A Workshop on

Programming, Analysis and Simulation

using Matlab- For Electrical Engineering
17-19 January,2008
G.H. Patel College of Engineering and Technology

Electrical Drives using Simulink

toolbox of Matlab

Presented by:
P.R.Mankad
Electrical Engineering Department,
Shri S’ad Vidya Mandal Institute of Technology, Bharuch
What is Matlab?

 The name MATLAB stands for matrix

laboratory.

 MATLAB® is a high-performance language for

technical computing.

 It integrates computation, visualization, and

programming in an easy-to-use environment.
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Simulink

3
 What is Simulink?
 Simulink is a software package that enables you to
model, simulate, and analyze systems whose outputs
change over time.
 Such systems are often referred to as dynamic
systems.
 Simulink can be used to explore the behavior of a
wide range of real-world dynamic systems, including
electrical circuits, shock absorbers, braking systems,
and many other electrical, mechanical, and
thermodynamic systems.
4
What Is Simulink?
 For modeling, Simulink provides a graphical user
interface (GUI) for building models as block
diagrams, using click-and-drag mouse operations.

 With this interface, you can draw the models just as

you would with pencil and paper (or as most
textbooks depict them).

 Simulink includes a comprehensive block library of

sinks, sources, linear and nonlinear components, and
connectors. You can also customize and create your
own blocks. 5
What Is Simulink?
 After you define a model, you can simulate it, using a
choice of integration methods

 Using scopes and other display blocks, you can see the
simulation results while the simulation is running.

 In addition, you can change parameters and immediately

see what happens, for "what if" exploration.

 The simulation results can be put in the MATLAB

workspace for postprocessing and visualization.
6
How Simulink Works?
 Simulating a dynamic system is a two-step process
with Simulink.

 First, you create a graphical model of the system to

be simulated, using the Simulink model editor.

 The model depicts the time-dependent mathematical

relationships among the system's inputs, states, and
outputs
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How Simulink Works?
 Second we use Simulink to simulate the behavior of
the system over a specified time span. Simulink uses
information that you entered into the model to
perform the simulation

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Modeling Dynamic Systems
 Simulink provides a library browser that allows you
to select blocks from libraries of standard blocks and
a graphical editor that allows you to draw lines
connecting the blocks.

 You can model virtually any real-world dynamic

system by selecting and interconnecting the
appropriate Simulink blocks.
Skip

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 Block Diagrams
 A Simulink block diagram is a pictorial model of a
dynamic system.
 It consists of a set of symbols, called blocks,
interconnected by lines.

 Each block represents an elementary dynamic system that

produces an output either continuously (a continuous
block) or at specific points in time (a discrete block).

 The lines represent connections of block inputs to block

outputs.
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Example-1:
 This example shows you
how to build a model.

 The model integrates a sine

wave and displays the result
along with the sine wave.

 The block diagram of the

model looks like this.

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How to bulild simple model
 To create the model,
first enter ‘simulink’ in
the MATLAB command
window.

 On Microsoft Windows,
the Simulink Library
Browser appears as
shown.

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How to build simple model
 To create a new model
on Windows, select the
New Model button on
the Library Browser's
toolbar

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How to bulild simple model

 To create this model, you need to copy blocks into the

model from the following Simulink block libraries:
 Sources library (the Sine Wave block)
 Sinks library (the Scope block)
 Continuous library (the Integrator block)
 Signals & Systems library (the Mux block)
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How to bulild simple model
 You can copy a Sine Wave
block from the Sources library,
using the Library Browser.

 To copy the Sine Wave block

from the Library Browser, click
the Sine Wave node to select the
Sine Wave block and drag it to
new model window.

15
How to bulild simple model
 Similarly copy integrator
bloack from continuous
library, mux from signals
and systems library block
and scope from sink.
 Connect sine wave block to
other two items using
mouse.
 Connect output of mux to a
scope
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How to bulild simple model
 To simulate the model,
click on ‘start’ from the
simulation menu.

 See the results on scope.

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The Library Blocks
 The Continuous library

 It contains blocks that

model linear functions

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Discontinuities
 The Discontinuities library
contains blocks whose
outputs are discontinuous
functions of their inputs.

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Discrete
 The Discrete library contains
blocks that represent
discrete-time functions.

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Math Operations
 The Math Operations
library contains blocks
that model general
mathematical functions.

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Math Operations
 More math
functions.

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Signal Routing
 The Signal Routing
library contains blocks
that route signals from
one point in a block
diagram to another.

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Sink
 The Sinks library
contains blocks that
display or write block
output.

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Sources
 The Sources library
contains blocks that
generate signals.

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SimPowerSystems Blockset
 It is library of
specialized blocks
pertaining to Electrical
Engineering.

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Electrical Drives using Simulink
 Electrical Machines:
(1)D.C.Machines
(2)Asynchronous Machines
(3) Synchronous Machines
and
(4)Transformers models are available in
SimPowerSystems Blockset of Simulink.

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(1)D.C.Machines
 This block implements a separately
excited DC machine.
 An access is provided to the field
terminals (F+, F-) so that the machine
model can be used as a shunt-connected
or a series-connected DC machine.
 The armature circuit (A+, A-) consist of
an inductor La and resistor Ra in series
with a counter-electromotive force
(CEMF) E.
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D.C.Machines
 Machine data to be entered
is shown here.

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D.C.Machines
 Measurements are available through demultiplexer.
 Four internal signals are multiplexed on the Simulink
measurement output vector returning
 Rotor speed in rad/sec.
 Armature current in ‘A’
 Field current in ‘A’
 Electromechanical

torque in ‘N.m’

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D.C.Machines
 Source
 D.C.Voltage source

 Load Torque in (N-m).

 Constant Load can be implemented by
constant block of sources library

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D.C. Shunt Motor Drive

 Fig. above shows D.C.Shunt motor drive with

constant load.
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Transient response.

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D.C.Series Motor Drive

 Fig. above shows D.C.Series motor drive with

constant load.
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Transient response.

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(2)Asynchronous Machines
(Induction Machines)
 This block implements an Induction
machine.
 The Asynchronous Machine block
operates in either generating or
motoring mode.
 The mode of operation is dictated by the
sign of the mechanical torque (positive
for motoring, negative for generating).

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(2)Asynchronous Machines
(Induction Machines)
 The parameters to be
entered are shown here.

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Induction Machines
 Measurements are available
through Machine Measurement
Demux block located in
‘Machines’ library of
SimPowerSystems Blockset.

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Induction Machines

 AC voltage source

 Single phase and three phase

AC sources are available,
voltage and frequency of which
can be adjusted as per
requirement.

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Induction Machines Drive

 Fig. above shows an Induction motor with

constant load
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Induction Machines Drive

 Transient response 41
Types of Loads

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TL  

 Fig. above shows D.C.Series motor drive with Load

torque proportional to speed. 43
Transient response.

TL
TL  

TM

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TL   2

 Fig. above shows D.C.Series motor drive with Load

torque proportional to square of speed. 45
TL   2

TL

46
Speed Control

47
DC Shunt Motor

Armature voltage control method 48

DC Shunt Motor

49
DC Shunt Motor

Field flux control method 50

DC Shunt Motor

51
DC Series Motor

Field diverter method 52

DC Series Motor

53
Induction Motor

Stator voltage control method 54

Induction Motor

55
Induction Motor

Stator supply frequency control method

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Braking of Motors

57
DC Shunt Motor

Regenerative braking of dc shunt motor 58

DC Shunt Motor

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DC Shunt Motor

Regenerative braking of dc shunt motor 60

Induction Motor

Regenerative braking of Induction motor 61

Induction Motor

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Induction Motor

Regenerative braking of Induction motor 63

Power Modulators

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Block diagram of an electric drive

Source Power
Motor Load
modulator

Control Sensing
unit unit

Input command

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Power Modulator
Power modulator performs following four functions

 Modulated flow of power from source to motor

 Restricts source and motor currents within limits
 Converts source energy suitable to motor
 Selects mode of operation i.e motoring or braking

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AC to DC converters

Fixed voltage Fixed voltage

1ph or 3-ph dc
ac
Diode rectifier

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AC to DC converters

2Vm
Vdc 

Single phase Diode rectifier using universal bridge
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AC-DC converters

Single phase diode rectifier wave forms

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DC Shunt Motor
fed with 1ph-diode rectifier

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AC to DC converters

Fixed voltage Variable voltage

1ph or 3-ph dc
ac Fully controlled
thyristor rectifier

71
 AC to DC converters

2Vm
Vdc  cos 


Fully controlled thyristor rectifier using universal bridge

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AC-DC converters

Fully controlled thyristor rectifier wave forms

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DC Shunt Motor
fed with 1ph-controlled rectifier

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Triggering of 1ph-controlled rectifier

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AC Voltage Controllers

Fixed voltage
Variable voltage
1ph or 3-ph
ac
ac Thyristor voltage
Diode rectifier
controller

(Soft starters)

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Soft starter

77
Soft starter

(Available as demo) 78
Soft started Induction motor drive

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DC-DC converters (Choppers)

Variable voltage
Fixed voltage
dc
dc Semiconductor
Diode rectifier
chopper

80
Chopper fed DC drive

(Available as demo) 81
AC Voltage Controllers
Variable frequency
Fixed voltage Stepped wave Fixed voltage
dc Semiconductor ac
Diode rectifier
inverter

(a)
Variable frequency
Variable voltage
Fixed voltage
ac
dc (Soft starters)
PWM semiconductor
Diode rectifier
inverter

(b) 82
PWM inverter

Vdc
Vac  m
2 2
PWM inverter using universal bridge 83
Induction Motor drive using
PWM inverter

PWM inverter using universal bridge 84

Generation of PWM pulses

PWM inverter using universal bridge 85

Generation of PWM pulses

PWM pulses to inverter 86

Output voltage of PWM inverter

PWM inverter using universal bridge 87