Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 46 views

    Electrical Protections: Presentation by

    Uploaded by

    djfff
    The document discusses various electrical protection schemes used in power systems, including primary protections like fuses and secondary protections involving electromagnetic relays, static relays, and numerical relays. It describes the evolution of protections from early electromagnetic and static relays to modern numerical relays, which can provide multiple protections in a single module. The presentation also outlines common protections used for generators, motors, transformers, transmission lines, and bus bars.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Electrical Protections: Presentation by

    Uploaded by

    djfff
    46 views34 pages
    The document discusses various electrical protection schemes used in power systems, including primary protections like fuses and secondary protections involving electromagnetic relays, static relays, and numerical relays. It describes the evolution of protections from early electromagnetic and static relays to modern numerical relays, which can provide multiple protections in a single module. The presentation also outlines common protections used for generators, motors, transformers, transmission lines, and bus bars.

    Original Description:

    fgf

    Original Title

    el prt

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses various electrical protection schemes used in power systems, including primary protections like fuses and secondary protections involving electromagnetic relays, static relays, and numerical relays. It describes the evolution of protections from early electromagnetic and static relays to modern numerical relays, which can provide multiple protections in a single module. The presentation also outlines common protections used for generators, motors, transformers, transmission lines, and bus bars.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    46 views34 pages

    Electrical Protections: Presentation by

    Uploaded by

    djfff
    The document discusses various electrical protection schemes used in power systems, including primary protections like fuses and secondary protections involving electromagnetic relays, static relays, and numerical relays. It describes the evolution of protections from early electromagnetic and static relays to modern numerical relays, which can provide multiple protections in a single module. The presentation also outlines common protections used for generators, motors, transformers, transmission lines, and bus bars.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 34

    ELECTRICAL PROTECTIONS

    Presentation by
    A Jaya Prakash

    Objective of protection
    Minimum outage/down time
    Safety
    Minimizing loss of property
    Protection Scheme shall have
    Reliability
    Sensitivity
    Selectivity
    Speed

    Evolution of Electrical Protection


    Primary Protection
    Fuse
    Secondary Protection
    Electro-magnetic attraction relays
    Electro magnetic Induction relays
    Static relays
    Numerical/ Digital relays

    Fuse (Primary Protection)


    I (Over
    current)

    Over current protection only

    Relay With Circuit Breaker


    (Secondary Protection)
    Circuit Breaker

    CT

    Fixed Contact

    PT

    Protecting
    System
    Abnormal
    Condition

    Moving Contact

    Trip

    Electro Magnetic attraction relay


    Trip Contact

    Spring
    Sec. current Over Current
    Bulky in size/weight
    High burden on CT/PT
    Produce vibrations

    Electro magnetic Induction relay


    Operating
    current/Voltage
    Operating Coil
    Comparatively smaller
    Less burden

    Rotating Al disc

    No Vibrations
    Restraining coil
    Restraining
    current/Voltage

    Static Relays
    Building Blocks
    +
    _
    Operational Amplifier

    Diode

    Transistors

    Advantages
    Faster
    Low burden
    Small in size
    All protections

    Each protection needs a


    independent relay

    Switching Operation
    When Vact > Vref + Vbe

    On

    When Vact < Vref + Vbe

    Cut off

    Vcc
    n
    p

    Vact

    Closed Contact
    n

    Vref

    Open Contact

    Numerical relays
    Analog
    I/P

    ADC

    Digital
    signal

    Micro
    Processor

    Digital
    Out puts

    Inputs
    CT, PT Signals
    Circuit Status
    External commands

    Digital
    signal

    DAC

    Analog
    out puts

    Out puts
    Trip commands
    Indications
    HMI(Eg. Computer)

    All types of relays can be put in a single module unlike earlier


    type of relays.

    Power
    sysem

    Generation

    Distribution
    Transmission

    Protections of our interest

    Generator protection
    Motor protection
    Transformer Protection
    Line protection
    Bus Bar protection

    Fault types
    System Faults
    Symmetrical faults(3- Ph, 3Ph-E)
    Unsymmetrical faults(L-G, L-L, L-L-G, Open cond)

    Internal Faults
    Stator Faults
    Inter turn, Ph-Ph, Ph- Earth.
    Rotor faults
    Rotor first E/F, Second E/f.
    Other faults
    O/F, U/F, O/V, U/V, -Ve seq, LOE, LOS, Rev
    forward pow, Motoring.

    Pow, Low

    Symmetrical Faults
    3 Phase Fault

    3 Phase to
    ground Fault

    Unsymmetrical Faults

    LG Fault

    LL Fault
    Open Conductor Fault

    LLG Fault

    Generator Protections
    Stator E/F &
    r1
    IT

    r2

    y1
    y2

    b1
    b2

    IT Relay

    Zn

    90% Stator E/F


    100% Stator E/F

    GT

    Generator Differential
    r1
    r2
    y1
    y2

    b1
    b2

    Rotor Protection

    Rotor

    Insulating
    Pedestals

    Rotor First E/F -- Alarm


    Rotor Second E/F -- Trip

    Motor Protection

    General Practices for protection


    LESS THAN 5 kW

    Thermal O/L (Bimetal relay)

    5 Kw TO 50 Kw

    Thermal O/L+ Single Ph. +


    Voltage Unbalance +U/V
    50 O/C + E/F

    100 Kw AND ABOVE

    Thermal O/L+ Single Ph. + Current Unbalance +


    U/V + O/C + E/F Repeat starts

    SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS
    (1 MW AND ABOVE)

    ABOVE PROTECTIONS+
    Differential + Rotor E/F+ Under Excitation +
    Out of step

    Starting a Motor
    DOL

    UPTO 5 kW

    STAR DELTA

    5 TO 100 kW

    RESISTANCE

    100 kW to 800 kW

    HYDRAULIC
    COUPLING / VFD

    800 kW & ABOVE

    Current Characteristic
    Ist
    Typical Data
    Starter
    Ist
    DOL
    6Ifl
    Star/Delta
    4Ifl
    Resistance
    3Ifl
    LRS
    2Ifl

    Ifl

    Tst

    Tst
    3 sec
    6 sec
    10 sec
    >15 sec

    Impedance Relay
    Measures Voltage and current
    Impedance = Voltage / Current
    X

    Operating
    Zone

    Restraining
    Zone
    R

    Over Current Relay


    Measures Only Current
    Trip Contact

    Operating Zone

    Spring

    Sec.
    current

    I
    Restraining Zone
    Set
    Value

    Over
    Current

    Distance Protection
    Impedance

    Impedance

    Relay Principle
    Distance

    Time
    T2 Sec. Lag
    T1 Sec. Lag

    Instantaneous trip

    Zone-1

    Zone-2

    Zone-3

    Distance (KM)

    Differential Protection
    Protected zone

    System To Be
    Protected
    In Zone Fault
    Through Fault

    I1

    Relay Restrains

    I2

    Relay Operates

    IBT Protections

    Tr. Differential Protection


    Tr. Over flux Protection
    Tee Differential Protection
    Directional O/C & E/F(HV & LV)
    Restricted E/F
    Buchholz Protection
    PRV, OTI, WTI

    IBT Protections

    TEE Differential Protection


    Differential & OF
    MICOMP633

    MICOMP633

    TEE Differential Protection


    MICOMP633

    Directional O/C
    & E/F(HV)
    MICOMP127

    400 KV
    Yard

    REF
    (With Bushing CT)

    IBT-2

    Directional O/C
    & E/F(LV)
    MICOMP127

    IBT-3
    132 KV
    Yard

    Tr. Line Protections &


    Functions
    MAIN-I

    Distance Protection
    TEE Differential
    Directional Phase O/C
    Directional Phase E/F
    Over Voltage
    Open Jumper
    CB Failure (LBB)

    Auto Reclose
    Check Synchronizing
    Power Swing Blocking
    Direct transfer trip

    LILO ProtectionsTEE Differential Protection


    O/C and
    E/F

    MICOMP633

    To Korba

    Distance
    Protectio
    n
    Zone-1

    Zone-2

    Zone-3
    To Raipur

    400 KV
    Yard

    TEE Differential Protection


    MICOMP633

    Auto Recloseure

    Single pole trip on LG fault


    Reclose after 1 Sec.
    If holds Transient fault
    If again trip
    Persisting fault
    (CB gets Locked)

    Bus Bar Protections

    Substation Automation System (SAS)


    Communication Levels
    Level-0 Hard wired
    Level-1 Inter bay
    Level-2 Sub Station level
    Level-3 Remote communication

    Protection Levels

    Level-0
    Level-1
    Level-2
    Level-3

    (Can view status of system)


    (Level-0 + Acknowledging Alarms)
    (Restricted Operations)
    (All Operations)

    You might also like