1.

1 Understanding that humans have basic needs

Give energy
Grow

To breathe

Stay healthy
Food

Air

Basic Needs
Of Human

Water

Shelter

Drinks
Grow
Stay healthy

To protect from
danger
extreme weather
sun & rain

1.2 Understanding that animals have basic needs

Give energy
Grow

To breathe

Stay healthy
Food

Air

Basic Needs
Of Animals

Water

Types :
holes
cave
nest
beehive
Shelter

Drinks
Grow
Stay healthy

To protect from
danger
extreme weather
sun & rain

1.3 Understanding that plants have basic needs

Plants Have Basic Needs

Air

With :
grow healthy
grow well
not wilted

Water

Sunlight

Without :
wilted
Turn yellow
Die

2.1 Analysing life processes that humans undergo

Nose/Mouth

Wind-pipe

Inhale take in air

Lungs

Exhale give out air

Purpose :
avoid danger

Organs
Breathing

avoid getting hurt

avoid getting injured
to survive

Respond To
Stimuli
Organs

Rate of breath
Number of chest movement
In a period of time

Analysing Life Processes That

Human Undergo

Excrete

Defecate

Reproduce
A process to produce
their young or offspring

Eyes - Sight
Nose - Smell

Lungs

Faeces

Tongue - Taste

( Carbon dioxide
+ water vapour )

Ears - Sound

Kidney ( urine + mineral salt )

Skin - Touch

Skin ( Sweat + mineral salt )

2.2 Being aware that certain behaviour can disturb life processes
Behaviour That Can Disturb
Life Processes

Smoking

Drinking Alcohol

Effects
Lung cancer

Taking Drug

Effects
Delay respond to stimuli

Coughing

How to avoid

Lose ability to walk in straight line

Can cause accidents

Occupied time with beneficial activities

Participate in a campaign
Discourage among their peers

2.3 Analysing the life processes that animals undergo

Animals Life Processes

Excrete

Defecate

To get rid of waste product

from their bodies

Breathing

Organs

Reproduce

Lay Eggs

cat
tiger
bat
whale

butterfly
bird

Lungs
monkey

Gills
fish

bird
whale

prawn

Lungs-book
crab

Moist
Skin
frog
earthworm

Give Birth

Trachea
Structure
insects

Science Year 4
INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS
2. Living Things Undergo Life Processes
plants respond to stimuli.

the part of plant that responds

to water

water, sunlight, touch, gravity.

Roots

various ways plants reproduce

throughseeds, spores, suckers, stem cutting,
leaves, underground stem.

the part of plant that responds

to gravity.

2.4
Life processes
plants undergo
what will happen to the world if
plants do not reproduce.

Roots

the part of plant that responds

to sunlight.
Shoot

no food supply.

plants reproduce.

why plants need to reproduce

to ensure the survival of the species.

Seeds balsam, corn, durian

Spores fern, mushroom
Suckers banana, pineapple
Stem cutting hibiscus, rose, tapioca
Leaves bryophyllum, begonia
Stem potato, onion, ginger and lily

the part of plant that responds

to touch.

3.1 animals have specific characteristics and

behaviour to protect themselves

Special characteristics
The special characteristics and
of animals that protect them behaviour of animals help to
protect them from danger.
from danger.

Thick and hard skin

To prevent their enemies from injuring
Hard shell
Snails and tortoise retract their head
And legs into the shell when the are
Attacked by enemies
Hard scales
Pangolins and crocodiles have hard
scales To protect their bodies
from injuries

special behaviour
of animals that protect them
from danger.

Sharp claws
To protect themselves and their
Young from the enemies- lion ,cat,
Bears, and eagle.
Pretend to dead
To trick their enemies e.g.: beetle

Camouflage
Has body colour or patterns that that are
Similar to the surrounding

Spines
Raise the sharp spines when
the enemies
Advance towards them

Spray black ink

Dark surrounding helps the animal not
to been seen by enemies
e.g: octopus, squid

Horns
Use their horn to attack enemies.

Poisonous sting or fangs

Can hurt and kill enemies-e.g..: scorpion,
centipede snake , bee.

3.2/3.3
Animals have specific characteristics
and behaviour to protect themselves from
extreme weather and survive
specific characteristics and
behavior of animals that protect
them from very hot and cold weather.
Hot weather

Wrinkled Skin
Elephant ,hippopotamuses and buffaloes
lose body heat through wrinkled skins
Wallowing
Elephant, hippopotamuses and buffaloes
keep their body cool by wallowing in
mud holes

Humps
Camels store food and water in the form
Of fats in the humps on their back.

how specific characteristics and

behavior of animals help to protect
them from very hot or cold weather.
Cold weather
Thick Fur
Polar bears have thick fur to prevent the body
From losing heat to cold surroundings.
Fat Layers Under The Skins
Penguins, seals, and whales have fat layers under
their skin to keep their bodies warm
Small Ears
Seals and Walruses have small ears to prevent
Heat loss from their bodies.
Hibernate
Polar bears hibernates during extreme cold
Weather

3.4 Plants have

specific characteristics to protect
themselves from enemy

The specific characteristics

of plants that protect them

from enemies

Produces

How the specific

characteristics of
plants help to
protect them
from enemies.

characteristics that
protect plants.

latex

Have thorns
poisonous

Have fine hairs

Close leaflets
when touch

3.5 Plants have specific characteristics to

protect themselves from dry region and
strong wind
strong wind

dry region

Eg : cactus

a.
b.
c.

Long roots to absorb water

Succulent stem can store
water
Thorn can can prevent
the excessive loss of
water

Eg: Coconut tree,

bamboo tree,
.
mangrove tree

a.
b.
c.
d.

Have stems that bend easily

Have buttress roots
Have separated leaves
Needle- shaped leaves

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND

ENERGY

Volume

1.2
Area

1.1
Length

MEASUREMENT

1.7 Standard
units

1.6
Time

1.3
Solid
1.4
Liquid

1.5
Mass

Terminology

Measuring tape

- The distance
between two
points/place/position

String

Ways to measure

Arm span
Cubit

Ruler

1.1Length

Standard Tools

Correct technique
Measuring tape

- The eye must be

directly above the
end of object

Unit
mm

cm

km

Ruler

1.2 Area

Terminology

Standard unit
- Square millimetre (mm2)
- Square centimetre (cm2)
- Square metre (m2)
- Square kilometre (km2)

- Area is the amount of

Space taken up by the
surface of an object.
Different ways to measure area

- Using formula
- by placing uniform
objects such as tiles,
books and stamps
on the surface of
the objects

- Using square card with a

2cm

sides of 1 centimetre

3cm

3cm

1cm
1cm

4cm
Area = length X width
= 4cm X 2 cm
= 8cm2

The amount of space that

something takes up

Length x width x height

Formula

measuring
cylinder

Terminology
Tools

Volume

1.4 Liquid
Standard Units

1.3 Solid
Correct technique
Standard Units
mm3, cm3, m3

a) taking the reading at the

lowest part of the meniscus.
b) eyes must be at the same level
as the lowest part of the meniscus

ml, l

Terminology

Correct technique

- Amount of matter in
an object

1.5 Mass
Electronic
balance
Simple
balance

Beam
balance

Tools

Kitchen
scale

Bathroom
scale

Lever
balance

Standard unit

mg

kg

Terminology

Standard unit

1.6 Time
- Second , minute , hour

- Duration between
two event

Way to measure
Tool
Process that repeats uniformly
can be used to measure time

Events can be used measuring time

Old clock

-Swinging pendulum
-Pulse rate candle

- Sundial , sand
clock , candle clock

-water dripping
-Changing day and night

- Digital clock , watch ,

wrist watch , clock

1.7 The Importance of Standard Units

- for accuracy and

consistency

- easy to communicate
and understanding

Investigating
Materials

metal

carbon

Conduct
electricity

glass

plastics

Light to pass
through

wood

Insulator

1.1
The properties of materials

Float on water

Sink in water

wood

stone

Can be stretch

rubber ring

conduct heat

metal

1.2
Applying knowledge
properties of materials in everyday life
Suggest ways
to keep things hot

Suggest ways
to keep things cold

Covered with insulators

hot thing

cold thing

To prevent
heat loss

prevent from
absorbing heat

1.3
Uses of
materials based on their properties

List of object
and materials that they
are made of

object

materials

properties

spoon

metal

hard

tissue

wood

Soft

glasses

glass

transparent

Reason why particular

materials are used to
make an object

cheap
easy to get

strength
good quality

1.4
The importance of
reuse, reduce and recycle of materials
wood

cotton

natural
materials

metal

plastics

rubber

synthetic cloth
Man-made
materials

glass

State that man-made materials

comes from natural materials

reducing

public transport

reusing

plastic bag

recycling

bottle

plastics

glass

1.6

RUSTING CAN BE PREVENTED

DIFFERENT WAYS TO
PREVENT OBJECTS FROM
RUSTING
Coating with non
rusting materials
*paint
*oil
*grease

THE NECESSARY TO
PREVENT RUSTING

*Everlasting Live
*Save Natural
material
*Save Cost
*Looking good

*Conclusion; Rusting can be avoided by preventing iron contact

with air and water.

UNDERSTANDING THAT SOME

MATERIALS CAN BE RUST
RUSTY OBJECTS

NON RUSTY
OBJECTS

OBJECT MADE OF
IRON AND STEEL

OBJECT MADE OF
GLASS PLASTIC,
WOOD, CLAY AND SILK

*Nail
*Spoon
*Knife
*Needle

*Glass
*Bottle
*Cup
*Pencil

INVESTIGATING
THE EARTH
AND
THE UNIVERSE

-Nine Planets
-Natural satellites
-Meteors
-Comets
-Asteroids

THE
SOLAR
SYSTEM

List of
constituents

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto

My
Very
Excellent
Mother
Just
Served
Us
Nine
Pudding
List of planets

1.1
The solar system
Planets
move around
the Sun

the Sun

the Earth

the Earth

100

the Moon
4

1
Size of the Sun
relative to the size
of the Earth.

1.2 The relative size

and distance between
the Earth, the Moon
and the Sun

Size of the Earth

relative to the size
of the Moon.

The relative distance from

the Earth to the Sun compared
to the relative distance from the
Earth to the Moon.
the Earth
the Sun
150 000 000 km
1

the Moon
382 500 km

400

Much nearer :
The temperature on the Earth would rise.
Water on Earth would evaporate.
No water and the temperature would be
very hot.
Much farther :
The temperature on the Earth would drop.
Water would freeze into ice.
All living things would die.

The nearer a planet to the Sun is,

the hotter is the surface of the planet .
The farther a planet from the Sun is,
the colder is the surface of the planet.
Do not have enough air and water.

1.3
Appreciating the perfect placement
of the planet Earth in the
Solar System
Why certain planets
are not conducive
for living things.

The Earth is
the only planet in the
Solar System that
has living things.

EFFECT

Earth is the third planet from the Sun, it receives enough light
and heat from the Sun.
It is not too hot or too cold.
The atmosphere of the Earth contains air and there is water
on Earth.

INVESTIGATING
TECHNOLOGY

1.1.Understanding the importance of technology in everyday life

Limitation of human ability

Microscope
- The usage of lens to see fine
features of objects and microbes
Microphone
-To increase the voice volume
Telephone
-To communicate from long distance
Bicycle, motorcycle, airplanes
-Can travel long distance
in a shorter time
Telescope, binocular
- To see far away objects

Examples of human limitations are

Unable to see fine objects
Unable to speak loud
Unable to walk for long distance
Unable to see far away objects

Devices to overcome
human limitation

TECHNOLOGY
1.2
Understanding The
Development Of
Technology

Examples

Construction
Cave

hut
wooden house
apartment

Agriculture
e.g.:
hoe

plough

tractor

combine harvester
Transportation
Land: Animal
car
train

bicycle

Air: hot air balloon airship

glider
aeroplane
Water: canoe
raft
sampan
ferry
ship
Communication
Drawing

carrier pigeon

Telephone

Cannot move farther

TECHNOLOGY

Problems they
encounter in their daily life

1.3
Synthesising
how technology
can be used to
solve problems

Cannot move and lift heavy thing

Brain storming

Ideas to solve
the problems identified
wheelbarrow

Sketch the model

Demonstrate that device

invented can be used to
solve the problem
identified

Device to solve
the problem identified.

Pulley can lift everything

Wheel barrow can move heavy thing easily

lever

1.4 Analysing That Technology Can Benefit Mankind If Used Wisely

Advantages of Technology

Communication
Enable human to learn more about
things happening around the world
Transportation
Enable human to travel
far away places in shorter time
Agriculture
Machines make it easier to plants
and harvest their crops
Construction
Roads, highways, bridges and
building is easier and faster to build

Disadvantages of Technology

Environmental pollution from increase

In waste materials
Environmental destruction result from
excessive usage of natural resources
Social problem
Bad effects on health result from
environmental pollution and excessive
use of chemicals