Measuring Delinquency: Types of Offenders and Trends: Jenner P. Pandan

MEASURING
DELINQUENCY
: TYPES OF
OFFENDERS
AND TRENDS
JENNER P. PANDAN
DEFINITIONS AND
DISTINCTION
conduct by a juvenile characterized by
antisocial behavior that is beyond parental
control and therefore subject to legal action
a violation of the law committed by a
juvenile and not punishable by death or life
imprisonment
behavior of a child or youth that is so

marked by violation of law, persistent
mischievousness, antisocial behavior,
disobedience, or intractability as to thwart
correction by parents and to constitute a
matter for action by the juvenile courts.
STATUS OFFENDERS AND

DELINQUENT OFFENDERS
Many youth engage in behavior such as
curfew violations, running away, disobeying
parents, school truancy and alcohol
violations.
10 Leading causes of death in

2003 (USA)
RAN
K
AGE GROUP
5-10
10-14
15-19
Unintentional
injury
1,096
Unintentional
injury
1,522
Unintentional
injury
6,755
Diseases
516
Diseases
560
HOMICIDE
1,938
Diseases
180
SUICIDE
244
SUICIDE
1,487
HOMICIDE
122
Diseases
206
Diseases
690
Diseases
104
HOMICIDE
202
Diseases
393
JUVENILE ARRESTS IN 2005

MOST
SERIOUS
OFFENSE
2005
juvenile
arrests
Female
%
Under age
15
%
Total
2,143,700
29
30
Violent crime
index
95, 300
18
31
Murder
1260
10
10
Rape
3940
37
Robbery
28910
23
Assault
61, 200
24
34
Property
crime
418,500
34
34
Burglary
78,000
12
33
Larceny theft
294,900
42
35
Etc
Juveniles are involved in may crimes each year, both

as perpetrators and as victims
Children and youth are subject to legal intervention for
status offenses such as running away, school truancy
and curfew violation
Juvenile delinquency is defined according to the age of
jurisdiction and varies among the states in the U.S.
Official measures of juvenile crime include those by
police, the courts, and corrections agencies.
DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION OF
STATUS OFFENDERS
1912
Congress charged the childrens bureau with
investigating the operations and practices of
juvenile courts. However between 1912 and
the of world war 2 , little happed at federal
level
1948
President Truman convened the mid-century
conference of children and youth to determine
methods for strengthening juvenile courts,
improving POLICE SERVICES affecting juveniles
and examining the prevention and treatment
capabilities of SOCIAL SERVICE providers.
1976
the DSO mandate has served as a catalyst
for reform
ALABAMA department of economic and

community affairs law enforcement planning
section created alternatives to
institutionalization for status offenders and
non offenders.
NEW MEXICO childrens code revisions
included a DSO requirement that prohibited
placement of status offenders in state
juvenile institutions.
NEW YORK mandate advanced efforts

already under way to reform the states
juvenile justice system.
DELAWARE legislative change and JJDP act
fund were key factors leading to DSO
compliance
LOUSIANA, the DSO mandate was the
impetus to undertake a major juvenile code
The chronic status offender is one of the

most difficult juvenile offenders to place
1980, the Illinois law enforcement commissions

juvenile justice division reviewed the states DSO
statute.
ILEC found that the chronic status offenders
environment is characterized by failure and
rejection beginning with total breakdown in the
childs relationship with his family and carrying
forward into out-of-home placements and school.
Deinstitutionalization of status offenders

remains a central theme in juvenile justice
$ 800,000 grant from the Robert Wood

Johnson Foundation has established a DSO
project at the Robert Kennedy Memorial in
Massachussette.
This national juvenile justice reform project
was created to help states reduce the use of
juvenile detention and correctional facilities
in handling juvenile offennders.
The legislation reaffirmed

congressional support for removing
status offenders from institutions
$25 million in 1975 to $75 million in 1977
Reaffirmed congressional support for
removing status offenders support for
removing status offenders from secure
settings and separating juveniles from
convicted adults in confinement
REAFFIRMATION (1984)
During 1980s the federal focus shifted from
delinquency prevention to criminal justice
emphasizing:
Prosecution of serious juvenile offenders

The plight of missing children
Mandatory and tougher sentencing laws
Programs to prevent school violence
National efforts against drugs and pornography
*number of criminologists questioned this approach
RECOMMITMENT (1995)
The administration has made crime one of
its national priorities, and OJJDP has seen its
appropriation nearly doubled to $ 144 million
for 1995.
$5 BILLION appropriated for crime
prevention for the next 5 years under the
violent crime control and law enforcement.

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MEASURING

behavior of a child or youth that is so

STATUS OFFENDERS AND

10 Leading causes of death in

JUVENILE ARRESTS IN 2005

Juveniles are involved in may crimes each year, both

ALABAMA department of economic and

NEW YORK mandate advanced efforts

The chronic status offender is one of the

1980, the Illinois law enforcement commissions

Deinstitutionalization of status offenders

$ 800,000 grant from the Robert Wood

The legislation reaffirmed

Prosecution of serious juvenile offenders

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