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    Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology

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    Swapnil agrawal
    Basics of Computer Networks. Get to Know About TCP/IP Protocol and difference between TCP/IP and OSI Model.

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    Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology

    Uploaded by

    Swapnil agrawal
    63 views35 pages
    Basics of Computer Networks. Get to Know About TCP/IP Protocol and difference between TCP/IP and OSI Model.

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    Computer Networks

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    Basics of Computer Networks. Get to Know About TCP/IP Protocol and difference between TCP/IP and OSI Model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    63 views35 pages

    Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology

    Uploaded by

    Swapnil agrawal
    Basics of Computer Networks. Get to Know About TCP/IP Protocol and difference between TCP/IP and OSI Model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 35

    Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology

    Subject Code : 150702


    Name Of Subject : COMPUTER NETWORK
    Name of Unit : INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKS

    Topic : OSI MODEL , TCP/IP MODEL AND COMPARISON


    OF OSI & TCP/IP MODEL

    Name of Student :Agrawal Swapnil J.

    CONTENTS
    OSI MODEL

    THE OSI MODEL


    DIFFERENT LAYERS OF OSI REFERENCE MODEL
    EXCHANGE OG INFORMATION IN OSI MODEL
    OSI FEATURES

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    CONTENTS
    TCP/IP MODEL

    INTRODUCTION TO TCP/IP
    LAYERS IN TCP/IP
    TCP/IP STACK
    TCP/IP ENCAPSULATION
    TCP/IP PROTOCOL

    COMPARISON OF OSI & TCP/IP MODEL

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    THE OSI MODEL


    Established
    in
    1947,
    the
    International
    Standards Organization (ISO) is a multinational
    body dedicated to worldwide agreement on
    international standards.
    Almost three-fourths of countries in the world are
    represented in the ISO. An ISO standard that covers
    all aspects of network communications is the Open
    Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. It was first
    introduced in the late 1970s.
    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    The OSI model

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    OSI Layers
    OSI Model
    Data unit

    Host
    layers

    Media
    layers

    Layer

    Function

    7. Application

    Network process to
    application

    6. Presentation

    Data representation,
    encryption and decryption

    5. Session

    Innermost communication

    Segments

    4. Transport

    End-to-end connections and


    reliability, Flow control

    Packet

    3. Network

    Path determination and


    logical addressing

    Frame

    2. Data Link

    Physical addressing

    Bit

    1. Physical

    Media, signal and binary


    transmission

    Data

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    OSI Layers

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Layer1: Physical Layer


    The Physical Layer defines the electrical and
    physical specifications for devices. In particular,
    it defines the relationship between a device
    and a physical medium.
    This includes the layout of pin, voltages, cable
    specification, hubs, repeaters, network
    adapters, host bus adapters, and more.
    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Layer 2: Data Link Layer


    The Data Link Layer provides the functional
    and procedural means to transfer data
    between network entities and to detect and
    possibly correct errors that may occur in the
    Physical Layer.
    Originally, this layer was intended for point-topoint and point-to-multipoint media,
    characteristic of wide area media in the
    telephone system.
    The data link layer is divided into two sublayers by IEEE.
    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Layer 3: Network Layer


    The Network Layer performs
    network routing functions,
    perform fragmentation and reassembly,
    report delivery errors.
    Routers operate at this layersending data
    throughout the extended network and making
    the Internet possible.

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Layer 3: Network Layer


    The Network Layer provides the functional and
    procedural means of transferring variable
    length data sequences from a source to a
    destination via one or more networks, while
    maintaining the quality of service requested
    by the Transport Layer.

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Layer 4: Transport Layer


    The Transport Layer provides transparent
    transfer of data between end users, providing
    reliable data transfer services to the upper
    layers.
    The Transport Layer controls the reliability of a
    given link through flow control,
    segmentation/documentation, and error
    control.

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Layer 5: Session Layer


    The Session Layer controls the dialogues
    (connections) between computers.
    It establishes, manages and terminates the
    connections between the local and remote
    application.
    It provides for full-duplex, half-duplex,
    or simplex operation, and establishes check
    pointing, adjournment, termination, and
    restart procedures.
    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Layer 6: Presentation Layer


    This layer provides independence from
    differences in data representation (e.g.,
    encryption) by translating from application to
    network format, and vice versa.
    This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent
    across a network, providing freedom from
    compatibility problems.
    It is sometimes called the syntax layer.
    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Layer 7: Application Layer


    The application layer is the OSI layer closest to
    the end user, which means that both the OSI
    application layer and the user interact directly
    with the software application.
    Application layer functions typically include:
    identifying communication partners,
    determining resource availability,
    synchronizing communication.

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    An exchange using the


    OSI model

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Summary of OSI Layers

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    OSI Feature
    Open system standards over the world
    Rigorously defined structured, hierarchical
    network model
    Complete description of the function
    Provide standard test procedures
    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Introduction TCP/IP
    The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly known
    as TCP/IP) is the set of communications
    protocols used for the Internet and other
    similar networks.
    It is named from two of the most important
    protocols in it:
    the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and
    the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the
    first two networking protocols defined in
    this standard.
    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Layers in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite

    Original Layers
    (Practically)
    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Layers According to Book


    (Theoretically)
    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    The Upper Layers


    OSI

    TCP / IP

    Application (Layer7)
    Presentation (Layer6)

    Application

    Session (Layer 5)

    Session
    Presentation
    Application
    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    The Session Layer


    The Session layer permits two parties to hold
    ongoing communications called a session across a
    network.
    Not found in TCP/IP model
    In TCP/IP , its characteristics are provided by the TCP
    protocol.
    (Transport Layer)

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    The Presentation Layer


    The Presentation Layer handles data format
    information for networked communications. This is
    done by converting data into a generic format that
    could be understood by both sides.
    Not found in TCP/IP model
    In TCP/IP, this function is provided by the Application
    Layer.

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    The Application Layer


    The Application Layer is the top layer of the reference
    model. It provides a set of interfaces for applications
    to obtain access to networked services as well as
    access to the kinds of network services that support
    applications directly.
    OSI
    - FTAM,VT,MHS,DS,CMIP
    TCP/IP
    - FTP,SMTP,TELNET,DNS,SNMP
    Although the notion of an application process is
    common to both, their approaches to constructing
    application entities is different.

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    TCP/IP Transport Layer


    Defines two standard transport protocols: TCP and
    UDP
    TCP implements a reliable data-stream protocol
    connection oriented
    UDP implements an unreliable data-stream
    connectionless
    TCP provides reliable data transmission

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    TCP/IP Stack

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    TCP/IP Encapsulation

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Layer

    TCP/IP Some Protocol

    Protocol

    DNS, TFTP, TLS/SSL, FTP, Gopher, HTTP, IMAP, IRC, NNTP


    , POP3, SIP, SMTP, SMPP, SNMP, SSH, Telnet, Echo, RTP, P
    NRP, rlogin, ENRP
    Application
    Routing protocols like BGP and RIP which run over
    TCP/UDP, may also be considered part of the Internet
    Layer.
    Transport

    TCP, UDP, DCCP, SCTP, IL, RUDP, RSVP


    IP (IPv4, IPv6), ICMP, IGMP, and ICMPv6

    Internet

    Link

    OSPF for IPv4 was initially considered IP layer protocol


    since it runs per IP-subnet, but has been placed on the
    Link since RFC 2740.

    ARP, RARP, OSPF (IPv4/IPv6), IS-IS, NDP

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Comparison of Both Layers


    OSI

    TCP/IP

    Application Layer
    Presentation Layer

    Application Layer
    TELNET, FTP, SMTP, POP3, SNMP,
    NNTP, DNS,NIS, NFS, HTTP, ...

    Session Layer
    Transport Layer

    Transport Layer

    Network Layer

    Internet Layer

    Data Link Layer


    Physical Layer

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    TCP , UDP , ...

    IP , ICMP, ARP, RARP, ...

    Link Layer
    FDDI, Ethernet, ISDN, X.25,...

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Comparison of TCP/IP
    and OSI model

    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Comparing Transport for both


    Models
    The features of UDP and TCP defined at TCP/IP
    Transport Layer correspond to many of the
    requirements of the OSI Transport Layer.
    There is a bit of bleed over for requirements in the
    session layer of OSI since sequence numbers, and
    port values can help to allow the Operating System
    to keep track of sessions, but most of the TCP and
    UDP functions and specifications map to the OSI
    Transport Layer.
    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    Comparing Transport for both


    Models
    The TCP/IP and OSI architecture models both employ
    all connection and connectionless models at
    transport layer. However, the internet architecture
    refers to the two models in TCP/IP as simply
    connections and datagram's.
    But the OSI reference model, with its penchant for
    precise terminology, uses the terms connectionmode and connection-oriented for the connection
    model and the term connectionless-mode for the
    connectionless model.
    Sub:-COMPUTER NETWORK

    Topic:-OSI,TCP/IP MODEL & COMPARISON

    THANK YOU

    REFERENCES
    Books:1.COMPUTER NETWORKS
    Fourth Edition by Andrew S. Tanenbaum

    Web Resources:1.Google
    2.Wikipedia

    ANY QUERIES???

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