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    Toddler Age (1 - 3 Years)

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    Piao Liang Jing
    Toddler age spans 1-3 years and is marked by intense exploration, struggles with control and limits, and maturation of body systems. Biologically, children at this age see rapid weight and height gains, changes in body proportions, and development of motor skills. Psychologically, toddlers develop autonomy, object permanence, gender identity, language skills, and moral understanding through play, ritualistic behaviors, and interactions with caregivers. Their needs include love, security, discipline, self-care, nutrition, health supervision, and preparation for preschool.

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    Toddler Age (1 - 3 Years)

    Uploaded by

    Piao Liang Jing
    225 views11 pages
    Toddler age spans 1-3 years and is marked by intense exploration, struggles with control and limits, and maturation of body systems. Biologically, children at this age see rapid weight and height gains, changes in body proportions, and development of motor skills. Psychologically, toddlers develop autonomy, object permanence, gender identity, language skills, and moral understanding through play, ritualistic behaviors, and interactions with caregivers. Their needs include love, security, discipline, self-care, nutrition, health supervision, and preparation for preschool.

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    Toddler

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    Toddler Age

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    Toddler age spans 1-3 years and is marked by intense exploration, struggles with control and limits, and maturation of body systems. Biologically, children at this age see rapid weight and height gains, changes in body proportions, and development of motor skills. Psychologically, toddlers develop autonomy, object permanence, gender identity, language skills, and moral understanding through play, ritualistic behaviors, and interactions with caregivers. Their needs include love, security, discipline, self-care, nutrition, health supervision, and preparation for preschool.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    225 views11 pages

    Toddler Age (1 - 3 Years)

    Uploaded by

    Piao Liang Jing
    Toddler age spans 1-3 years and is marked by intense exploration, struggles with control and limits, and maturation of body systems. Biologically, children at this age see rapid weight and height gains, changes in body proportions, and development of motor skills. Psychologically, toddlers develop autonomy, object permanence, gender identity, language skills, and moral understanding through play, ritualistic behaviors, and interactions with caregivers. Their needs include love, security, discipline, self-care, nutrition, health supervision, and preparation for preschool.

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    TODDLER AGE

    (1 3 YEARS)

    THE TERRIBLE 2s !
    Intense exploration of the environment
    Expression of control of the environment
    Struggles of toilet-training, limit setting,
    discipline and sibling rivalry
    Less dramatic maturation of
    body systems
    Mastering a wide variety of
    activities

    BIOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT
    Weight - 2 yrs Birth wt quadrupled
    - Av wt gain 2.2 Kg/ Yr (1.8 2.7Kg/Yr)

    Height

    - Increases by 6.25 7.5 cms/ Yr

    Body proportions

    Chest Circ = OFC by 1yr


    After 1 yr, Chest Circ > OFC
    Transverse chest diameter > AP
    Pot bellied
    Chubby appearance lost
    Infantile curves straightened

    Dentition - 2 yrs 16 teeth


    2 yrs 20 teeth

    BIOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT
    Skull OFC > by 1 cm/ 6 months ( 1- 3 yrs)
    Ant Fontanel closure by 18 months
    CNS No of brain cells complete by toddler age
    Brain 2/3 of adult by 2 yrs, by 3 yrs
    Myelination Improved posture & co-ordination
    Bowel control by 2-3 yrs
    Bladder control by 2 - 3 yrs
    Gross motor devt Walks, runs, climbs. Opens doors
    Fine motor devt Builds tower of 9-10 blocks, strings
    large beads, works simple puzzles, manipulates
    zippers, opens bathrooms, puts on clothes,
    washes hands

    BIOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT
    Integumentary system- Tougher & more resistant epithelium
    CVS & Resp System - <HR, <Resp, > BP
    Hemopoietic system- RBC - < 4.5 million, Hb 13 gm%
    Digestive system - >ing stomach capacity
    Immunologic system- Pronounced lymphatic enlargement.
    Increased incidence of infections
    Adenoids Max growth by 3 yrs.
    Tonsils - Max growth by 7 yrs
    Renal - >ed ability to conserve water, ready for toilet training

    PSYCHOLOGICAL
    DEVELOPMENT
    Psycho-social Autonomy Vs Shame &
    doubt
    - Object permanence
    - Discrimination bet inner & outer worlds
    - Idea of self as a separate being
    Behavioural characteristics Negativism,
    temper tantrums, ritualistic behaviour,
    ambivalence,
    sibling rivalry

    PSYCHOLOGICAL
    DEVELOPMENT
    Psychosexual anal stage
    - Gender identity, sexual exploration, body
    image

    Cognitive devt
    - 0-2 yrs Sensorimotor
    2-7 yrs Egocentric, object permanence
    achieved, curiosity, imitation, imagination
    Short memory & attention span

    PSYCHOLOGICAL
    DEVELOPMENT
    Language Increasing vocab (50 words), grammar,
    telegraphic speech, monologue
    Play Parallel, destructive, exploratory, distractible,
    no conscience, quiet, dramatic
    - Helps develop cognitive abilities (size, shape, color,
    speed, texture..), concepts (heavy, light )
    - Helps ventilate emotions, develop manual dexterity,
    motor skills
    Moral devt Deeds to avoid punishment, please the
    parents.

    Spiritual Intuitive-projective faith

    NEEDS & CONCERNS


    Love & security Separation anxiety &
    regression
    Discipline leading to self control constructive
    discipline, consistency, clarity, firmness,
    immediacy, encourage independence,
    punishment
    Dependence progressing to self care
    Control of bodily functions
    Developing self esteem
    Dental care

    NEEDS & CONCERNS


    Nutrition
    - 100 Cal/ day, water 100- 125 ml/Kg/day
    - 2-3 cups of milk / day
    - Meal schedule, food preferences, rituals
    - Prevent obesity ( wt for ht > 95 Percentile)
    - Pica (danger of Pb poisoning)
    Health Supervision Immunization, dental
    health
    Preparation for Play School

    Engage in house work

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