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    L14-Arteries of The Lower Limb-Done

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    yakuza444
    The major arteries of the lower limb include the femoral artery, which becomes the popliteal artery and then divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. The femoral artery gives off branches in the thigh and enters the popliteal fossa. The popliteal artery continues in the fossa and divides at the lower border of the popliteus muscle. The anterior and posterior tibial arteries each have muscular and cutaneous branches and terminate by joining to form arches on the foot. The major veins include the great and small saphenous veins and the deep femoral, popliteal, tibial and plantar veins which accompany the arteries.

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    L14-Arteries of The Lower Limb-Done

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    yakuza444
    272 views47 pages
    The major arteries of the lower limb include the femoral artery, which becomes the popliteal artery and then divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. The femoral artery gives off branches in the thigh and enters the popliteal fossa. The popliteal artery continues in the fossa and divides at the lower border of the popliteus muscle. The anterior and posterior tibial arteries each have muscular and cutaneous branches and terminate by joining to form arches on the foot. The major veins include the great and small saphenous veins and the deep femoral, popliteal, tibial and plantar veins which accompany the arteries.

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    arteries of upper limb

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    l14-Arteries of the Lower Limb-done - Copy

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    The major arteries of the lower limb include the femoral artery, which becomes the popliteal artery and then divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. The femoral artery gives off branches in the thigh and enters the popliteal fossa. The popliteal artery continues in the fossa and divides at the lower border of the popliteus muscle. The anterior and posterior tibial arteries each have muscular and cutaneous branches and terminate by joining to form arches on the foot. The major veins include the great and small saphenous veins and the deep femoral, popliteal, tibial and plantar veins which accompany the arteries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    272 views47 pages

    L14-Arteries of The Lower Limb-Done

    Uploaded by

    yakuza444
    The major arteries of the lower limb include the femoral artery, which becomes the popliteal artery and then divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. The femoral artery gives off branches in the thigh and enters the popliteal fossa. The popliteal artery continues in the fossa and divides at the lower border of the popliteus muscle. The anterior and posterior tibial arteries each have muscular and cutaneous branches and terminate by joining to form arches on the foot. The major veins include the great and small saphenous veins and the deep femoral, popliteal, tibial and plantar veins which accompany the arteries.

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    ARTERIES AND VEINS OF

    THE LOWER LIMB

    Major Blood Vessels of the Lower Limb

    FEMORAL ARTERY
    - Chief arterial supply of the lower limb
    - Continuation of external iliac artery
    - Enters the thigh by passing behind the
    inguinal ligaments
    - Ends at the opening in the adductor
    magnus muscle
    - Continues as popliteal artery

    Femoral Artery (1)

    External pudendal (2)


    Superficial iliac circumflex (3)
    Medial femoral circumflex (4)
    Lateral femoral circumflex (5)
    Profunda femoris (6): 3 perforating
    branches (6a-6c)
    Superior (highest) genicular (7)

    Femoral Triangle

    RELATIONS
    Anterioly skin and superficial fascia
    - superficial inguinal lymph
    nodes
    - fascia lata
    - anterior layer of femoral sheath
    - medial cutaenous nerve of the
    thigh
    - saphenous nerve

    RELATIONS
    Posteriorly posterior layer of femoral sheath
    - pectenous muscle
    - psoas muscle
    - adductor longus
    Laterally femoral nerve
    - nerve to vastus medialis
    - saphenous nerve
    Medially femoral vein

    BRANCHES OF THE FEMORAL


    ARTERY
    1.Superficial circumflex iliac artery
    2.Superficial external pudendal artery
    3.Deep external pudendal artery
    4.Profunda femoris artery
    5.Muscular branches to sartorius, vastus medialis and
    adductor muscles
    6.Descending genicular artery
    7.Articular branches to anastomosis around the knee joint
    8.Saphneous branch
    9.Superficial epigastric artery.

    POPLITEAL ARTERY
    Continuation of the femoral artery
    Deeply placed in the popliteal fossa
    Enters the fossa by passing through the
    opening in the adductor magnus
    Ends at the lower border of popliteus
    muscle by dividing into anterior and
    posterior tibial arteries

    RELATIONS
    Anterior from proximal to distal,it lies against
    a.Fat on the posterior surface of femur
    b.Fibrous capsule of the knee joint
    c.Popliteal fossa
    Posterior a.semimembranous muscles
    b.popliteal vein
    c. tibial nerve
    d.gastronemius and plantaris muscles

    RELATIONS
    Lateral
    above

    below

    Medial
    above

    a.biceps
    b.tibial nerve
    c.popliteal vein
    d.lateral condyle of femur
    a.plantaris
    b.lateral head of gastrocnaemous

    a.semimenbranosus
    b.medial condyle of femur
    below a.tibial nerve
    b.popliteal vein
    c.medial head of gastrocnemius

    BRANCHES
    1.genicular branches supply the articular capsule
    - ligaments of the knee joint
    Superior, middle and inferior genicular arteries
    2.muscular branches supply the hamstring
    - gastrocnemius
    - soleus
    - plantaris

    3.cutaenous branches accompanies the small


    saphenous vein

    APPLIED ANATOMY
    1.Popliteal aneurysm can cause swelling
    and pain in the popliteal fossa
    2.loss of popliteal pulsation is a sign of
    femoral artery obstruction

    ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY


    Smaller terminal branch of popliteal artery
    Arises at the lower border of popliteus muscle
    Enters the extensor compartment of leg
    Accompanies the deep peroneal nerve
    Passes behind the extensor retinaculum at ankle joint
    Continues as the dorsalis pedis artery
    BRANCHES
    1.muscular branch numerous, supply the muscles of the
    anterior compartment of the leg

    2.anterior and posterior tibial recurrent arteries joins the


    anastomoses around the knee
    3.medial and lateral, anterior malleolar arteries joins the
    anastmoses around the ankle

    Retinaculum thickened band of deep fascia attached to distal ends of anterior


    border of tibia & fibula

    Flexor retinaculum extends from medial malleolus ,passes downward & backward
    Attached to the medial surface of calcaenum

    DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY


    direct continuation of anterior tibial artery
    begins midway between the malleoli
    runs on the dorsum of the foot to the 1st
    interosseous space
    at the posterior end of the space it divides
    into deep plantar artery and arcuate artery
    deep plantar artery form the deep plantar
    arch

    POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY

    Larger terminal branch of popliteal artery


    Begins at the lower border of popliteus muscle
    Passes deep to flexor retinaculum
    Terminates by dividing into medial and lateral plantar
    arteries
    BRANCHES
    1.medial and lateral plantar arteries
    2.peroneal artery gives nutrient artery to fibular
    3.nutrient artery to tibia
    4.muscular and anastomotic branches

    PERONEAL ARTERY
    - largest and most important branch
    - begins inferior to the distal border of
    popliteus muscle
    - gives off branches to the popliteus muscle
    - muscles in the posterior
    - lateral compartments of the leg

    ARTERIES OF THE SOLE OF THE


    FOOT
    1.Medial plantar artery
    2.Lateral plantar artery
    - terminal branches of posterior tibial artery
    MEDIAL PLANTAR ARTERY
    - Smaller of the two terminal branches
    - Passes distally on the medial side of the foot
    - Supplies branches to the medial side of the toe
    - Gives off muscular, cutaneous, articular
    branches during its course

    Anterior Tibial Artery


    Medial Plantar Artery

    Posterior Tibial Artery

    Lateral Plantar Artery

    Lateral Tarsal
    Artery

    Arcuate Artery

    Digital Branch

    Deep Branch of
    Dorsal Pedalis
    Artery

    Plantar Arch

    Plantar Metatarsal
    Arteries

    Plantar Digital Arteries

    LATERAL PLANTAR ARTERY


    Larger of the two terminal branches
    Runs obliquely across the sole on the
    lateral side of the lateral plantar nerve
    Gives off calcaeneal, muscular, cutaenous
    branches
    Terminates by joining the deep plantar
    branch of the dorsalis pedis artery to form
    the plantar arch

    CLINICAL CORRELATES
    Arterial pulsations in the lower limb
    1.Femoral pulse - just below the inguinal groove at
    mid inguinal point
    2.Popliteal pulse - popliteal fossa
    3.Posterior tibial - pulse half way between the
    posterior surface of medial malleous and medial
    border of tendocalcaneus
    4.Dorsalis pedis pulse - felt along a line mid point
    between 2 malleoli to the 1st meta tarsal space

    VEINS
    1. SUPERFICIAL
    - SAPHENOUS VEINS

    2.DEEP
    - FEMORAL VEIN
    - POPLITEAL VEIN
    - TIBIAL VEINS

    VEINS

    SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP GROUP


    Blood from superficial will drain into
    deep veins through communicating
    veins
    SUPERFICIAL
    foot and leg veins drain into two
    major trunks :
    small saphenous vein
    great saphenous vein

    SUPERFICIAL VEINS

    Dorsal digital veins


    Common digital dorsal veins
    Dorsal venous arch
    (dorsum of foot)
    medial

    Large saphenous vein

    lateral

    Small saphenous vein

    SMALL SAPHENOUS
    VEIN
    - lateral side of dorsal
    venous arch
    - ascends on the lateral
    side of the foot

    - along the back popliteal


    fossa
    - empty into the popliteal
    vein.

    GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN


    - Longest vein in the body
    - begins in the dorsum of the foot (medial side of
    dorsal venous arch)
    - extends along the medial side of leg and thigh
    - receives many tributaries along the way.
    - Just below the medial aspect of the inguinal
    ligament
    - it pierces the deep fascia of the thigh
    - to enter the femoral vein via the saphenous
    opening 2.5cm below the inguinal ligament
    - has 10-20 valves

    Great saphenous vein

    TRIBUTARIES
    Posterior arch vein.
    A tributary from the small saphenous vein.
    The lateral and medial accessory saphenous
    veins
    The superficial veins external pudendal (genital area)
    superficial epigastric (abdomen)
    superficial circumflex iliac (upper lateral thigh)
    enter the vein at the groin.

    Varicose veins
    -Torturous dilated veins
    -Due to incompetence of the
    valves

    DEEP VEINS

    (upward continuation from


    venecomitanties of dorsalis pedis
    artery)

    Plantar digital vein

    DEEP VEINS

    - Correspond to the arteries in each region. Have the


    same names

    PLANTAR DIGITAL VEINS


    - unite to form 4 plantar meta tarsal veins

    - again unite to form the deep plantar arch


    Medial

    lateral plantar vein

    posterior tibial vein


    - Anterior tibial veins are the upward continuation of the
    venae comitanties of the dorsalis pedis artery

    ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TIBIAL VEINS


    - Begin at the lower end of the leg
    - Ascend upward to the popliteal fossa.
    - To form popliteal vein
    POPLITEAL VEIN
    - Formed by the union of the anterior and
    posterior tibial veins
    - at the distal border of popliteus muscle
    - Passes upward accompanying the popliteal
    artery
    - Ends at the adductor opening to become the
    femoral vein

    FEMORAL VEIN

    continuation of the popliteal vein in the thigh


    ends posterior to the inguinal ligament
    drains into the external iliac vein.
    in the femoral triangle, lies medial to femoral
    artery
    it receives - the profunda femoris vein
    - great saphenous vein
    - and other tributaries.

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