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    Basic Phonics Skills

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    Mellisa Chin
    This document discusses the key concepts and approaches in teaching phonics to children. It explains that phonics instruction teaches children the relationships between letters and sounds and how to use these relationships to read and write words. It describes two main approaches to teaching phonics: synthetic phonics which teaches sounds and letters in isolation first before blending, and analytic phonics which teaches sounds in connection with words. Key phonics concepts discussed include phonemes, graphemes, digraphs, blending, segmenting, substitution and deletion. Sight words and high frequency words are also addressed.

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    Basic Phonics Skills

    Uploaded by

    Mellisa Chin
    512 views17 pages
    This document discusses the key concepts and approaches in teaching phonics to children. It explains that phonics instruction teaches children the relationships between letters and sounds and how to use these relationships to read and write words. It describes two main approaches to teaching phonics: synthetic phonics which teaches sounds and letters in isolation first before blending, and analytic phonics which teaches sounds in connection with words. Key phonics concepts discussed include phonemes, graphemes, digraphs, blending, segmenting, substitution and deletion. Sight words and high frequency words are also addressed.

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    KSSR phonics, teaching of phonics, phonics as a reading strategy

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    This document discusses the key concepts and approaches in teaching phonics to children. It explains that phonics instruction teaches children the relationships between letters and sounds and how to use these relationships to read and write words. It describes two main approaches to teaching phonics: synthetic phonics which teaches sounds and letters in isolation first before blending, and analytic phonics which teaches sounds in connection with words. Key phonics concepts discussed include phonemes, graphemes, digraphs, blending, segmenting, substitution and deletion. Sight words and high frequency words are also addressed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    512 views17 pages

    Basic Phonics Skills

    Uploaded by

    Mellisa Chin
    This document discusses the key concepts and approaches in teaching phonics to children. It explains that phonics instruction teaches children the relationships between letters and sounds and how to use these relationships to read and write words. It describes two main approaches to teaching phonics: synthetic phonics which teaches sounds and letters in isolation first before blending, and analytic phonics which teaches sounds in connection with words. Key phonics concepts discussed include phonemes, graphemes, digraphs, blending, segmenting, substitution and deletion. Sight words and high frequency words are also addressed.

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    Basic Phonics Skills

    Pupils need to know


    the letters of the alphabet well
    the specific matches between sounds and
    letters in words(e.g. /ch/air/)
    that words are made up of separable sounds
    (awareness of phonemes)
    sentences are made up of words

    The KSSR English


    Language
    Syllabus
    The teaching of Phonics
    as one of the
    strategies to develop children basic literacy.

    What is Phonics?
    A method of teaching children to read (not

    something they need to learn)

    Phonics instruction teaches children the

    relationships between the letters


    (graphemes) of written language and the
    individual sounds (phonemes) of spoken
    language.

    It teaches children to use these relationships

    to read and write words.

    It is NOT Phonemic awareness.

    Theory of Phonics
    Children must learn that connections between

    letter patterns and the sounds they


    represent.
    The teacher must provide direct, explicit
    instruction about phonics rules and patterns.
    Children taught phonics using systematic
    phonics made better progress in reading and
    spelling.

    Issues
    English is complex:

    44 sounds represented by 26 letters


    Confusion because of the possible range of
    correspondence between a sound and spelling
    represented
    /f/: f - /fish/, ph - /photo/

    Issues
    A proportion of commonly used English

    language words that are not phonetically


    regular.(e.g. /ch/air,
    /ch/aracter, ma/ch/ine)
    75% of the English spelling system is
    phonetically regular the rest could be quite
    problematic .

    Approaches to teaching
    Phonics
    Synthetic Phonics
    Analytic Phonics

    Synthetic Phonics
    Sounds and corresponding letters are learnt

    first and in isolation


    Blending and segmenting are taught
    specifically and separately
    Read phonetically regular books

    Analytic phonics
    Sounds are taught in connection with words
    Children learn that multiple words share the

    same initial sound


    Learn phonics by deduction from texts e.g.
    bat, bus, beg, bill

    Phoneme
    Smallest unit of sound /-/

    e.g. /s/, /ch/,/ph/, /oi/oy/, /ee/,/ff/

    Grapheme
    Written form of the letters in the English

    alphabet
    a-z

    Digraph
    When 2 graphemes are combined to form a
    phoneme
    Consonant digraph ph - /f/, ff - /f/, kn - /n/, nn
    - /n/
    Vowel digraph ow - /ow/, ay - /ei/, ee - /e/, oo
    - /oo/

    Approaches to teaching
    Phonics
    Blending - to combine the individual sounds

    to letters to form words


    cat - /k/a/t/
    Segmenting to break down individual letter
    sounds to sound it correctly
    /h/a/t/ - hat

    Approaches to teaching
    Phonics
    Substitution - identify beginning, middle, and

    end sound of a word. Then change the


    beginning or end sound/letter
    e.g. cat ca/t/, ca/p/; /c/at/, /h/at/;
    Deletion - identify and omit the beginning or
    end sound of a word
    Word family a word ending consisting of a
    vowel and consonant combination e.g.
    /an/, /at/, /op/

    Sight & High frequency


    words
    Sight words need to be memorized on sight

    e.g. where, were, one, who, you


    High frequency words - words that occur
    frequently in English
    e.g. it, he, them

    Phonological awareness
    Pupils need to know that
    some written words are longer than the
    spoken form
    words are made of syllables
    that words rhyme

    Phonemic awareness
    Pupils need to
    understands that there are many words that
    start with the same sound
    know that spoken words are made up of
    individual sounds
    able to identify and manipulate individual
    sounds
    know that phonemes can be rearranged and
    substituted to make new words

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