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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Science

1.1 What is Science?
What is science?
Importance of science
Career in science
1.2 A Science Laboratory
Common laboratory apparatus
Safety hazards
1.3 The Steps in a Scientific Investigation
The steps in a scientific investigation
1.4 Physical Quantities and Their Units
Physical quantities and their units
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Science
1.5 Weight and Mass
Weight
Mass
1.6 Measuring Tools
Measuring length
Measuring area
Measuring volume
1.7 The Importance of Standard Units
The importance of standard units
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Science is the systematic
study of nature and how it
affects us and our
environment
Science covers a broad
field of knowledge that
deals with observed facts
and the relationship
among those facts
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Improve our standard of living
Improve the quality of the environment
Understand the world around us
Increase food supply
Prevention and treatment
of diseases
Importance of science
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Doctor
Architect
Engineer
Astronaut
Veterinarian
Pharmacist
Chemist
Computer
programmer
Career in science
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Areas of science are
biology, physics,
chemistry, astronomy,
geology, meteorology
and biochemistry
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Thermometer
Caliper
Stopwatch
Test tube
Crucible
Uses Apparatus
Common laboratory apparatus
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Heating chemicals
Used to contain chemicals
To measure time
To measure diameters
To measure temperature
BM Version
Syringe
Test tube holder
Glass slide
Cork and rubber
stopper
Evaporating
dish
Uses Apparatus
Common laboratory apparatus
1.2 A Science Laboratory
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Evaporating liquid from a solution
Hold specimen for observation
under a microscope
Hold test tubes
Transfer small quantities of liquids
Use as a stopper for test tubes or
conical flasks
BM Version
Corrosive
Harmful/irritant
Toxic/poisonous Radioactive
Explosive Highly flammable
Safety hazards
1.2 A Science Laboratory
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1.3 The Steps in a Scientific
Investigation
Determine
what to
find out
Form a
hypothesis
Plan a systematic
experiment for the
hypothesis
Controlling of
variables
Write down the
data that has
been observed
Analysing the
data that has
been collected
Interpreting
the data
Making
conclusion to
decide whether
the data is true
or not
Write a report
on the scientific
investigation
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1.4 Physical Quantities and
Their Units
A physical quantity is a quantity that can be
measured
Instrument SI unit Physical quantity
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Length () metre (m) Metre rule
Mass (m) kilogram (kg) Lever/beam
balance
Time (t) second (s) Stopwatch
Temperature (T) kelvin (K) Thermometer
Electric current (I) ampere (A) Ammeter
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0.000 000 000 001 p pico
0.000 000 001 n nano
0.000 001 micro
0.001 m milli
0.01 c centi
1 000 k kilo
1 000 000 M mega
1 000 000 000 G giga
Value Symbol Prefix
1.4 Physical Quantities and
Their Units
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1.5 Weight and Mass
The pull of the Earth on an object
The force that pulls the body towards
the centre of the Earth is called
gravitational force
SI unit is Newton (N)
The weight of an object
is not always the same
Weight
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A spring
balance
A compression
balance
Type of tools for measuring weight
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The quantity of matter in an object
The mass of an object is constant and
not affected by gravitational forces
SI unit is kilogram (kg)
The mass of an object does not
change
Mass
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A beam
balance
A lever balance
Type of tools for measuring mass
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Length is the distance between two points
Its SI unit is the metre (m)
Other units that can be used for length are
kilometre (km), centimetre (cm) and
millimetre (mm)
The relationship between the units of length
1 cm = 10 mm
1 m = 100 cm = 1 000 mm
1 km = 1 000 m = 100 000 cm
Measuring length
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Measuring the length
of a straight line
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Correct
Measuring the length
of a curve
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Measuring the external diameter
Measuring the internal diameter
Area is a measure of
the amount of a
surface. Its SI unit is
square metres (m
2
)
The area of regular
and irregular shapes
can be estimated by
tracing the shapes
onto a piece of graph
paper
Estimating the area
of a leaf
Measuring area
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Volume is a measure
of the space
occupied by a
substances
Its SI unit is cubic
metres (m
3
)
Tools for measuring
volume of liquid are
measuring cylinder,
burette and pipette
Measuring volume
R
T
S
S is the correct
eye position
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Makes it easier for people
from different countries to
communicate with each other
A measurement in that unit
has the same value anywhere
in the world
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THE END
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Bab 1 : Pengenalan kepada
Sains
1.1 Apakah itu Sains?
Apakah itu sains?
Kepentingan sains
Kerjaya dalam sains
1.2 Makmal Sains
Alat radas makmal
Simbol berbahaya
1.3 Langkah-langkah dalam Penyiasatan Saintifik
Langkah-langkah dalam penyiasatan saintifik
1.4 Kuantiti Fizik dan Unitnya
Kuantiti fizik dan unitnya
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Bab 1 : Pengenalan kepada Sains
1.5 Berat dan Jisim
Berat
Jisim
1.6 Alatan Pengukuran
Mengukur panjang
Mengukur luas
Mengukur isipadu
1.7 Kepentingan Unit Piawai
The importance of standard units
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1.1 Apakah itu Sains?
Sains adalah susunan pembelajaran ke
atas alam sekeliling dan bagaimana
kesannya kepada kita dan persekitaran
Sains meliputi pelbagai bidang ilmu
pengetahuan
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1.1 Apakah itu Sains?
Meningkatkan taraf kehidupan
Meningkatkan kualiti persekitaran
Memahami dunia di sekeliling kita
Menambahkan bekalan makanan
Mencegah dan merawat penyakit
Kepentingan sains
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Doktor
Arkitek
Jurutera
Ahli astronomi
Doktor haiwan
Ahli farmasi
Ahli kimai
Pakar komputer
Cabang dalam sains
adalah seperti biologi,
fizik, kimia, astronomi,
geologi, meteorologi dan
biokimia
Kerjaya dalam sains
1.1 Apakah itu Sains?
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1.2 Makmal Sains
Alat radas Kegunaan
Mangkuk pijar
Tabung uji
Jam randik
Kaliper
Termometer
Alat radas makmal
Memanaskan bahan kimia
Mengisi bahan kimia
Mengambil bacaan
Mengukur diameter
Mengukur suhu
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Alat radas Makmal
Mangkuk penyejat
Gabus dan
penutup getap
Slaid kaca
Pemegang tabung
uji
Picagari
Alat radas makmal
1.2 Makmal Sains
Menyejat cecair daripada suatu
larutan
Memegang spesimen untuk
pemerhatian di bawah mikroskop
Memegang tabung uji
Memindahkan sedikit cecair
Digunakan sebagai penutup tabung uji
atau kelalang kon
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Mengakis
Merangsang
Beracun Beradioaktif
Mudah meletup Mudah terbakar
Simbol berbahaya
1.2 Makmal Sains
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1.3 Langkah-langkah dalam
Penyiasatan Saintifik
Menentukan
tujuan
eksperimen
Membentuk
hipotesis
Merancang
eksperimen
secara sistematik
Mengawal
pembolehubah
Merekod data
yang
diperhatikan
Menganalisis data
yang telah
dikumpul
Menginterpretasi
data
Membuat
kesimpulan
sama
Menulis
laporan
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1.4 Kuantiti Fizik dan
Unitnya
Kuantiti fizik adalah kuantiti yang boleh
diukur
Kuantiti fizik Unit SI Peralatan
Panjang () meter (m)
Pembaris
Jisim (m) kilogram (kg) Neraca tuas
Masa (t) saat (s) Jam randik
Suhu (T) kelvin (K) Termometer
Arus elektrik (I) ampere (A) Ammeter
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0.000 000 000 001 p piko
0.000 000 001 n nano
0.000 001 mikro
0.001 m mili
0.01 c senti
1 000 k kilo
1 000 000 M mega
1 000 000 000 G giga
Nilai Simbol Imbuhan awal
1.4 Kuantiti Fizik dan
Unitnya
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1.5 Berat dan Jisim
Tarikan Bumi ke atas objek
Daya yang menarid jasad ke arah pusat
Bumi dikenali sebagai daya graviti
Unit SI adalah Newton (N)
Berat sesuatu objek tidak selalunya sama
Berat
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Neraca spring
Neraca pemampat
Jenis alat untuk mengukur berat
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Kuantiti jirim dalam sesuatu objek
Jisim objek adalah tetap dan tidak
dipengaruhi oleh daya graviti
Unit SI adalah kilogram (kg)
Jisim sesuatu objek adalah tidak berubah
Jisim
1.5 Berat dan Jisim
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Neraca palang
Neraca tuas
Jenis alat untuk mengukur jisim
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1.6 Alatan Pengukuran
Panjang adalah jarak di antara dua titik
Unit Sinya adalah meter (m)
Unit lain yang boleh digunakan untuk panjang
adalah kilometer (km), sentimeter (cm) and
milimeter (mm)
Hubungan antara unit-unit sukatan panjang
1 cm = 10 mm
1 m = 100 cm = 1 000 mm
1 km = 1 000 m = 100 000 cm
Mengukur panjang
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1.6 Alatan Pengukuran
Mengukur panjang
garisan lurus
Mengukur panjang
garisan melengkung
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Mengukur diameter
luar
Mengukur diameter
dalam
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1.6 Alatan Pengukuran
Luas adalah ukuran
jumlah permukaan. Unit
Sinya adalah meter
persegi (m
2
)
Luas objek sekata dan
objek tidak sekata boleh
ditentukan dengan
melakar bentuk objek di
atas sekeping kertas
graf
Menganggar luas daun
Mengukur luas
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1.6 Alatan Pengukuran
Isipadu adalah ukuran
yang memenuhi ruang
oleh bahan terlarut
Unit SInya adalah meter
padu (m
3
)
Alatan untuk mengukur
isipadu cecair adalah
silinder penyukat, buret
and pipet
Mengukur isipadu
R
T
S
S adalah kedudukan
mata yang betul
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1.7 Kepentingan Unit
Piawai
Memudahkan orang ramai dari
negara yang berlainan
berkomunikasi
Unit pengukurannya adalah sama
di mana-mana tempat di dunia
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tAMAT