MAJOR PROJECT ON

TOUCH SCREEN MONITORS

Presented by
Ms. Priyanka R. Kharat
Ms. Bhagyashree N. Kokade

Under the guidance of

Mr. Narendra Gawai
 What are Touch Screen
Sensors?
“A Touchscreen is a display which can
detect the location of touches within the
display area. This allows the display to be
used as an input device, removing the
keyboard and/or the mouse as the
primary input device for interacting with
the display's content.”
Types of Touch Screen Sensors
• External add on touch screens
•


• Integrated Touch Screen Monitors

•
•
 External Add On Touch Screen
Sensor
• Can be added to your home computer
• Brings touch screen technology to the
common user


http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-anatomy.html
 Integrated Touch Screens
• The sensor system is already integrated
into the screen or monitor
 Working Principles
•A clear touch sensor is placed over
the viewable video screen
• A controller (2) takes information from the touch
screen (1)
• The info is turned into information the computer
can understand
A software
driver is
needed to
allow the
touch
screen and
computer
to work
together (3)
http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-anatomy.html
 Touchscreen Technology

• Resistive touchscreen
• Capacitive touchscreen
• Infrared touchscreen
• Surface acoustic wave (SAW)
touchscreen
• Strain gauge touchscreen
• Optical imaging touchscreen
• Dispersive signal technology touchscreen
 Resistive

• Composed of several layer including two

metallic layers separated from each
other
• When metallic layers are connected
(touched) they act as like 2 voltage
dividers
• Change in electric current is sent to
controller and the location is determined
 Resistive touchscreen

• Structure
 Resistive touch
screens consist of a
glass or acrylic panel that
is coated with electrically
conductive and resistive
layers made with indium
tin oxide (ITO) .The thin
layers are separated by
invisible spacers.
•
4-wire resistive touchscreen
 5-wire resistive touchscreen

• The construction of the panels are similar

with 4-wire technology, but for a 5-wire
touch screen all four bus bars are
connected to the lower, non-flexible
layer of the screen. The flexible layer is
always used as a sense layer to read
the voltage connection point to the
bottom layer.
•
8-wire resistive touchscreen
 Resistive touchscreen

• Characters:
1. Cost effective solutions
2. Activated by a stylus, a finger or gloved hand
3. Not affected by dirt, dust, water, or light
4. 75%~85% clarify
5. resistive layers can be damaged by a very sharp object
 Surface Acoustic Wave

http://magicseaweed.com

•Uses Ultrasonic waves across the surface

•When the screen is touched part of the
wave is absorbed
•This allows the controller to determine the
position of the touch
 Surface-capacitive touchscreen

• Structure
 Surface capacitive technology consists
of a uniform conductive coating on a glass
panel. Electrodes around the panel’s edge
evenly distribute a low voltage across the
conductive layer, creating a uniform electric
field.

 Surface-capacitive touchscreen
• Working principle
 A human body is an electric conductor, so when you touch the
screen with a finger, a slight amount of current is drawn, creating a
voltage drop. The current respectively drifts to the electrodes on the four
corners. Theoretically, the amount of current that drifts through the four
electrodes should be proportional to the distance from the touch point to
the four corners. The controller precisely calculates the proportion of the
current passed through the four electrodes and figures out the X/Y
coordinate of a touch point.
 Capacitive
• Coated with a current
 conducting material www.inelectronicsltd.co.uk
• Sensor has a precisely controlled field of
stored electrons in horizontal and
vertical directions
• Humans also exhibit capacititance
• A controller detects when there is a
disturbance in the electric field (touch)
• The controller then determines the
location
 Capacitive touchscreen

• Characters:
1. Durable and resistant to scratches for
demanding applications
2. Faster and more responsive
3. Immune to surface contaminants
4. Superior optical clarity, brighter display and less
surface reflection
5. Must be touched by finger, will not work with any
non-conductive input
 Infrared
• An array of infrared sensors are placed
horizontally and vertically
• The sensors send out pulses of light
• The sensors detect the interruption of the
light
• The location is then determined by the
controller
 Infrared touchscreen

• Infrared (IR) technology relies on the interruption of an

IR light grid in front of the display screen. The touch
frame contains a row of IR-light emitting diode (LEDs)
and photo transistors, each mounted on two opposite
sides to create a grid of invisible infrared light.
The IR controller sequentially pulses the LEDs to
create a grid of IR light beams. When a stylus, such
as a finger, enters the grid, it obstructs the beams.
One or more photo transistors from each axis detect
the absence of light and transmit signals that identifies
the x and y coordinates.
Infrared touchscreen
 Infrared touchscreen

• Characters:
1.Clear as glass, improves reading ability
2.Most durable surface


•
 SAW touchscreen
• Principle
 Surface waves are readily
absorbed when a soft object such as a
fingertip touches the substrate.
 SAW Touch Screen use pure
glass with transmitting and receiving
piezoelectric transducers for both the
X and Y axes.
 The touch screen controller
sends an electrical signal to the
transmitting transducer, which
converts the signal into ultrasonic
waves within the glass.
 When you touch the screen, you
absorb a portion of the wave traveling
across it. The received signal is then
compared to the stored digital map,
the change recognized, and a
coordinate calculate.



SAW touchscreen
 SAW touchscreen

• Characters:
1.Durable glass construction
2.High optical clarity
3.Activated by a finger, gloved hand or soft
tip
4.Not completely sealable, can be affected
by large amounts of dirt, dust, and / or
water in the environment
 Strain Gage
•Screen is mounted on
four springs one at each corner
•Deflection of screen when touched is
http://etestinc.com/db4/00336/etestinc.com/_uimages/str
ainguage.bmp

measured by all four strain gages

•Calculations are made based on each
of the four deflections to determine the
location of the touch
Technology Capacitive SAW Infrared Resistive

Transparence Very good >92% Very good >92% Very good >92% 75%~85%

Resolution Good Good Limited due to good

spacing of IR
sensors
Surface Resistant to Adversely Potential for Unaffected by
Contaminants moisture and affected by False activation Surface
/durability other surface moisture or or dead zones contaminants.
contaminants Surface From Surface Polyester top
contaminants Contaminants sheet is easily
scratched

Sensor substrate Glass with ITO Glass with ITO Any substrate Polyester top
coating coating sheet, glass
substrate with
ITO coating

Display size 8.4"-21" 10.4"-30" 10.4"-60" up to 19"

Touch method Human touch finger, gloved Can use any Can use any
pointing device pointing device
hand or soft tip
 Multi-touch technology

• Multi-touch denotes a set of interaction

techniques which allow computer users
to control graphical applications with
several fingers.
• Products:
• Apple iPhone, iPod touch, MacBook Air,
and MacBook Pro
• Microsoft Surface
• ……
 Typical Applications
Credit Card Scanners


•
 Typical Applications
http://migs.wordpress.com/2007/06/28/new-touch-screen-phones/

 Consumer Electronics
• Phones
• PDA’s
• Digital Cameras
• GPS
• etc


www.trafficdominatetricks.com/jv/prizes.htm techwoo.com/hp-ipaq-112-classic-pda-phone/
 Typical Applications

 ATM


 http://www.acceptvisaandmastercard.com/assets/images/atm1.jpg

Interactive Kiosks

and learning
stations



•
Etc. Etc. Etc.

http://www.mce-sign.com/images/produits_multimedia/kaori.gif
 Conclusion
• A touch screen is the simplest, most direct way for a person to
interact with a computer.


• It's intuitive for virtually every child and adult in the world
today.


• The ability to accurately point on the screen itself is taking yet

another step with the emerging graphics tablet/screen
hybrids.


• Touch screen displays are found today in airplanes,

automobiles, gaming consoles, machine control systems,
appliances and handheld display devices of every kind.

 References
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchscreen
• http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-anato
• Research Note on Touch Screen
Sensors by Andrew Nathanson
• http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-touch-
screen-monitors.htm
 To Explore Further
• http://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com/sDe
• http://www.howstuffworks.com/question716.ht
• Multi-Touch Interaction Research
 by Jeff han http://cs.nyu.edu/~jhan/ftirtouch/
Thank you