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    The Halogen Family

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    Ashish Kumar
    The document discusses the halogen family of elements. It describes the key properties of the main halogens - fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shell and are highly reactive. They become less reactive down the group as atomic size increases. The uses of each halogen are also outlined, such as toothpaste for fluorine and bleaching/disinfection for chlorine. Representative reactions of halogens include forming salts with metals, reacting with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides, and reacting with water to form acids.

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    The Halogen Family

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Kumar
    924 views21 pages
    The document discusses the halogen family of elements. It describes the key properties of the main halogens - fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shell and are highly reactive. They become less reactive down the group as atomic size increases. The uses of each halogen are also outlined, such as toothpaste for fluorine and bleaching/disinfection for chlorine. Representative reactions of halogens include forming salts with metals, reacting with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides, and reacting with water to form acids.

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    The document discusses the halogen family of elements. It describes the key properties of the main halogens - fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shell and are highly reactive. They become less reactive down the group as atomic size increases. The uses of each halogen are also outlined, such as toothpaste for fluorine and bleaching/disinfection for chlorine. Representative reactions of halogens include forming salts with metals, reacting with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides, and reacting with water to form acids.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    924 views21 pages

    The Halogen Family

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Kumar
    The document discusses the halogen family of elements. It describes the key properties of the main halogens - fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shell and are highly reactive. They become less reactive down the group as atomic size increases. The uses of each halogen are also outlined, such as toothpaste for fluorine and bleaching/disinfection for chlorine. Representative reactions of halogens include forming salts with metals, reacting with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides, and reacting with water to form acids.

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    The Halogen Family

    The

    Halogens

    •The halogens are a group of non- metals in


    the periodic table
    •They all have seven electrons in their outer
    shell this makes them all really reactive;
    they only have to gain one more electron to
    fill their outer shell.
    •Unlike Group One the elements get less
    reactive as you go down the group.
    Fluorine 2,7

    Name: Fluorine
    Symbol: F
    Atomic Number: 9
    Atomic Mass: 18.998404 amu
    Melting Point: -219.62 °C
    Boiling Point:-188.14 °C
    Number of Protons/Electrons: 9
    Number of Neutrons: 10
    Colour: Greenish
    Chlorine 2,8,7

    Name: Chlorine
    Symbol: Cl
    Atomic Number: 17
    Atomic Mass: 35.4527 amu
    Melting Point: -100.98 °C
    Boiling Point: -34.6 °C
    Number of Protons/Electrons: 17
    Number of Neutrons: 18
    Colour: green
    Bromine 2,8,18,7

    Name: Bromine
    Symbol: Br
    Atomic Number: 35
    Atomic Mass: 79.904 amu
    Melting Point: -7.2 °C
    Boiling Point: 58.78 °C
    Number of Protons/Electrons: 35
    Number of Neutrons: 45
    Colour: Red
    Iodine 2,8,18,18,7

    Name: Iodine
    Symbol: I
    Atomic Number: 53
    Atomic Mass: 126.90447 amu
    Melting Point: 113.5 °C
    Boiling Point: 184.0 °C
    Number of Protons/Electrons: 53
    Number of Neutrons: 74
    Colour: blackish
    Astatine
    2,8,18,32,18,7

    Name: Astatine
    Symbol: At
    Atomic Number: 85
    Atomic Mass: (210.0) amu
    Melting Point: 302.0 °C
    Boiling Point: 337.0 °C
    Number of Protons/Electrons: 85
    Number of Neutrons: 125
    Colour: Unknown
    Uses of Fluorine

    The main use of fluorine


    is toothpaste even though
    it isn’t as fluorine
    itself but instead as
    fluoride, a compound of
    fluorine.
    Uses of Chlorine

    Chlorine is used
    mostly to kill
    bacteria or as a
    bleach. Chlorine
    bleaches a piece of
    universal indicator
    paper white.
    Uses of Bromine

    Bromine is one of the


    main ingredients in
    camera films (as silver
    bromide).
    Uses of Iodine

    When dissolved in water,


    iodine can be used as a
    strong antiseptic or as a
    test for starch.
    Representative
    Representative Elements
    Elements
    Group 17 — The Halogen Group

    •All the elements in Group 17 are nonmetals


    except for astatine, which is a radioactive
    metalloid.
    •These elements are called
    halogens, which means
    “salt-former.”

    •All of the halogens form


    salts with sodium and
    with the other alkali
    metals.
    Representative
    Representative Elements
    Elements

    Group 17—The Halogen Group

    •Chlorine is less reactive than fluorine,


    and bromine is less reactive than chlorine.
    •Iodine is the least reactive of the four
    nonmetals.
    Displacement reactions
    To put it simply, a MORE reactive halogen will displace a LESS reactive
    halogen from a solution of its salt.

    Potassium Potassium Potassium


    F chloride bromide iodide KI (aq)
    Decreasing reactivity

    KCl(aq) KBr(aq )

    Cl Chlorine
    Cl2
    Br Bromine
    Br2
    I
    Iodine
    I2
    Properties of the Halogens
    Colour State

    INCREASING DENSITY
    Yellow Gas

    MOLECULAR SIZE

    DECREASING
    REACTIVITY
    Cl Green

    INCREASING
    Gas

    Br
    Orange Liquid
    I
    Grey/black
    At Solid
    Black Solid
    Uses of the Halogens

    Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine


    Toothpaste Water Photographic Disinfectant
    disinfection film Halogen
    Water
    treatment Hydrochloric Tear gas lamps
    acid X ray
    Extraction of Flame
    Aluminium Plastics retardants diagnosis
    Non stick Bleaches Pharmaceutic Salt additive
    coatings als Thyroid
    Enrichment treatment
    of Uranium Cancer
    treatment
    Reactions of the Halogens ( 1 )

    All of the halogens will react with Alkali metals to produce


    ionic compounds

    ALKALI METAL + HALOGEN METAL HALIDE

    Sodium + Chlorine Sodium Chloride

    2Na + Cl2 2NaCl


    Complete these equations

    Lithium + Bromine Lithium Bromide


    Potassium + Iodine Potassium Iodide
    Reactions of the Halogens ( 2 )
    All of the halogens will react with Hydrogen to produce gasas

    HYDROGEN + HALOGEN HYDROGEN HALIDE

    Hydrogen + Chlorine Hydrogen Chloride

    H2 + Cl2 2HCl

    Complete these equations

    Hydrogen + Bromine Hydrogen Bromide


    Hydrogen + Iodine Hydrogen Iodide

    Follow the pattern to write the balanced chemical equations


    Reactions of the Halogens ( 3 )
    All of the halogens will react with water to produce 2 acids
    WATER + HALOGEN ACID 1 + ACID 2

    Water + Chlorine Hydrochloric + Hydrochlorus


    Acid Acid

    H2O + Cl2 HCl + HOCl

    This also happens with Bromine and Iodine and the acids formed are

    much stronger!
    Thank you
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    Ashish Kumar

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