The document discusses the concept of a total transportation system. It can be summarized as follows:
1. A transportation system is complex, involving multiple modes of transport, sectors, problems, objectives and requiring a multidisciplinary perspective to address.
2. A total transportation system must be viewed as a single, multimodal system that includes all elements involved in moving people and goods, their interactions, and all movements through the system.
3. A transportation system is interconnected internally and externally with dynamic activity and flow systems that influence one another over time. Understanding these interactions is important for analyzing and improving transportation systems.
The document discusses the concept of a total transportation system. It can be summarized as follows:
1. A transportation system is complex, involving multiple modes of transport, sectors, problems, objectives and requiring a multidisciplinary perspective to address.
2. A total transportation system must be viewed as a single, multimodal system that includes all elements involved in moving people and goods, their interactions, and all movements through the system.
3. A transportation system is interconnected internally and externally with dynamic activity and flow systems that influence one another over time. Understanding these interactions is important for analyzing and improving transportation systems.
The document discusses the concept of a total transportation system. It can be summarized as follows:
1. A transportation system is complex, involving multiple modes of transport, sectors, problems, objectives and requiring a multidisciplinary perspective to address.
2. A total transportation system must be viewed as a single, multimodal system that includes all elements involved in moving people and goods, their interactions, and all movements through the system.
3. A transportation system is interconnected internally and externally with dynamic activity and flow systems that influence one another over time. Understanding these interactions is important for analyzing and improving transportation systems.
The document discusses the concept of a total transportation system. It can be summarized as follows:
1. A transportation system is complex, involving multiple modes of transport, sectors, problems, objectives and requiring a multidisciplinary perspective to address.
2. A total transportation system must be viewed as a single, multimodal system that includes all elements involved in moving people and goods, their interactions, and all movements through the system.
3. A transportation system is interconnected internally and externally with dynamic activity and flow systems that influence one another over time. Understanding these interactions is important for analyzing and improving transportation systems.
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TR5101 Elemen dan Sistem Transportasi
Program Studi Magister Transportasi
Sekolah Arsitektur, Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Wilayah Institut Teknologi Bandung
TOTAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM An Introduction
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Transportation is (everything involved in)
the action of moving either people or goods from an origin to a destination.
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Transportation is (everything involved in)
the action of moving either people or goods from an origin to a destination.
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Transportation is complex in nature,
covering multi-modal, multi-sector, multi-problem .. Multi-modal: covering all modes of transport air, land, and sea; passenger and freight Multi-sector: encompassing the problems and viewpoints of government, private industry, and public Multi-problem: ranging across a spectrum of issues that includes national and international policy, planning of regional system, the location and design of specific facilities, carrier management issues, regulatory, institutional and financial policies.
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Manheim, 1979
.. and, therefore, dealing with multiobjective and requiring multidisciplinary perspective.
Multi-objective: national and regional economic development, urban development, environment quality, social quality, service to users, financial and economic feasibility. Multi-disciplinary: drawing on the theories and methods of engineering, economics, operation research, political science, psychology, other natural and social sciences, management and law.
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Manheim, 1979
Transportation is also dynamic and
interconnected internally as well as with other complex dynamic systems.
Vary in space and time, stochastic in nature.
Human decision-makers with complex decision calculi make choices that shape the transportation system.
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Sussman, 2000
THEREFORE, TO MAKE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM WORKS, WE HAVE TO SHARE THE VIEW THAT ..
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The basic premise is total transportation system
of a region must be viewed as a single, multimodal system.
All modes of transportation
All elements: Persons/goods being transported Vehicles in which they conveyed The network of facilities through which the vehicles/passengers/cargoes move, including terminals, transfer points, as well as line-haul facilities All movements through the system (for all OD) For each specific flow, the total trip, from point of origin to final destination, over all modes and facilities
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Manheim, 1979
Manheims model illustrates the
interconnection of transportation system with external dynamic systems: flow & activity.
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1. The current pattern of
flows is determined by the transportation and activity systems; 2. The current flow pattern will cause changes over time in the activity system; 3. The transportation system changes in response to actual or anticipated flows. Manheim, 1979
Cascetta further explains the dynamic interconnection
between transportation supply and demand and their relationship with the activity system
Consist not only of the physical and
organizational elements that interact with each other to produce transportation opportunities, but also of the demand that takes advantage of such opportunities to travel from one place to another. Can be defined as a set of elements and the interactions between them that produce both demand for travel within a given area and the provision of transportation services to satisfy this demand.
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Cascetta, 2009
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Cascetta, 2009
We must also understand transportation as a
subsystem of the complex of social, economic, political, and other forces.
In Manheim (1979), the social, economic, political, and
other forces were summarized as the activity system Kusbiantoro (2011)*, on the other hand, placed those forces as external factors that may influence the total transportation system Institutional system: legal, organization, personnel, and finance. Externalities from local, regional, and international level: economy, social, culture, environment, and politics.
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Nat / Int Regional External System: Economy-Social-Culture-EnvironmentPolitics
Institutional System - legal organization - personnel - finance
derived demand Derived demand: Individual scale: work, school, recreation, etc Urban and regional scale: connecting housings to commercial/growth centers, connecting production processes from rural to urban area, etc. The role of transportation: Passive: serve the dynamic of activity system Active: influence (positive) changes in activity system
system A second leg stands for those activities involved in putting a transportation system in place, from planning to operation and maintenance The third leg identifies issues that may not be included in the transportation decision making processes, although they may be affected by the decisions externalities
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Fricker & Whitford, 2004
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The Transportation System
Issues for Viability
Putting the System
In Place
Components of Transportation
Fricker & Whitford, 2004
The Transportation System
Modal Diversity Vehicles (Right-of-) Way Power Control Technology of Movement Interconnection
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Drivers Pilots Passengers Freight Issues for Viability
Putting the System
In Place
Components of Transportation
Fricker & Whitford, 2004
INTERNAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS
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Dodder, 2000
The Transportation System
Plan Design Invest Operate Maintain
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Service Quality Pricing Consumer Demand Issues for Viability
Putting the System
In Place
Components of Transportation
Fricker & Whitford, 2004
The Transportation System
Equity Environment Economics International Trade Resource Politics (Oil)
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Labor Industry Structure Mobility Disabilities Issues for Viability
Putting the System
In Place
Components of Transportation
Fricker & Whitford, 2004
Transportation goals consist of:
Space or Location utility. Creating location utility or
access. Time utility. Providing maximum true trip speed distance traveled divided by total travel time, including stops, delays and vehicle changes from origin to destination. Cost utility. Cost-effective transportation e.g. when the cost of moving goods from one origin to a destination causes goods to be non-competitive at the destination, the goods will not be shipped.
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Fricker & Whitford, 2004
Transportation systems analysis is a way to design
or modify transportation system to meet the needs of the end user(s). It begins with:
System specifications What is the purpose of this system? What is the area coverage for this systems operations? What are the technical specifics of the systems intended mission/use? What is the capacity of the system? What is the availability or operational readiness when the system is called into use? What is the reliability of the system in operation? What is the cost-effectiveness of the system?
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Fricker & Whitford, 2004
Then, in performing systems analysis, the
analyst must consider the impacts on the user, the operator, and the environment. Herein, performance measures as a prime tool of system analysis. OUTPUT OUTCOME PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
Average speed and maximum
velocity (km/hour) Freight or passenger travel (tonkm or pax-km per year) Operational use/capacity (pax/hour or vehicle-km) Density of traffic (pax cars/km/lane) Range (km) Energy use or intensity (BTUs per ton-km or pax-km) Acceleration and braking (m/s) Cost of transportation operation (IDR per ton-km or pax-km)
Safety (fatalities per year)
Reliability (failures per unit time) Availability or readiness (% probability) Weather performance (m of braking distance on wet pavement) Chemical emissions (gHC per km or per hour) Noise emissions (decibels) Productivity (ton-km delivered per labor-hour)
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Fricker & Whitford, 2004
The scope of definition of transportation
system has broadened during the past few decades. Due to the increasingly sophisticated analytical capabilities, which can handle more complex set of variables. The increasing importance of two crucial components of the transportation system: information and behavior. The shift toward a more dynamic view of transportation systems, in which the behavior of the components within the transportation system is more extensively treated.
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Dodder, 2000
INFORMATION & BEHAVIOR
1.Information: the growing number of potential applications of computer and information technology, the role of control, communications and location systems, and the information provided by these systems is increasingly perceived as an integral component of the physical system. 2.Behavior: guided by both the operating plans, which specify the regular procedures of operation, as well as by adaptive responses of operators (individual drivers, pilots or taxi dispatchers) and managers (in strategic planning, maintenance, or marketing).
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Dodder, 2000
Understanding the changes will influence the
approach of modeling transportation system
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The challenge is to choose relevant
subsystems and model them appropriately for the intended purpose, mindfully reflecting the boundary effects of the unmodeled components.
Sussman, 200b
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Dodder, 2000
TRANSITIONS (1/4) No.
From
To
1.
Capital Planning
Management and Operations
Focus
2.
Long Time Frames
Real-time Control
3.
Urban Scale Planning and
Operations
Regional Scale Planning and
Operations
4.
Emphasis on Mobility
Emphasis on Accessibility (the
Transportation/Land Use Connection)
5.
One Size Fits All Service
- Costumer Orientation - Quality - Pricing for Service
6.
Allocate Capacity by Queuing
Allocate Capacity by Pricing
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Sussman, 2002
TRANSITIONS (2/4) No.
From
To
7.
Aggregate Methods for
Demand Prediction
Disaggregate Methods for
Demand Prediction
8.
Episodic Data for
Investment Planning
Dynamic Data for Investment
Planning (and Operations)
9.
Public Financing for
Infrastructure and Operations
Private and Public/Private
Partnerships for Financing of Infrastructure and Operations Using Hybrid Return on Investment Measures
10.
Infrastructure Construction and Maintenance Providers
New High Technology Players
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Sussman, 2002
TRANSITIONS (3/4) No.
From
To
11.
Static Organizations and
Institutional
Dynamic Organizations and
Institutional Relationships
12.
Professional Emphasis on Design of Physical Infrastructure
Professional Emphasis on Transportation as a Complex, Large-scale, Integrated, Open System (CLIOS)
13.
Economic Development
Sustainable Development
14.
Computers are Just a Tool
Ubiquitous Computing
15.
Supply-side Perspective
- Supply/Demand Equilibrium Framework - Systems that Never Reach Equilibrium
REFERENCES Manheim, M.L. (1979) Fundamentals of Transportation Analysis, Volume 1: Basic Concepts, the MIT Press. Fricker, J.D. and R.K. Whitford (2004) Fundamentals of Transportation Engineering: A Multimodal System Approach, Pearson-Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. Dodder, R. (2000) The Evolving Systems View of Transportation: Implications for Policy, Research Seminar in Engineering Systems, MIT. Sussman, J.M. (2002) Transitions in the World of Transportation: A Systems View, Transportation Quarterly, Vol. 56, No. 1, Winter 2002, Eno Transportation Foundation, Washington D.C.. Cascetta, E. (2009) Transportation System Analysis, Springer Optimization and Its Application 29, Springer.
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Transportation System Ecology
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Quotes D.E. Azaria, RSENR
I hope that the model helps us to think better but I really try to keep in mind that we can mistake the model for wisdom and its not wisdom, its just a model. What we need is people with wisdom in a broad view to see the whole system and what we have most of the time is people who look at the smaller subset of that system.
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American Transportation Vision
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Quotes W. Millar, APTA
Were very good in focusing on the
cost of everything, not the benefit we derive. Investments in transportation always return more than they cost.
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TR5101 Elemen dan Sistem Transportasi
Program Studi Magister Transportasi Sekolah Arsitektur, Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Wilayah Institut Teknologi Bandung
Rinsing Postprocessing Procedure of A 3d-Printed Orthodontic Appliance Material: Impact of Alternative Post-Rinsing Solutions On The Roughness, Flexural Strength and Cytotoxicity
Rinsing Postprocessing Procedure of A 3d-Printed Orthodontic Appliance Material: Impact of Alternative Post-Rinsing Solutions On The Roughness, Flexural Strength and Cytotoxicity
