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    Repair

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    concrete

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    90 views22 pages

    Repair

    Uploaded by

    ईशान्त शर्मा
    concrete

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    DISTRESS OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES

    & THEIR REPAIR TECHNIQUES


    CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS III
    PRESENTED BY: MOHAMMAD ZAID & MOHAMMAD FARZAN
    PRESENTED TO : AR. KHALID HASAN

    INTRODUCTION
    If a building has given about 25v to 30 years of service without much
    maintenance or repair then it is reasonable to expect that it would need
    some repair sooner or later.
    CATEGORIES OF REASONS DISTRESS OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES
    1.

    WEATHERING

    2.

    AGEING

    3.

    ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

    4.

    INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE

    5.

    POOR DESIGNING AND CONSTRUCTION QUALITY

    6.

    CHANGE OF LOADING PATTERN OR NON CONVENTIONAL LOADING ON


    STRUCTURE

    7.

    WATER LEAKAGE LEADING TO CORROSION OF CONCRETE STRUCTURE

    PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE STRUCTURE DEPENDS UPON:


    1.

    QUALITY OF CONCRETE

    2.

    AMBIENT CONDITIONS

    EXPECTED SERVICE LIFE OF STRUCTURES


    Life span of RCC is generally taken as 100 years
    EXPECTED CONVENTION ABOUT DESIGN LIFE SPAN
    Monumental structure like temple ,mosque or church is 500 to
    1000 yrs.
    Steel bridges ,steel buildings or similar structures is 100 to 150
    yrs.
    Concrete bridges or hign rise buildings or stone bridges is 100
    yrs.
    A house or general building is 60 to 80 yrs.
    Highways :concrete pavement for about 30 to 35 yrs and

    COMMON FAILURE MODES OF R.C.C.


    Cracks, potholes and erosion of the top layer of
    concrete, rusting of reinforcement, splitting etc.
    Cracking is the most common phenomenon in
    concrete structures.
    Cracking of concrete section cannot be
    prevented but size and location of the cracks can
    be limited & controlled by reinforcement,
    placement of control joint, and better concreting
    and curing

    CAUSES OF EARLY DETERIORATION OF CONCRETE


    STRUCTURES
    Poor workmanship : untrained man power and bad
    quality of construction
    Inadequate cover to reinforcement.
    Loosely fitted joints.
    Excessive water cement ratio
    The IS: 456:2000 has laid down upper limits for water
    cement ratio, normally it need about 15 to 18 lts. Of water
    per 50kg bag of cement.
    With this quantity of water concrete will be stiff and
    uncompact able so we mix additional water for workability.
    This extra water after evaporation leaves out minute

    Inadequate concrete cover


    Bars are not bent accurately or may not be
    effectively fixed to ensure that specified gap is
    left between bars and form work while often not
    only bars touch formwork but also the binding
    wires loose ends and the steel bars are seen at
    the surface of concrete.
    In that case, they are prone to moisture.
    Honey comb or Un vibrated concrete
    Porous concrete is a major source of weakness in
    concrete.
    Un-compacted concrete results in honey combing
    which gives low compressive strength and

    Cold joints or bad construction


    joints
    A cold joint is a joint where fresh concrete is
    placed against a previous un-compacted concrete
    which has already hardened due to lapses of time
    that is more than concrete setting time.

    Inadequate reinforcement
    Many a contractor does not put enough
    reinforcement in concrete structural member s
    and hence it fails under tension.

    Wrong placing of reinforcement


    Many times contractors do not know the correct

    Inadequate cement quantity


    IS: 456:2000 has laid down the minimum quantity
    in concrete.
    Minimum quantity of cement is needed not only
    to coat the fine and coarse aggregate particles
    but also to fill the voids between the aggregate
    particles and to provide a thicker fill of cement
    grout for easy workability.
    Congested reinforcement bars
    Too many steel bars in narrow and slender RCC
    columns, walls or beams results in NO room for
    having cover in concrete nor for inserting a
    needle vibrator to ensure full compaction leading

    Initially rust steel bars


    Alkali aggregate reactivity
    Under most conditions the reaction causes
    excessive expansion and cracking of concrete
    after few months or year.
    Effect of weather and water leakage
    Weather causes structure to delay.
    Prolong exposure to polluted environ,ent and acid
    rain can give weathered concrete anfd corrode
    metal ties and fastenings.

    Porous cover blocks


    Having incorrect mix proportions and water
    cement ratio.
    These are usually fixed to the steel bars at about
    one meter centers and if they are porous they
    become the starting source of decay as they
    permit the ingress of moisture.

    EFFECTS OF CRACKING ON LIFE OR


    DURABILIY OF STRUCTURE
    Understanding of cracks in concrete will help us to
    avpoid failures of concrete on one hand, avoidable
    worries and expenditure on other hand .

    Reduce loading capacity of structure


    Progressive failure
    Loss of appearance
    Leakages

    Apprehension of failure in mind

    Controlling cracks
    Better concrete mix design
    Friendly environment condition at the time of
    concreting at site.
    Have dense concrete
    Use low heat of pozzolanic cement in mass
    concreting.

    IDENTIFICATION OF DISTRESSED
    LOCATIONS ON STRUCTURES
    PRELIMINARY INSPECTION
    Carry out a preliminary inspection possibly with some testing in
    order to get characterize the nature of problem and to plan the
    detailed investigations.
    Detailed inspection
    Checking the strength of concrete
    Chemical analysis on concrete
    Corrosion test
    Conclusion from investigation
    In majority of cases ,the cause of damage can be tracked to the
    following singly or in combination:
    Low cover to steel
    Permeable concrete

    REPAIR
    Repair refers to modification of structure,
    damaged in its appearance or serviceability, to
    restore, partly or wholly, the pre-existing
    characteristics of serviceability, load-bearing
    capacity and if necessary, to improve its
    durability.
    Repair techniques are used to restore the
    structural integrity and shape of a concrete
    element and generally include removal of
    damaged concrete and replacement of new
    concrete.

    GENERAL REPAIR PROCEDURE


    Surface preparation and protection of
    reinforcement
    Chipping of defective or deteriorated concrete should
    be done till all defective concrete is removed.
    During repairs structural load carrying members must
    be supported.
    Remove all rust from steel bars if it is reinforced
    member. In concrete rust is like cancer.
    The old concrete of masonry surface should be made
    rough to give proper mechanical bond.
    Wash and clean the entire surface before taking up
    repairs
    Bonding material / epoxy should be applied between old
    and new concrete.
    Spraying of water at regular intervals on inclined or

    MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR CRACK


    REPAIR
    Repair materials can be of following types:
    Cement bound
    Polymer cement bound
    Resin hardener bound(epoxy)
    Following materials are generally used in crack
    repair:
    1. Low viscosity epoxy materials
    2. Epoxy modified mortar
    3. Polyurethane based coating over epoxy mortar
    4. Elastomeric concrete
    5. Fiber reinforced concrete

    Low viscosity epoxy material


    Designed for grouting gaps of low width of about 0.5 to
    10mm. Epoxy compound like RESICRETE of SWC or
    CONVEXTRA EP10 of FORSROC which is normally supplied
    as two component product consisting of base and
    hardener that is filler and polymer can be used.
    Epoxy modified mortar
    Epoxy mortar is a common material used for repair of
    concrete surfaces in general. It cannot be used in open
    surfaces as it is non UV resistant
    Polyurethane based coating over epoxy mortar
    As epoxy mortars are non UV resistors ,but still have good
    strength so they can be used with a coating of this
    material.
    Elastomeric concrete
    An epoxy material used in repairs not only in slabs and

    Fiber reinforced concrete


    It is a concrete with small sized aggregates, cement sand
    mortar and some type of hair .Various types of hair can
    be:

    Steel fibers
    Carbon fibers
    Glass fibers
    Polypropylene fibers

    Generally polypropylene fiber is used.

    Ferro cement
    Term Ferro cement is applied to a mixture of Portland
    cement and sand reinforced with layers of woven or
    expanded steel mesh and closely spaced small diameter
    steel rods. Construction made with this is more resistant
    to earthquakes.

    SOME SPECIFIC REPAIR TECHNIQUE FOR


    CONCRETE SURFACE
    1. Cracking of concrete surface up to certain depth:
    a) Cracks up to depth of 0 to 20 mm category A
    b) Cracks between depth of 20 to 50-category B
    c) Cracks to depth of more than 50mm-category C
    1. Weather effects on concrete or rusting of reinforcement
    category D
    2. Blowholes and streak marks on concrete-category E
    3. Honeycombing in concrete category F
    4. Holes in concrete or potholes or holes in road category G
    Repair methods-anyone of the above materials can be used
    with following described methods
    Application by hand
    Casting into formwork fixed into existing concrete surface

    ASSESMENT OF QUALITY OF STRUCTURE


    SOON AFTER ITS CONSTRUCTION
    As the repair of structural element of building is over,
    it is desirable hat soundness of structure is assed with
    the help of non-destructive testing technique. Some
    NDTs which are available are:

    Pulse velocity measurement method (PVM)


    Cover meter
    Rebound hammer or similar methods
    Core cutting and testing of critical spots

    Through these methods the strength of concrete,


    depth of cover, cracks, voids, if any can be found.

    REQUIREMENT FOR TRAINING FOR CONCRETE


    REPAIR AND CONCRETE WORKERS
    To achieve good quality of work it is necessary to have
    skilled workers at site.
    Like masons know the importance of water, right
    placement of reinforcement, mixing ingredients etc.
    Training should look that construction workers are
    trained for correct process and quality procedure with
    practical sessions and hands on work.

    THANK YOU

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