Bab 2 Transformasi Laplace: Mathematician and Astronomer Pierre-Simon Laplace

Bab 2 Transformasi Laplace
mathematician and astronomer

Pierre-Simon Laplace
1
Transformasi Laplace,
[f(t)]
Definisi : Misalkan f(t) fungsi yang ditentukan

untuk semua t yang positip, maka Transformasi
Laplace dari f(t) adalah L f(t) dan ditulis:
f(t) F (s)
-st
f(t) dt
Transformasi Laplace
IVP = initial value problem

(kondisi awal)
Contoh
L 2
sx
2 dx
x 0
e sx
2
x 0
1
2(0 ( ))
Contoh
>fungsi sinusoidal
L{A sin t}= A
(sin t ) e
-st
dt
Transformasi dari t
Tabel Laplace (rekap)

f(t)
1
(t)
1(t)
e-at
t. e-at
Sin t
Cos t
F(s)
1
1
s
1
s2
1
sa
1
(s a ) 2
Impulsa
satuan
tangga
satuan
s 2 2
s
s 2 2
7
Tabel Laplace (lanj)

8
tn
t.e
10
(n=1, 2, 3, ..)
-at
(n=1, 2, 3, ..)
e sin t
-at
n!
s n 1
n!
(s a ) n 1
(s a ) 2 2
Sifat2/Teorema TL
Turunan
Sifat2/Teorema TL
Integral, S shifting, T shifting
10
Sifat2/Teorema TL
T Shiting, Convolution, Period
11
Theorem.
First Shifting Theorem
L{eatf(t)}=F(s+a)
Second Shifting
Theorem
L{u(tc)g(tc)}=ecsG(s
)
Initial value theorem:

Final value theorem:
if all poles of sF(s) are in the left half-plane
The final value theorem is useful because it gives
the long-term behaviour without having to
perform partial fraction decompositions or other
difficult algebra. If has poles in the right-hand
plane or on the imaginary axis,on contrary if one
pole is present on the imaginary axis atmost then
Final Value theorem can be applied. (e.g., if or )
the behaviour of this formula is undefined
12
Sifat-sifat/Teorema Transformasi
Laplace
13
(ii) L{ a f1(t) + b f2(t) } = a L{ f1(t) } + b L{ (t) }
Bila L{ f (t) } = F ( s )
(iii) L{ e
at
maka :
f(t) } = F ( s a )
n
d
F(s)
(iv) L{ tn f(t) } = (-1)n ds n
(v)
L{ f(t) } =
F (s) ds
s
14
Soal-soal
1
15
16
17
18
Unit Step
Function
u(t)
1
0; t 0
u (t )
1; t 0
1
L{u(t)}=
s
time (sec)
0
sin(t)
u(t)
time
Useful for representing

sudden changes
sin(t)u(t)
e.g. application of
sinusoid at t = 0
time
0
EC&S CHAPTER 2
19
Unit Impulse
Function
Mathematical representation of
short burst of input (lightning,
hammer blow, etc.)
Exact shape unimportant if
duration short relative to effects
1
T
approximation
to unit impulse
area = 1
1 st
L{(t)} = Lim e dt = 1
t 0 t
(t)
representation of
ideal unit impulse
Impulse functions sometimes used to

test system dynamics
0
EC&S CHAPTER 2
time
(sec)
time
(sec)
20
Transformasi Laplace
X ( s ) x (t ).e st dt
0
1
st
x(t )
X
(
s
).
e
ds
2j j
s j
X(s) = L[x(t)]
x(t) = L-1[X(s)]
21
Inverse Transformasi
Laplace
Pecahan Parsial X(s)
Jika X(s) berbentuk pecahan parsial yang
pembilang dan penyebutnya berbentuk
polinomial
P( s)
X ( s)
Q( s)
dimana derajat P(s) < derajat Q(s)
22
Kasus-kasus yang sering

dijumpai
Akar-akar Q(s) berbeda, tidak ada yang sama
P(s)
X ( s)
( s p1 )( s p2 )...( s pn )
An
A1
A2
X ( s)
...
( s p1 ) ( s p2 ) ( s pn )
Ak lim ( s pk ). X ( s )
s pk
k 1,2,...n
x(t) menjadi :
x(t ) A1e
p1t
A2 e
p2t
... An e
pn t
23
Q(s) mempunyai akar rangkap (berulang)
P (s)
X (s)
(s p1 ) r (s p 2 )...(s p n )
A 11
A 12
A 1r
X (s)
...
2
(s p1 ) (s p1 )
(s p1 ) r
A2
An
...
(s p 2 )
(s p n )
A k lim (s p k ).X (s)
s pk
A kl
1
d rl
r
lim
(
s
p
)
.X (s)
k
r l s p
k
( r l)! ds
spk
24
x(t) menjadi :
x(t) (A11 A 12 t A 13
2!
.. A 1r
r 1
).e
( r 1)!
p1t
A 2e
p2t
..
A n e pn t
Jika pi = pk*, maka penyelesaian dapat

diselesaikan secara khusus yang
menghasilkan x(t) merupakan fungsi Cosinus
dan Sinus
Q(s) difaktorkan menjadi

Q(s) (s (a jb))(s (a - jb))(s p3)(s p4)....(s pn)
Uraiannya
25
A3
An
A1
A2
X( s )
...
s ( a jb ) s ( a jb ) s p3
s pn
A1 dan A2 diperoleh dari pers berikut,
A1
K (a jb) .e j
2 jb
1
A2
K ( a jb) .e j
2 jb
P( s) 2
.( s 2as a 2 b 2 )
Q( s)
K (a jb)
s a jb
x(t) menjadi,
1
p3t
at
x(t ) K (a jb) .e .sin(bt ) A3e
..
b
An e pnt
26
Contoh
1
s4
( s 1)( s 2)( s 3)
A3
A1
A2
X (s)
s 1
s2
s3
s4
3
A1
( s 2)( s 3) s 1
2
X (s)
A2
s4
2
( s 1)( s 3) s 2
A3
s4
1
( s 1)( s 2) s 3
2
1
2
2
X (s)
s 1
s2
s3
t
2t
3t
1
x (t ) 3
e
2
e
e
2
2
3
t 0
27
s
X ( s)
( s 1)( s 2) 2
A1
A
A12
X ( s)
11
s 1 s 2 ( s 2) 2
A1
s
1
2
( s 2) s 1
A11
1
d s
1
1
2
( 2 1)! ds s 1 s 2 ( s 1) s 2
A12
1
s
2
( 2 2)! s 1 s 2
X ( s)
1
1
2
s 1 s 2 ( s 2) 2
x(t ) e t e 2t 2te 2t
t 0
28
1
X ( s)
s ( s 2 2 s 2)
A1
A2 s A3
X ( s)
2
s
s 2s 2
A1 ( s 2 2 s 2) s ( A2 s A3 )
X ( s)
s ( s 2 2 s 2)
( A1 A2 ) s 2 ( 2 A1 A3 ) s 2 A1
X ( s)
s ( s 2 2 s 2)
1
A1
2
1
A2
2
A3 1
29
s 1
X(s) 2
s s 2s 2
1
1 s2
2
X(s)
2
2
s 2 (s 1) 1
1
1
s 1
1
1
2
X(s)
2
2
2
2
s 2 (s 1) 1 2 (s 1) 1
1
1
2
x ( t ) e Cos t e Sin t
( t 0)
1
2
1
2
1
2
30
Soal soal Latihan
s4
s ( s 1)( s 2)
5s 1
X (s)
( s 5) 2 ( s 2)
75
X (s)
2
( s 6)( s 4 s 13)
31

Bab 2 Transformasi Laplace: Mathematician and Astronomer Pierre-Simon Laplace

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Bab 2 Transformasi Laplace: Mathematician and Astronomer Pierre-Simon Laplace

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Bab 2 Transformasi Laplace

mathematician and astronomer

Definisi : Misalkan f(t) fungsi yang ditentukan

IVP = initial value problem

L{A sin t}= A

Tabel Laplace (rekap)

Tabel Laplace (lanj)

First Shifting Theorem

Initial value theorem:

(ii) L{ a f1(t) + b f2(t) } = a L{ f1(t) } + b L{ (t) }

Useful for representing

Impulse functions sometimes used to

Kasus-kasus yang sering

Akar-akar Q(s) berbeda, tidak ada yang sama

Q(s) mempunyai akar rangkap (berulang)

Jika pi = pk*, maka penyelesaian dapat

Q(s) difaktorkan menjadi

Soal soal Latihan

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