Computer Software

Computer Software
Learning Objectives
Describe several important trends occurring in
computer software.
Give examples of several major types of
application and system software.
Explain the purpose of several popular
software packages for end user productivity
and collaborative computing.
Outline the functions of an operating system.
Describe the main uses of software
programming languages and tools.
Software
Types of software
Application software
System software
Application software for end users

Application-specific
General-purpose
Perform common information processing jobs
Sometimes known as productivity packages
Software Suites and Integrated Packages
Suites are a number of

productivity packages bundled
together
Microsoft Office
Lotus SmartSuite
Corel WordPerfect Office
Sun StarOffice

(continued)
Advantages of suites
Cost
Similar graphical user interface
Share common tools
Programs are designed to work
together
Disadvantages of suites
Large size
Many features never used by many end
users

(continued)
Integrated Packages
Combine SOME of the features of
several programs
Cannot do as much as individual
packages or suites
Web Browsers
Key software interface to the

hyperlinked resources of the
World Wide Web and the rest of
the Internet
Internet Explorer
Netscape Communicator
Electronic Mail and Instant Messaging
E-Mail
Has changed the way people work
and communicate
Instant Messaging
An e-mail/computer conferencing
hybrid technology
Allows real time
communication/collaboration
Word Processing and Desktop Publishing

Word Processing
Has computerized the creation, editing,
revision, and printing of documents.
Advanced features
Desktop Publishing
Design and print newsletters, brochures,
manuals, and books
Electronic Spreadsheets
Used for business analysis,

planning, and modeling
Involves designing its format
and developing the relationships
(formulas)
Presentation Graphics
Helps convert numeric data

into graphic displays
Helps prepare multimedia
presentations
Easy to use
Personal Information Managers
For end user productivity and

collaboration
Store, organize, and retrieve
information
Information about customers

Appointments
Contact lists
Task lists
Schedules
Groupware
Collaboration software
Helps workgroups and teams work
together to accomplish group
assignments
Combines a variety of software
features and functions
E-mail
Discussion groups and databases
Scheduling
Task management
Audio and videoconferencing
Data sharing
System Software Overview
Programs that manage and

support a computer system and its
information processing activities
Serves as the software interface
between computer networks and
hardware and the application
programs of end users
System Software Overview (continued)
Two major categories

System management programs
Operating systems
Network management programs
Database management systems
System utilities
System development programs

Programming language translators &
editors
CASE (computer-aided software
engineering)
Operating Systems
Integrated system of programs

that
Manages the operations of the CPU
Controls the input/output and
storage resources and activities of
the computer system
Provides various support services
as the computer executes
application programs
Operating Systems (continued)
Performs five basic functions

Provides a user interface
Allows humans to communicate with
the computer
Command-driven
Menu-driven
Graphical user interface
Five basic functions (continued)

Resource management
Manages the hardware and networking
resources of the system
Virtual memory capability

File management
Controls the creation, deletion, and
access of files of data and programs
Keeps track of the physical location of
files

Task management
Manages the accomplishment of the
computing tasks of end users
Multitasking
Multiprogramming
Timesharing

Popular Operating Systems
Windows
95, 98, ME
NT
2000
XP
Popular operating systems

(continued)
UNIX
Linux
Mac OS X
Database Management Systems

Controls the development, use, and
maintenance of databases.
Helps organizations use their
integrated collections of data records
and files
Allows different user application
programs to easily access the same
database
Simplifies the process of retrieving
information from databases
Other System Management Programs
Utility Programs
Perform miscellaneous
housekeeping and file conversion
functions
Data backup
Data recovery
Virus protection
Data compression
Data defragmentation
Performance monitors and security

monitors
Programming Languages
Allows a programmer to develop

the sets of instructions that
constitute a computer program
Machine Language
First generation language
Written using binary codes unique
to each computer
Programming Languages (continued)
Assembler Language
Second generation
Requires language translator programs
called assemblers
Allows a computer to convert the
instructions into machine instructions
Frequently called symbolic language
High-level Languages
Third generation
Uses instructions, called
statements, that use brief
statements or arithmetic
expressions
Uses translator programs called
compilers or interpreters
Syntax and semantics
Fourth-generation Languages
(4GLs)
More nonprocedural and
conversational than prior languages
Natural languages
Ease of use gained at the expense
of some loss in flexibility
Object-Oriented Languages
(OOP)
Ties data elements to the
procedures or actions that will be
performed on them into objects
Easier to use and more efficient
for programming GUIs
Programming Software
Helps programmers develop

computer programs
Two basic categories
Programming language translators
Programming tools
Programming Software (continued)
Language Translator Programs

Assembler
Translates symbolic instruction codes
into machine language instructions
Compiler
Translates high-level language
statements
Interpreter
Translates and executes each
statement in a program one at a time
Programming Software (continued)
Programming Tools
Programming editors and debuggers
Provides a computer-aided
programming environment
Code generators
Libraries of reusable objects & code
The End

Computer Software

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Computer Software

Application software for end users

Software Suites and Integrated Packages

Suites are a number of

Software Suites and Integrated Packages

Software Suites and Integrated Packages

Key software interface to the

Electronic Mail and Instant Messaging

Word Processing and Desktop Publishing

Used for business analysis,

Helps convert numeric data

Personal Information Managers

For end user productivity and

Information about customers

System Software Overview

Programs that manage and

System Software Overview (continued)

Two major categories

System development programs

Integrated system of programs

Operating Systems (continued)

Performs five basic functions

Operating Systems (continued)

Five basic functions (continued)

Operating Systems (continued)

Five basic functions (continued)

Operating Systems (continued)

Five basic functions (continued)

Operating Systems (continued)

Popular operating systems

Database Management Systems

Other System Management Programs

Performance monitors and security

Allows a programmer to develop

Programming Languages (continued)

Programming Languages (continued)

Programming Languages (continued)

Programming Languages (continued)

Helps programmers develop

Programming Software (continued)

Language Translator Programs

Programming Software (continued)

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