National Conference on

Agriculture for Rabi Campaign

September 17, 2010

Rabi Strategy Increasing productivity of

Wheat
Region wise Recommendations

SS Singh
Project Director
DWR, Karnal

Wheat in
India
Second most important winter cereal after rice.

Bread wheat contributes approximately 95% to total

production
Remaining 4% from durum wheat and 1% from Dicoccum

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Global Wheat
Scenario

2nd largest producer in the

world next to China from
last 10 years

Top 10 wheat producers

(2009-10)
Country

Quantity (m
tons)

China

115.0

India

80.7

Russia

61.7

USA

60.3

France

39.4

Canada

26.5

Germany

25.1

Pakistan

24.0

Australia

22.5

Ukraine

20.0

Turkey

17.8

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

The Production
In last 25 yrs, moderate growth rate of 2.27 %.
Scenario
Year
Area
(m ha)

Wheat
Product Producti
ion
vity
(m t)
(t/ha)
69.7
2.7

200001

25.7

200102
200203
200304
200405
200506
2006-

26.3

72.8

2.8

25.2

65.8

2.6

26.6

72.1

2.7

26.4

68.6

2.6

26.7

69.4

2.6

28.5

74.9

2.6

Growth rate since 2000-01

is 1.77%.

Growth rate
(2006-07 to 2009-10)
Area 1.57 %
Production 3.67%
Productivity 1.75%

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Wheat Growing
Zones
Zone

Area covered

Area m ha
(%)

Northern Hills Zone

(NHZ)

Western Himalayan regions of J&K (except Jammu and Kathua distt.); H.P.
(except Una and Paonta Valley); Uttarakhand (except Tarai area); Sikkim and
hills of West Bengal and N.E. States

0.8 (2.9%)

North Western
Plains Zone (NWPZ)

Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan (except Kota and Udaipur divisions),

Western UP (except Jhansi division), parts of J&K (Jammu and Kathua
districts), HP (Una dist. and Paonta valley) and Uttarakhand (Tarai region)

11.3 (40.1%)

North Eastern Plains Eastern UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Assam and plains of NE
States
Zone (NEPZ)

9.5 (33.2%)

Central Zone (CZ)

MP, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Rajasthan(Kota and Udaipur divisions) and UP

( Jhansi division)

5.2 (18.1%)

Peninsular Zone
(PZ)
Southern Hills Zone
(SHZ)

Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, plains of Tamil Nadu

1.6 (5.4%)

Hilly areas of Tamil Nadu and Kerala comprising the Nilgiri and Palni hills of
southern plateau

0.1 (0.4%)

TOTAL

28.5

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Productivity of wheat growing states

(q/ha)

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

The yield gaps.

Zonal (q/ha)
WFLD Regional yield

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Wheat Targets - 2030 AD

90.0 m tons of wheat to feed our population by
the year 2030 A.D.

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

National Wheat Programme

DWR and AICW&BIP
DWR nodal centre of wheat & barley
research
Regional Stations
Flowerdale, Shimla
Dalang Maidan (>10,000)
46 Scientists (56 sanctioned strength)
presently at DWR
Breeding
- 11
Cytogenetics 02
Economic Botany - 01
Biotechnology 5
Crop Protection 10
Quality 04
Plant Physiology-01 (on deputation)
Resource Mgmt 07
Social Sc. 03
Statistics - 02

107 scientists from 31 funded centers

123 non-funded cooperating centers
National coordination: rice-wheat cropping
system

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

AICW&BIP Network:
Funded centers

Zone
NHZ
NWPZ

Centers
CSK-HPKV-Palampur, Bajaura & Dhaulakuan
SKUAS&T-Jammu, PAU-Ludhiana, CCSHAU-Hisar, RAU-Durgapura, SVBPUA&T, Modipuram, GBPUA&TPantnagar

NEPZ

AAU-Shillongani, RAU-Sabour, BAU-Ranchi, CSAUA&T-Kanpur, BHU-Varanasi, NDUA&T-Faizabad, Directorate of

Agriculture, Mantripukhri, BCKV-Kalyani, UBKV-Pundibari

CZ

IGKVV-Bilaspur, SDAU-Vijapur, JAU-Junagarh, JNKVV- Sagar, Powarkheda & Rewa, RVRSUA&T-Gwalior,

MPUA&T- Udaipur and Kota

PZ

UAS-Dharwad, MPKV-Niphad & Mahabaleshwar, ARI-Pune

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Indian Wheat Programme: Significant

Achievements
373 wheat varieties released in the country since 1965
122 genetic stocks for various traits
Advanced production technologies with Conservation Agriculture
No epidemic since last 4 decades due to advanced protection
strategies
Germplasm enrichment and sharing across the country
Infrastructure created to produce breeder seed to the tune of
30,000q
Quality parameters standardized for specific products
Strengthened the wheat research with partner countries for
global food security
Developed international linkages for wheat & barley research

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Constraints in wheat
production

Yield plateau in north western parts

Biotic stresses
Rusts
Stripe, Leaf & Stem

Leaf Blight
Karnal bunt
Powdery mildew
Aphids and termites
Weeds
Broad and narrow
leaved

Abiotic stresses

Drought
Heat

Early as well as
terminal

Suppressive
soils/Soil health
Salinity,
alkalinity
Nutrient deficient
soils

Other constraints
Availability of essential
inputs for timely sowing
Improved seed (More problem in
J&K, HP, Rajasthan)
Fertilizer availability (its
availability in required quantity
and at initial and growth stage, is
critical.
Irrigation water (Timely
availability of optimum quantity)
Use of Farm machinery

Infrastructure
Roads
Storage
Market

Extension facilities
Farmers need more awareness of
new improved varieties and
production technologies
Faster extension activities

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Major Issues : Wheat Improvement

Breaking yield barriers
Broadening of genetic base of varieties - prebreeding
o Through
use
of
winter
x
spring
hybridization
o Use of germplasm from the centre of origin
(ICARDA), Chinese germplasm
o New plant type approach
o Use of alien species for biotic and abiotic
stresses

Exploitation
hybrids

of

heterosis

for

developing

o Based on CMS system

Biotechnological interventions
o Gene pyramiding
o Marker aided selection for biotic, abiotic
and quality traits
o Structural and functional genomics

Abiotic Stresses climate change

o Heat and drought

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

New wheat varieties released

(2009-10)

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Wheat genetic stocks registered in 200910

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Breeder seed production 200910

Against an indent of 30968 q of breeder seed, the production was of 35049 q.

144 varieties in seed chain out of which Lok 1, PBW 343 and PBW 502 were the
varieties with highest seed production.

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Major Issues : Crop

Protection
Survey and surveillance for
monitoring diseases and insect-pest
IPM in wheat specially to manage the
diseases like KB, PM, LS and insects like
foliar & root aphids, termites, root
nematodes
Managing new emerging threats
o stem rust (Ug99),
o leaf rust (77-5, 77-10, 104-2)
o stripe rust (78S84, 46S119)
o Foliar blight
o Fusarium head blight (FHB)
Monitoring dynamics of diseases and
insect pest situation in new RCTs and in
view of changing climate

contd

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Rust diseases in Wheat

Leaf /brown
All Zones

Stripe /yellow
NWPZ &NHZ

Stem /black
CZ, PZ & SHZ

Directorate
Directorate of
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Wheat Research
Research

Puccinia Path in India

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Monitoring Yellow Rust

Area (Encircled) Intensively Surveyed Every Year

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Monitoring of Wheat Rusts in NWPZ during 2009-10

Date

Team composition

Areas covered

Dec. 15, 2009

Drs. Indu Sharma and Madhu Meeta

Ludhiana, Rajpura, Banur, Kalomajra,

Ramnagar (Punjab)

Dec. 16-18, 2009

Drs. MC Jat, KS Babu and Beant Singh

Parts of Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan

along international border

8 January, 2010

Dr. V. L. Majumdar

Tonk (Rajasthan)

11-12 January,
2010

Drs. Indu Sharma , M Prashar and KS

Babu

Bathinda, Mukatsar, Abohar and Hoshiarpur

(Punjab)

18 January, 2010

Drs. A. K. Sharma, M. C Jat and K. S.

Babu

Kaithal and Karnal (Haryana)

27-29 January,
2010

Drs. S.S.Karwasra, M S Beniwal and

Rajender Singh

Hisar, Jind, Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Karnal,

Yamuna Nagar and Ambala
(Haryana)

28 January, 2010

Drs. V. L. Majumdar, K. K. Bhargava

Dausa (Rajasthan)

10 February, 2010

Dr. M. Prashar

Ropar and Nawa Sahar (Punjab)

23 February, 2010

Drs. Indu Sharma and Daman Jeet

Kaur

Sangrur and Ludhiana (Punjab)

26 February, 2010

Dr. S. S. Singh, Project Director

Karnal, Panipat and Sonepat (Haryana)

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

19-21
February,
2010

Drs. S. S.
Karwasara,
Madhu Meeta and
M S Saharan

Punjab and Haryana

26-28
February,
2010

Dr. S. S. Singh

Haryana and Rajasthan

6 March,
2010

Drs. Indu Sharma

and Daman Jeet
Kaur

Ropar and Ludhiana

(Punjab)

6 March,
2010

Dr. V. L. Majumdar Kotputli (Rajasthan)

11 March,
2010

Dr. S. S. Singh

14-15 March,
2010

Drs. S. S. Singh
Punjab and Haryana
and M. S. Saharan

15 March,
2010

Drs. A. K. Sharma
and K. S. Babu

Punjab and Haryana

29 March,

Drs. A. K. Sharma

of
Directorate
Directorate
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research
Punjab
and Haryana

Karnal, Jind, Hisar and

Kaithal (Haryana)

Crop health scenario

based on survey and
surveillance
Disease free crop year.
Ug99 was not detected from any place in India.

Dominant Pathotypes of Rusts

Most frequent yellow rust
pathotypes
78S84 & 46S119
Most prevalent pathotypes of leaf
rust
121R63-1 (77-5), 21R55
(104-2), 21R63 (104-3) &
125R28-1 (77-11)

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Yellow Rust Epidemics in Neighboring

Countries
1994 96

Serious epiphytotics in Pakistan

due to new pathotype 46S119
(Yr 9 Virulence)

1993,19 Iran, losses > 30%

95

Saari and Nayar

(1998)
Torabi et al. (1995)

1990

Baluchistan,
Pakistan
(local Ahmed
white wheat); losses about USD (1991)
0.8m

et

al.

1990s

Several epidemics in Syria

Torabi and Nazari

(1998)

1988

On variety Maxipak in Pakistan,

losses 29 %

Mamluk et al.
(1989)

1970s

Serious disease in Afghanistan

Saari
and
Prescott( 1978)

Targeting Ug99, a new virulence of stem rust

Ug99 or TTKSK virulent on Sr31 was first time
detected in February 1999 in Uganda, East
Africa
Kenya in 2000
Ethiopia in 2001
Migrated to Sudan, Yemen in 2006 and Iran in
2007
Resistance genes effective against Ug99
Sr28, 29 and Tmp from Triticum aestivum
Sr2 and 13 from T. turgidum
Sr3, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, R
and 1A/1R from related species

Two Ug99 variants carrying separate virulences for

Sr24 and 36 have also been identified in 2008.

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Screening of Indian Wheat Material in Kenya

ICAR-BGRI Collaboration

Year

Entries

2005

22

2006

102

2008

318

2009*

420

2010**

241

Resistance to Ug99 (2009

results)
40 released varieties
22 in seed chain at present
21 Genetic Stocks

*Kenya & Ethiopia

** Under screening

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Major Issues : Resource

Management

Resource Conservation Technologies

o
o

Diversification /intensification of RWCS

o

o
o

Water harvesting (storage of rain water)

Genotypes with less water requirement

Integrated Weed Management

o
o

Balanced use of fertilizers

Conjunctive use of inorganic & organic
fertilizers
Correcting micro-nutrient deficiencies
improving C/N ratio

Integrated Water Management for

increasing WUE

Farm profitability under rice-wheat system

Integrated Nutrient Management

o
o

Sustaining wheat production & soil health

Residue management

Herbicide resistance
Weed dynamics

Farm Machineries
Fine tuning

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Frontline
demonstrations
805 WFLDs
conducted through 103 coordinating

centers, covering 819.87 ha area of 1753 farmers

in 18 states.
The maximum number of WFLDs were conducted
in UP (115) followed by Haryana (92), Bihar (79),
Punjab (61), Rajasthan (54) and Jharkhand (50)

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

New Initiative since 200910

Strategies for enhanced wheat
production

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

July 28, 2009 at DWR, Karnal

Chairman : Dr. SN Shukla, ADG (FFC), ICAR
October 8, 2009 at Kanpur
Chairman : Dr. SN Shukla, ADG (FFC), ICAR
August 14, 2010 at DWR, Karnal
Chairman : Sh. PK Basu, Secretary (A&C),
MoA, GOI
Participants

Director Agriculture of the states / representatives

Representative from NSC
Scientific staff of the DWR
Farmers representatives

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Major issues

Yellow rust in PBW 343 and strategies for faster replacement.

Sowing time of wheat
Need of short duration varieties for restricted irrigation
Varieties for rainfed areas of Uttaranchal and J&K
Imbalanced use of fertilizers
Unavailability of quality seeds
Water scarcity due to drought conditions.
Problem of salinity and
Shift in land use from agriculture to constructions.
The state-wise strategy plan was discussed and
recommendations were made.

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Major Follow Up in 200910

Varietal replacement of PBW 343 with DBW 17 & PBW 550
Use of tilt for control of diseases specially rust

Impact
Disease free crop year
Enhanced production

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Region wise Recommendations

for
Increased wheat
productivity

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Varietal Preference
Wheat
type

Production conditions
Normal sown
Late
Rainfed
sown

Sodic
soils /
Others

Northern Hills Zone (NHZ)

Western Himalayan regions of J&K (except Jammu and Kathua distt.); H.P.
(except Una and Paonta Valley); Uttarakhand (except Tarai area); Sikkim
and hills of West Bengal and N.E. States
Bread
wheat
VL, 907, VL 738,
HS 295, HS
VL 907, VL
HS
VL 804, HS 240, HW 420
5207

Tritical

738, HPW 42, 375 (For

HS
365, summer
VL829, VL832 sowing)
SKW 196
DT 46
-

e
Southern Hills Zone (SHZ)
Hilly areas of Tamil Nadu and Kerala comprising the Nilgiri and Palni
hills of southern plateau
Bread HUW 318, HW 1085,

Directorate
Directorate-of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research
-

Varietal Preference
Wheat
type

Production conditions
Normal sown
Late
Rainfed
sown
North Western Plains Zone (NWPZ)

Sodic soils /
Others

Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan (except Kota and Udaipur divisions), Western
UP (except Jhansi division), parts of J&K (Jammu and Kathua districts), HP (Una dist.
and Paonta valley) and Uttarakhand (Tarai region)
Bread
DBW 17, PBW 550, WH1021,
PBW299,
RAJ3077,
KRL-19,
wheat
PBW 502, PBW 343, PBW 373, UP PBW
175, KRL 210, KRL 213
WH 542, UP 2338, 2425,
WH
533,
HD 2687, HD2967
RAJ3077,
PBW 396
DBW16, RAJ
3765,PBW
590
Durum
PBW 34, PDW 215,
PDW 233, WH 896,
PDW 291, PDW 314
North Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ)
Eastern UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West
States
Bread
CBW 38, Raj 4120, HD2643, HP
wheat
K 0307, NW 1012, 1633,HP1744
HUW
,
NW1014,
468,PBW443,HD27 HW
2045,
33,HD2824,
K DBW
14,

Bengal, Assam and plains of NE

HDR77,K896
2,

RAJ3077,
KRL-19
KRL 210, KRL 213

9465,K8027,

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research
HD 2888,

Varietal Preference
Wheat
type

Production conditions
Normal sown

Late sown

Rainfed

Sodic soils /
Others

Central Zone (CZ)

MP, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Rajasthan(Kota and Udaipur divisions) and UP( Jhansi
division)
Bread
GW 190, GW GW 173, DL 788-2, HW 2004, JWS RAJ 3077, KRLwheat
273,
DL803-3, MP 4010, HD 2932, 17, HI 1500, 19,KRL
210,
GW 322, GW MP 1203, HD 2864 HI 1531,
KRL 213
366, HI 1544
Sujata
Durum
HI
8381,
HI
HD 4672, HI
8498, MPO 1215
8627
Peninsular Zone (PZ)
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, plains of Tamil Nadu
Bread
DWR162, MACS DWR
195,
HD K9644,HD278
_
wheat
2496, GW 322, 2501, NIAW 34, 1,
Raj 4037, NIAW HUW
510,
HD PBW596,HD
917, UAS 304,
2932, HI 977, HD 2987
MACS 6222,
2833, PBW 533,
MACS 6273
Raj 4083, AKAW
4627
Durum
MACS 2846, HI
AKDW 29978663, UAS 415
16 Directorate of Wheat Research
Directorate of Wheat Research
Dicoccum DDK 1025, DDK
-

Varietal replacement

Replacement of yellow rust susceptible varieties

PBW 343, PBW 502 and HD 2687 with DBW 17,
PBW 550 & WH 542.

Under late sown conditions (late basmati-wheat,

potato-wheat and sugarcane-wheat)
PBW 373 should be replaced with DBW 16, WH
1021, PBW 590, Raj 3765 as PBW 373 has
become susceptible to brown rust

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Varietal replacement
Eastern UP, Bihar
Under TSI conditions, varieties like HD 2733, HD 2824, PBW 443,
HUW 468 needs to be promoted and breeder seed production of
varieties like UP 262 and HUW 234 should be curtailed.
Under LSI conditions, varieties like DBW 14, NW 2036, HW 2045, NW
1014, K 8962 and HD 2643 should be promoted.
Madhya Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, Gujarat and Kota region
Lok 1 is still a reigning variety which needs replacement.
Under TSI, GW 322, GW 273 while under LSI cnditions HD 2864, MP
4010, DL 788-2 requires promotion.
For durums HI 8498 and HI 8381 are the best varieties for the area.
As these states have a sizeable area under rainfed or limited
irrigation
HI 1531, HI 1500 of bread wheat and HD 4672 and HD 8627 for
durum should be promoted while WH 147 should be phased out.

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Varietal replacement
Maharashtra, Karnataka
For TSI conditions GW 322, RAJ 4037, NIAW 917, DWR 162 and
MACS 2496 for bread wheat and MACS 2846 for durum
LSI sown conditions: PBW 533, HD 2833 and NIAW 34
Rainfed conditions: HD 2781, K 9644 for bread wheat and
AKDW 2997-16 for durum.
Non-traditional wheat growing area - Jharkhand, Orissa, West
Bengal and plains of N.E. States; some parts of the plains of
Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
Due to early onset of rains and to avoid pre-harvest
sprouting, these areas require short duration wheat varieties
like DBW 14, NW 2036, HW 2045. variety DBW 14 has shown
promise in Jharkhand and Assam
For plains of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh a state release
variety, CoW(W)-1 has been showing promise.

Directorate
Directorate of
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Wheat Research
Research

Plant Protection Measures

Replace with new resistant varieties for rust resistance
Spray the crop (susceptible varieties only) with propiconazole 25 EC
(Tilt 25 EC) @ 0.1% at yellow rust initiation. This spray will also help in
control of powdery mildew and Karnal bunt diseases.
Seed treatment with T. viride @ 4 g / Kg seed in combination with
carboxin 75 WP (Vitavax 75 WP) @ 1.25 g / Kg seed or tebuconazole
2 DS (Raxil 2 DS) @ 1.0 g / Kg seed.

For managing cereal cyst nematode (CCN) in dry belt of northern Rajasthan
CCN resistant wheat variety - Raj MR-1
Barley varieties - RD 2035 and RD 2052.

Directorate
Directorate of
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Wheat Research
Research

Resource Management
Sowing time

The average temperature at sowing : around 2310C

Timely sown : 5th to11th Nov. ; Late sown : 10th to 16th Dec.
Seed Rate:

timely sown conditions : 100 kg/ha

late andmethods:
rainfed conditions : 125 Kg/ha (increased by 25%)
Sowing
In lines using fertilizers-cum-seed drills and discourage
broadcast sowing
Row to row spacing : 23cm (timely sown) and 18 cm (late
sown)
Seeding depth : around 4-5 cm.
Zero till and rotary till drill can be used for economising cost of
cultivation.
Use of rotary tiller followed by broadcasting of seed
and fertilizer causes the lodging problem leading to
reduced yields. Thus, Rotary tiller having drilling
mechanism for seed and fertilizer should Directorate
only
be
used.
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Nutrient management

Use of recommended doses of the fertilizers (NPK)

Nitrogen use efficiency is more when fertilizer is placed by drill
1/3rd N application at sowing and 2/3rd at first node stage.
Supplementing inorganic fertilization (NPK) with Zn and FYM increases
the wheat yield.
Application of K is necessary.
Micronutrient deficiency appears under light soils under intensive
cropping especially in rice-wheat cropping system.
In sulfur deficient soils, SSP, Cosavet -90 WDG (10 kg/ha) or
gypsum (250 kg/ha) can be applied. : increasing yield and protein
content.
Zinc sulphate should be applied @ 25kg/ha once in rice-wheat
system or 2-3 foliar spray of 0.5% zinc sulphate (21% zinc) at 15DI
In Mn deficient soil, spray 0.5% managanese sulphate solution 2-4
days before first irrigation and two to three sprays afterwards at
weekly intervals on clear sunny day.

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Nutrient management
Sowing conditions

Irrigated timely sown

NWPZ
&
NEPZ

Time of sowing

150:60:40 kg NPK /ha

1/3 N +P + K at sowing and
2/3 at first node stage i.e. 35-40 DAS

Irrigated late sown

120:60:40 kg NPK /ha

1/3 N +P + K at sowing and
2/3 at first node stage i.e. 35-40 DAS

Rainfed

60:30:20 kg NPK/ha
at the time of sowing

Sowing conditions

Irrigated timely sown

NHZ,
CZ, PZ
& SHZ

Time of sowing

120:60:40 kg NPK /ha

1/3 N +P + K at sowing and
2/3 at first node stage i.e. 35-40 DAS

Irrigated late sown

90:60:40 kg NPK /ha

1/3 N +P + K at sowing and
2/3 at first node stage i.e. 35-40 DAS

Rainfed

60:30:20 kg NPK/ha
at the time of sowing

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Weed management
Sulfosulfuron / pendimethalin
both grassy and non-grassy weeds
Clodinafop / fenoxaprop / pinoxaden
specific to grasses.
Sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron or isoproturon +2,4-D / metsulfuron
Complex weed flora
Grass herbicides (clodinafop, fenoxaprop, pinoxaden) should not
be tank mixed with either 2,4-D or metsulfuron and to avoid
antagonism the grass and broad-leaved herbicides should be
applied sequentially.
Pinoxaden can also be used in barley for grassy weed control.

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Short term strategies for states of Punjab

and Haryana
Improving soil health
RWCS: high pressure on land resulting in decline in total factor
productivity.

Addition of organic matter to soil through

green manuring, crop residue recycling, balanced fertilisation and
integrated nutrient management.
Diversification/intensification of RWCS by including pulse crops
Minimum soil disturbance with residue retention at the soil
surface
help in water conservation as well as slow decomposition and thus
building up the organic carbon status of the soil solution to crop
residue burning
Correction of micro-nutrient deficiency Zn, S, Mn
Integrated management for weed control especially Phalaris
minor

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Short term strategies for other states

Availability of essential inputs for timely sowing the most
important factor
Improved seed (More problem in Eastern UP, Bihar problem in
60% wheat growing area as seed replacement is very low)
a bouquet of latest and improved varieties for different production
conditions are available need more breeder seed of recent
released varieties
Fertilizer - availability (its availability in required quantity and
at initial and growth stage, is critical) and its balanced use
Irrigation water (Timely availability is important)
Farm machinery (Mechanization is on a lower scale in
northeastern, central and peninsular parts)
Infrastructure development roads, storage and market

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Long-term strategies for increasing wheat

production
Breaking yield barriers
Developing wheat hybrids through CMS approach
Broadening of genetic base of varieties
Through use of winter x spring hybridization
Use of Chinese germplasm
Use of wild species for biotic and abiotic
stresses
Biotechnological interventions
Gene pyramiding
Marker aided selection for biotic, abiotic and
quality traits
Structural and functions genomics

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Long-term strategies for increasing wheat

production

Sustainability of rice-wheat system through

Resource conservation technologies
Refinement of machines
Developing tillage specific varieties
Diversification/intensification
Water and nutrient use efficiency
Tackling weeds and pests under new tillage
Residue management
Land leveling through laser leveler
Improving soil health
Increasing carbon content
Correction of micro-nutrient deficiencies/toxicity
Balance use of fertlizers
Organic farming

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Long-term strategies for increasing wheat

production

Use of agriculturally important micro-organisms

Bio-agents
Biological control of pests and diseases
Integrated pest management
Survey and surveillance for new races
Combating rusts through durable resistance
New race of yellow rust 78S84
New race of black rust Ug99
Creating effective resistance against leaf blight and Karnal bunt
Newly emerging problems of termites and aphids
Wheat quality improvement
Developing product specific varieties
Increasing protein content, sedimentation value and grain hardness to match
international standards
Improving beta carotene and protein content and semolina recovery in durums
Biofortification
Collaboration between research institutions and wheat based industry

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Special Recommendations
Phase out of old susceptible cultivars
Checking introduction of varieties in
non-recommended areas
Improving storage facility
Incentives for profitable crop
production

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research

Thanks

Directorate
Directorate of
of Wheat
Wheat Research
Research