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    1 - Maleic Anhdyride

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    Maleic anhydride is primarily used to manufacture polyester and alkyd resins for fiberglass reinforced plastics. It is also used to make lacquers, lube oil additives, and agricultural products. Traditionally, maleic anhydride was produced through the catalytic oxidation of benzene, but this process utilized the hazardous chemical benzene. More recently, n-butane has replaced benzene as the feedstock due to its safety advantages and the ability to achieve higher yields. The n-butane oxidation process employs a fixed-bed reactor to pass a low concentration of butane over a catalyst at temperatures of 400-480°C to produce maleic anhydride and water.

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    1 - Maleic Anhdyride

    Uploaded by

    sya
    22 views9 pages
    Maleic anhydride is primarily used to manufacture polyester and alkyd resins for fiberglass reinforced plastics. It is also used to make lacquers, lube oil additives, and agricultural products. Traditionally, maleic anhydride was produced through the catalytic oxidation of benzene, but this process utilized the hazardous chemical benzene. More recently, n-butane has replaced benzene as the feedstock due to its safety advantages and the ability to achieve higher yields. The n-butane oxidation process employs a fixed-bed reactor to pass a low concentration of butane over a catalyst at temperatures of 400-480°C to produce maleic anhydride and water.

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    1_Maleic Anhdyride

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    Maleic anhydride is primarily used to manufacture polyester and alkyd resins for fiberglass reinforced plastics. It is also used to make lacquers, lube oil additives, and agricultural products. Traditionally, maleic anhydride was produced through the catalytic oxidation of benzene, but this process utilized the hazardous chemical benzene. More recently, n-butane has replaced benzene as the feedstock due to its safety advantages and the ability to achieve higher yields. The n-butane oxidation process employs a fixed-bed reactor to pass a low concentration of butane over a catalyst at temperatures of 400-480°C to produce maleic anhydride and water.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    22 views9 pages

    1 - Maleic Anhdyride

    Uploaded by

    sya
    Maleic anhydride is primarily used to manufacture polyester and alkyd resins for fiberglass reinforced plastics. It is also used to make lacquers, lube oil additives, and agricultural products. Traditionally, maleic anhydride was produced through the catalytic oxidation of benzene, but this process utilized the hazardous chemical benzene. More recently, n-butane has replaced benzene as the feedstock due to its safety advantages and the ability to achieve higher yields. The n-butane oxidation process employs a fixed-bed reactor to pass a low concentration of butane over a catalyst at temperatures of 400-480°C to produce maleic anhydride and water.

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    MALEIC ANHYDRIDE

    Introduction

    Maleic anhydride (MA) has numerous


    industrial uses and is of significant
    commercial interest worldwide.
    Primary use - is in the manufacture
    of polyester and alkyd resins. These
    resins are added to fiberglass
    reinforced plastics to make a strong,
    lightweight, and corrosion resistant
    material.

    MA is also employed in the manufacture of


    - lacquers, the addition of MA to drying
    oils decreases the required drying time
    and improves the coating quality of
    lacquers
    - lube-oil additives, dispersants derived
    from MA prolong oil change intervals and
    improve the efficiency of automotive
    engines
    - agricultural products, include herbicides,
    pesticides, and plant growth regulators.

    First synthesized in the 1830s,


    manufactured commercially about
    1930.
    Catalytic oxidation of benzene over
    vanadium oxide catalysts was integral
    to the creation of a commercially
    viable process for MA.
    Today, nearly three billion pounds of
    MA are made, using variations of this
    process.

    Drawbacks of Benzene

    Benzene is a hazardous chemical.


    Efforts to find a suitable replacement
    have been pursued. Over the years, both
    n-butane and butylene have been
    utilized with increasingly successful
    results and are gradually overtaking
    benzene as the reactant of choice.

    Benzene Oxidation Process

    Traditional process, begins by mixing


    benzene with an excess of air to give
    concentrations from 1-1.4 mole %. A
    low benzene concentration must be
    utilized in order not to exceed the
    flammability limit of the mixture. The
    reaction gas mixture then passes
    over the catalyst in a multitubular
    fixed-bed reactor atO an optimum
    pressure
    of 0.15-0.25
    O
    + 9/2range
    O
    + 2 CO +MPa.
    2

    2 H2O

    Butane Oxidation Process

    Recent processes for the manufacture of MA.


    Employ C4 hydrocarbons, such as n-butane
    and n-butylene, as feedstocks.
    A major advantage of C4 HC over benzene is
    that no carbon is lost in the reaction to form
    MA.
    Theoretically achievable conversion of 100%,
    the yield from butane is a third greater than
    that from benzene.
    The relatively low purchase price of C4 is
    much more attractive than the expense of
    benzene.

    Other factors that favor C4s are safety,


    health, and the environment.
    Benzene is a known carcinogen and one of
    the chemicals most stringently regulated
    by the government.
    The flammability limits for C4 HC are also
    lower than those for benzene, which is an
    additional safety advantage of the process.
    For all of these reasons, the fixed-bed
    process with n-butane has been the only
    MA route used commercially since 1985 in
    the United States.

    Reaction Details

    The process employs a fixed-bed which


    allows a low concentration of butane
    passed over the catalyst in tubular reactors
    similar to the benzeneO process.
    n-C4H8 + 3 O2

    + 3 H 2O

    The reactor is operated at temperatures from 400-480 C,


    and the pressure is held at 0.3-0.4 MPa in order to force
    the exit gases downstream for scrubbing and purification.
    Unlike the benzene process, only a small amount of the MA
    can be condensed from the reactor effluent due to the
    increased formation of water.

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