE DONE TO SOLVE THE
PROBLEM ?
3. DFD, interviews and questionnaires are activities involve in
analysis. The interview is a commonly used tool in analysis.

4. The analyst has a firm understanding of what is to be done

 SDLC PHASES
SYSTEM DESIGN
1.After collecting and studying user’s requirements, the
system is designed.
2. The term design describes a final system and the
process by which it is developed. Design of the
system is largely the logical design.
3. This phase involves identification of input data,
output reports and the procedures to process the data .
 SDLC PHASES
Development of Software
1. In this phase the system is actually programmed.
Now the analyst should decide whether to buy a
commercial software or to develop new customized
programs with the help of programmers
2. It depend on the cost of software and the cost of
programming such software.
 SDLC PHASES
System Testing
1. It makes sure that the programs perform the
intended tasks . Once the system is designed it
should be test for validity.
2. During system testing the system is used
experimentally to ensure that the software does
not fail, i.e it will run according to its
specification and in the way users expect to it.
 SDLC PHASES
IMPLEMENTATION
1. This phase is less creative than system design. It is
primarily concerned with user training , site
preparation and file conversion. It is the final phase of
development.
2. In this phase, user actually starts using the system.
3. Implementation can be done in 2 ways . One
way is by implementing the new system along
with old system and make them run in parallel.
The other method is to replace the old system
 SDLC PHASES
MAINTENANCE
1. It is the process of incorporating changes in the
implemented existing system for proper utilization.
It involves
b) Enhancement -: Adding new functions or
capabilities to the system.
c) Adaptation -: It implies customizing the software to
run in the new environment.
d) Correction -: It implies correcting the bugs in the
existing software