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    Nox Abatement Technologies

    Uploaded by

    Mohita Jaiswal
    This document discusses various technologies for reducing NOx emissions from combustion sources. It describes the main sources of NOx formation and several emission control methods. These include: 1. Changing fuel types like using lower nitrogen coal or natural gas to reduce thermal NOx, or biofuels which can lower most emissions except NOx may increase slightly. 2. Exhaust gas recirculation which lowers combustion temperatures to reduce thermal NOx but can increase soot and wear out engines more quickly. 3. Over fire air which introduces air above the main flame zone and can reduce NOx by 30-60% but may increase CO emissions and change furnace temperatures. 4. Selective catalytic reduction and

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    Nox Abatement Technologies

    Uploaded by

    Mohita Jaiswal
    118 views16 pages
    This document discusses various technologies for reducing NOx emissions from combustion sources. It describes the main sources of NOx formation and several emission control methods. These include: 1. Changing fuel types like using lower nitrogen coal or natural gas to reduce thermal NOx, or biofuels which can lower most emissions except NOx may increase slightly. 2. Exhaust gas recirculation which lowers combustion temperatures to reduce thermal NOx but can increase soot and wear out engines more quickly. 3. Over fire air which introduces air above the main flame zone and can reduce NOx by 30-60% but may increase CO emissions and change furnace temperatures. 4. Selective catalytic reduction and

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    technologies for nitrogen oxide control

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    This document discusses various technologies for reducing NOx emissions from combustion sources. It describes the main sources of NOx formation and several emission control methods. These include: 1. Changing fuel types like using lower nitrogen coal or natural gas to reduce thermal NOx, or biofuels which can lower most emissions except NOx may increase slightly. 2. Exhaust gas recirculation which lowers combustion temperatures to reduce thermal NOx but can increase soot and wear out engines more quickly. 3. Over fire air which introduces air above the main flame zone and can reduce NOx by 30-60% but may increase CO emissions and change furnace temperatures. 4. Selective catalytic reduction and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    118 views16 pages

    Nox Abatement Technologies

    Uploaded by

    Mohita Jaiswal
    This document discusses various technologies for reducing NOx emissions from combustion sources. It describes the main sources of NOx formation and several emission control methods. These include: 1. Changing fuel types like using lower nitrogen coal or natural gas to reduce thermal NOx, or biofuels which can lower most emissions except NOx may increase slightly. 2. Exhaust gas recirculation which lowers combustion temperatures to reduce thermal NOx but can increase soot and wear out engines more quickly. 3. Over fire air which introduces air above the main flame zone and can reduce NOx by 30-60% but may increase CO emissions and change furnace temperatures. 4. Selective catalytic reduction and

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    NOx ABATEMENT

    TECHNOLOGIES

    Sources Of NOx Formation


    Thermal NOx - thermal fixation of atmospheric N2 in combustion air.
    Fuel NOx - conversion of chemically bound N2 in fuel.
    Prompt NOx - combustion of hydrocarbon fragments and atmospheric
    N2.

    Emission Control
    Technologies

    Change In Type Of Fuel


    Use of better grade coal.
    Nitrogen
    content(%)

    India

    Indonesia

    1.2

    1.02

    Use of natural gas


    India has total 38 billion reserves , which can
    last only for 29 yrs.

    Continued
    Use of bio fuel
    s.no.

    Emission
    type

    b100

    b20

    1.

    Total
    Unburned
    Hydrocarbons

    -67%

    -20%

    2.

    Carbon
    Monoxide

    -48%

    -12%

    3.

    Particulate
    Matter

    -47%

    -12%

    4.

    NOx

    +10%

    +2% to
    -2%

    Exhaust Gas Recycle

    Recirculating a portion of
    exhaust gas back to engine
    cylinders.
    Results in lower
    combustion chamber
    temperature.
    Limits the amount of
    oxygen in the combustion
    chamber.

    Continued
    Disadvantages
    Reduces temperature of combustion chamber.
    Increases the production of soot.
    Adds abrasive contaminants & increases
    engine oil acidity.
    Deposition of particulate matter on cylinder
    wall and in lubricating oil.
    Deterioration and wear of combustion
    chamber.

    Over Fire Air


    Close coupled over fire air
    Efficiency (30-50%)

    Separate over fire air


    Efficiency (40-60%)

    Disadvantages
    Increase in CO emissions
    Changes the temperature distribution in the furnace section

    Selective Catalytic Reduction


    This method involves selective reduction of NO x over O2 in presence of a catalyst.
    Reaction temperature
    Low temperature SCR (350-500 C)
    Conventional SCR(650-850C)
    High temperature SCR(850-1200C)

    4NO+4NH3+O24N2+6H2O
    6NO2+8NH37N2+12H2O

    Disadvantages
    Emission of unreacted NH3.
    Emission of N2O may result at high
    temperatures due to NH3 oxidation.
    2NH3+2O2N2O+3H2O
    SO2 may be oxidised to SO3,which reacts with
    ammonia to form salt.
    Catalyst may also be deactivated.

    Selective Non Catalytic Reduction


    In the SNCR process flue gas is reduced to N2 by reaction
    with NH3 or urea (CO(NH2)2)at a high temperature (15002100C).
    H2NCONH2 + 2NO + 1/2O22N2+CO2+H2O

    Advantages Of SNCR
    It is a cost-effective method for control of NO x
    emissions.
    SNCR is easy to retrofit and requires little
    capital cost.
    It is especially suited to developing countries.

    Disadvantages

    NH3 slip
    Formation of NH4HSO4 which may corrode or
    plug equipment.
    Significant CO emissions may result from
    urea-based systems.

    Other Less Popular Methods


    Humid Air Method
    Water Injection and Water emulsion
    High Scavenge Pressure and Compression
    Ratio
    Addition of additives

    References
    www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026974919880099
    7
    www.rff.org/rff/Documents/RFF-DP-08-02.pdf
    www.mpr.com/uploads/news/nox-reduction-coal-fired.pdf
    www.irjes.com/Papers/vol2-issue6/Version-1/D02063141.pd

    Thank you

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