Evolution - 8th Grade Science

Do Now: Give me two reasons why you think the
population of certain species continue to grow OR are

gone after a few generations?
The species that survive is do to adaption & struggle,

and the species which overproduce
SWBAT- Discuss how the changing environmental

conditions result in evolution
Evolution
What is Evolution?
Evolution - how modern day organisms have changed from
ancient organisms.
- gradual change over time
Charles Darwin
Collected data and observations
to create hypothesis about
evolution.
Published On the Origin of
Species containing his theory of
evolution.
His important observations

included the diversity of living
things, the remains of
organisms
Father of Evolution
Darwins Observations
He visited many continents while
serving on the ship H.M.S Beagle.
He noticed a great diversity (variety) in
organisms (species) on these
different continents.
Australia Kangaroos
Galapagos Giant Tortoises and
Finches
What is you definition of a species ?

Species
Species a group of organisms that can reproduce and
create offspring that can reproduce.
Who Survives?
Natural Selection those individuals who have favorable
variations (from their genes) are able to survive and
reproduce successfully.
Conditions for Natural

Selection
1. Overproduction every species produces more
individuals than will survive.
Ex: insects, fish, dandelions
2. Struggle for Survival individuals within a species will
compete for resources.
- Ex: environmental conditions: food,

space, water, etc.
3. Adaptation (adaptive value) any genetic trait that helps
an organism survive, compete, and reproduce better than

others.
- Ex: Grasshoppers with longer legs
Lions with sharper teeth
Where Do Variations Come From?

Genetic variations can only be passed on if they occur in
gamete cells.
Sources of variation:
a. Mutation change in DNA bases.
- Some are good and can be passed on.
b. Sexual Reproduction crossing over of chromosomes
and sexual recombination (fertilization) increases
variety in offspring.
Mutations occur at random good ones will become

popular and passed on.
4. Survival of the Fittest individuals who have certain

variations will be able to survive if environment
changes.
- Ex: Disease and resistance/immunity
5.
Speciation those individuals that survived to

reproduce, may develop into a new species.
How does it happen?
Reproductive isolation a population may become

separated by a geographical barrier.
- Ex: River, mountain range, earthquake, ocean
Many new species of finches develop from isolation.
Differences in beak sizes/shapes result from different

environments (food sources).
This is the definition of what condition of natural

selection ? any genetic trait that helps an organism
survive, compete, and reproduce better than others.
Adaptation

Examples of Natural Selection

1. Peppered Moth Evolution
Change in moth color from white to black due to change in
their environment from white to black.
Black moth color = favorable mutation
2. Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotics kill bacteria with diseases.
Through natural selection, some bacteria mutate
and become resistant (not
affected) to antibiotics.
These resistant bacteria multiply (asexually) and
soon become the only bacteria around.
New antibiotics must now be made.
Red Bacteria have

mutation for resistance
After Treated with Antibiotic
Only Red Bacteria survive and pass on good mutation
Evidence of Evolution
1. Similarities in DNA and Proteins
Proteins from 2 different species may have similar amino
acid sequences.
- Ex: Humans and Chimpanzees share same
protein for blood which differs by only 1-2 amino
acids.
SWBAT determine the factors that effect the evolution

of all living things
What are the five parts of Conditions for Natural

Selection?
Adaption, Struggle for Survival and

Overproduction, Speciation and Survival of the
fittest
Evidence of Evolution
2. Similarities in Embryo
Development
Early stages of embryos in

many animals is very similar.
- Differentiation happens the
same way in many organisms.
- Suggests we come from a
common ancestor.
3. Homologous Body Structures
Similarities in forelimb bones of

different animal species: wing
of a bat, flipper of a whale, arm
of a human.
- Bones are attached in similar
places all came from a common
ancestor.
Vestigial structures organs that serve no function in an

organism.
- may have been useful in the past.

- Ex: human appendix, leg bones in whale
4. Fossil Record fossils from different layers of the earth

show species have changed over time.
- The earth is approximately 4.7 billion years old.
Origin of Life
First organisms were single-celled (bacteria).
As time went on, more complex multicellular organisms

developed.
Now, the most complex multicellular organisms
(humans) have evolved.
DO NOW:
Who was know for the book On the Origin of Species
which contained the persons theory of evolution.
SWBAT determine the factors that effect the evolution

of all living things
Extinction
Extinction - Disappearance of species from the earth.
- Species cannot adapt to changing environment.

- Natural disaster (meteor)
- Top layers
= most
recent (more
complex)
- Bottom
layers=oldest
(simplest)
Phylogenetic (Family) Trees

Family Tree - Simple diagram used to show relationships
and common ancestors amongst species.
A phylogenetic tree helps to explain the pattern of
connection of different groups of species.
Family Tree Vs. Phylogenetic
Punctuated Equilibrium
Punctuated Equilibrium long, stable
periods of equilibrium interrupted by
rapid change (due to mutations).
- Different speeds of evolution for

different species.
Natural Selection

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Do Now: Give me two reasons why you think the

population of certain species continue to grow OR are

The species that survive is do to adaption & struggle,

SWBAT- Discuss how the changing environmental

- gradual change over time

His important observations

What is you definition of a species ?

SWBAT- Discuss how the changing environmental

Conditions for Natural

Ex: insects, fish, dandelions

2. Struggle for Survival individuals within a species will

compete for resources.

- Ex: environmental conditions: food,

3. Adaptation (adaptive value) any genetic trait that helps

an organism survive, compete, and reproduce better than

- Ex: Grasshoppers with longer legs

Lions with sharper teeth

Where Do Variations Come From?

Mutations occur at random good ones will become

4. Survival of the Fittest individuals who have certain

- Ex: Disease and resistance/immunity

Speciation those individuals that survived to

How does it happen?

Reproductive isolation a population may become

Many new species of finches develop from isolation.

Differences in beak sizes/shapes result from different

This is the definition of what condition of natural

SWBAT- Discuss how the changing environmental

Examples of Natural Selection

Red Bacteria have

Only Red Bacteria survive and pass on good mutation

SWBAT determine the factors that effect the evolution

What are the five parts of Conditions for Natural

Adaption, Struggle for Survival and

Early stages of embryos in

3. Homologous Body Structures

Similarities in forelimb bones of

Vestigial structures organs that serve no function in an

- may have been useful in the past.

4. Fossil Record fossils from different layers of the earth

- The earth is approximately 4.7 billion years old.

As time went on, more complex multicellular organisms

SWBAT determine the factors that effect the evolution

- Species cannot adapt to changing environment.

Phylogenetic (Family) Trees

Family Tree Vs. Phylogenetic

- Different speeds of evolution for

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