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    Classes & Objects: By: Maria Cristina B. Nazareno

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    Cristy Balubayan Nazareno
    The document discusses classes and objects in Java. It defines classes as templates that describe behaviors and states of objects. Objects are specific instances of classes that have fields to store values and methods to perform actions. The document contrasts instance variables and methods that are unique to each object with static variables and methods that are shared among all objects of a class. It also describes how to define classes and create objects, and explains accessors and constructors to control access to class fields and initialize objects.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Classes & Objects: By: Maria Cristina B. Nazareno

    Uploaded by

    Cristy Balubayan Nazareno
    61 views14 pages
    The document discusses classes and objects in Java. It defines classes as templates that describe behaviors and states of objects. Objects are specific instances of classes that have fields to store values and methods to perform actions. The document contrasts instance variables and methods that are unique to each object with static variables and methods that are shared among all objects of a class. It also describes how to define classes and create objects, and explains accessors and constructors to control access to class fields and initialize objects.

    Original Description:

    Java programming

    Original Title

    Lesson Week1

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses classes and objects in Java. It defines classes as templates that describe behaviors and states of objects. Objects are specific instances of classes that have fields to store values and methods to perform actions. The document contrasts instance variables and methods that are unique to each object with static variables and methods that are shared among all objects of a class. It also describes how to define classes and create objects, and explains accessors and constructors to control access to class fields and initialize objects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    61 views14 pages

    Classes & Objects: By: Maria Cristina B. Nazareno

    Uploaded by

    Cristy Balubayan Nazareno
    The document discusses classes and objects in Java. It defines classes as templates that describe behaviors and states of objects. Objects are specific instances of classes that have fields to store values and methods to perform actions. The document contrasts instance variables and methods that are unique to each object with static variables and methods that are shared among all objects of a class. It also describes how to define classes and create objects, and explains accessors and constructors to control access to class fields and initialize objects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 14

    CLASSES & OBJECTS

    by: maria cristina b. nazareno

    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno

    2/12/16

    INTRODUCTION
    Java is an Object-Oriented Language. As a language that has the
    Object Oriented feature, Java supports the following fundamental
    concepts:
    Polymorphism
    Inheritance
    Encapsulation
    Abstraction
    Classes
    Objects
    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno

    Instance

    2/12/16

    WHAT ARE OBJECTS?


    What are objects and what are not objects?
    Objects: bicycle, book, lamp, song, meeting
    Non-objects: green, 30% of all pencils, large

    If you can touch it, name it, or talk about it, it is likely
    to be an object.
    Objects can be physical things or conceptual.
    Humans seem to want to think in terms of objects and
    their relationships with each other.

    In Java, an object is a specific, concrete


    instance of a class.
    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno

    2/12/16

    WHAT IS A CLASS?
    A class can be defined as a template/blue
    print that describes the behaviors/states that
    object of its type support.

    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno

    2/12/16

    CLASS DEFINITION
    A Java class definition contains
    Fields - what properties an object has
    The values assigned to the fields define the state of
    the object. (e.g., the car is painted silver, has a half
    a tank of gas, and is stopped.)

    Methods - what behaviors (actions) an object


    can perform
    Typically these actions supply or modify its state.
    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno

    2/12/16

    CLASS DEFINITION
    You define a class by using the class
    keyword along with the class name, like
    this:
    class MyClass
    {
    }
    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno

    2/12/16

    CLASS DEFINITION
    To create an object from a class, you type the class's
    name followed by the name of the object. For
    example, the line below creates an object from the
    MyClass class:
    Name of an
    object

    Automatically calls
    the constructor

    MyClass myObject = new MyClass();


    Class
    Name

    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno

    Dynamically create
    object using new

    2/12/16

    DECLARING MEMBER VARIABLES


    A class can contain any of the following variable types.
    LOCAL VARIABLES: Variables defined inside methods,
    constructors or blocks are called local variables. The variable will
    be declared and initialized within the method and the variable
    will be destroyed when the method has completed.
    INSTANCE VARIABLES: Instance variables are variables within
    a class but outside any method. These variables are initialized
    when the class is instantiated. Instance variables can be
    accessed from inside any method, constructor or blocks of that
    particular class.
    CLASS VARIABLES: Class variables are variables declared with
    in a class, outside any method, with the static keyword.
    PARAMETER VARIABLES: A parameter variable is used to store
    information that is being passed from the location of the method
    2/12/16
    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno
    call into the method that is called.

    ASSIGNMENT

    What is/are the differences between static and non-static variables?

    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno

    2/12/16

    INSTANCE METHODS VS STATIC


    10
    STATIC METHODS
    NON-STATIC (INSTANCE) METHODS
    METHODS
    declared with the keyword static
    - are declared without the keyword static
    When you use a static field or method, you do not use an object
    Static methods in a class are called class methods. When you create a class with a static field and instantiate 100 objects, only one copy of that field
    exists in memory
    When you create a static method in a class and instantiate 100 objects, only one copy of the
    method exists in memory and the method does
    not receive a this reference.
    Static class variables are not instance variables. The system allocates memory to hold class
    variables once per class, no matter how many
    instances of the class you instantiate. The system
    allocates memory for class variables the first time
    it encounters a class, and every instance of a class
    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno
    shares the same copy of any static class variables.

    When you use a nonstatic field or method, you


    must use an object
    Nonstatic methods in a class are called instance
    methods.
    When you create a class with a nonstatic field and
    instantiate 100 objects, then 100 copies of that
    field exist in memory.
    When you create a nonstatic method in a class
    and instantiate 100 objects, only one copy of the
    method exists in memory, but the method
    receives a this reference that contains the address
    of the object currently using it.
    Instance fields and methods are nonstatic. The
    system allocates a separate memory location for
    each nonstatic field in each instance.

    2/12/16

    11

    ACCESSORS & CONSTRUCTORS


    A.ACCESSORS
    To achieve encapsulation in Java
    Declare the variables of a class as private.
    Provide public setter and getter methods (this is also known as
    accessors or mutators) to modify and view the variables
    values.

    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno

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    12

    Example: Instance Class


    public void setAge( int newAge){

    /* File name : EncapTest.java */


    public class EncapTest{

    age = newAge;

    private String name;

    private String idNum;


    private int age;

    public void setName(String newName){


    name = newName;
    }

    public int getAge(){


    return age;
    }

    public void setIdNum( String newId){


    idNum = newId;

    public String getName(){


    return name;
    }

    }
    }

    public String getIdNum(){


    return idNum;
    }

    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno

    2/12/16

    13

    Example: Application Class


    /* File name : RunEncap.java */
    public class RunEncap{
    public static void main(String args[]){
    EncapTest encap = new EncapTest();
    encap.setName("James");
    encap.setAge(20);
    encap.setIdNum("12343ms");
    System.out.print("Name : " + encap.getName() + " Age : " + encap.getAge());
    }
    }
    Name : James Age : 20

    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno

    2/12/16

    14

    Benefits of Encapsulation
    The fields of a class can be made read-only or write-only.
    A class can have total control over what is stored in its fields.
    The users of a class do not know how the class stores its data. A
    class can change the data type of a field and users of the class
    do not need to change any of their code.

    created by: ma. cristina b. nazareno

    2/12/16

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