Global Warming and Climate Change

GLOBAL WARMING
AND CLIMATE
CHANGE
Many believe that the
scorching weather we are
experiencing today is a result
of global warming and climate
change.
GLOBAL
WARMING
- is the increase in the Earths
temperature caused by greenhouse
gases like Carbon Dioxide.
Global warming is established as the major

environmental issue in the international political
agenda. It is commonly understood to be the most
difficult problem to solve politically. Whilst there
are many arguments about what should be done
about global warming, there have been few
attempts to explain the politics surrounding it.
Global Warming and Politics fills this gap by
looking at the major theories within the discipline
of international relations, and considering how
these might be able to provide accounts of the
emergence of global warming as a political issue.
After discussing the dominant neo-realist and neoliberal institutionalist models, the book concludes
that both political economy approaches and these
developing discursive approaches have much to
offer in helping us understand the international
politics of global warming. Global Politics and
Global Warming will be extremely useful for all
those trying to build an understanding of
international relations in general and of
international environmental problems in
particular.
CLIMATE
CHANGE
is a result of global warming. It is
considered as a long-term shift that
happens in the Earths atmosphere .
-
Climate change is a change in the

statistical distribution of weather patterns
when that change lasts for an extended
period of time (i.e., decades to millions of
years). Climate change may refer to a
change in average weather conditions, or
in the time variation of weather around
longer-term average conditions (i.e., more
or fewer extreme weather events).
Climate change is caused by factors such
as biotic processes, variations in solar
radiation received by Earth, plate
tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. Certain
human activities have also been identified
as significant causes of recent climate
change, often referred to as global
warming.
THE CAUSES AND

EFFECTS OF
GLOBAL WARMING
AND CLIMATE
CHANGE
There are both natural and man-made
causes of global warming and climate
change.
The changes in the climate may
naturally be caused by Earths activities.
NATURAL
CAUSES:
Volcanic
Activity
Its Orbit around the Sun
VOLCANIC ACTIVITY
Volcanic eruptions are responsible for releasing
molten rock, or lava, from deep within the Earth,
forming new rock on the Earths surface. But
eruptions also impact the atmosphere.
The gases and dust particles thrown into the
atmosphere during volcanic eruptions have
influences on climate. Most of the particles spewed
from volcanoes cool the planet by shading incoming
solar radiation. The cooling effect can last for
months to years depending on the characteristics of
the eruption. Volcanoes have also caused global
warming over millions of years during times in
Earths history when extreme amounts of volcanism
occurred, releasing greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere.
Even though volcanoes are in specific places on
Earth, their effects can be more widely distributed
as gases, dust, and ash get into the atmosphere.
Because of atmospheric circulation patterns,
eruptions in the tropics can have an effect on the
climate in both hemispheres while eruptions at mid
or high latitudes only have impact the hemisphere
they are within.
ORBIT AROUND THE

SUN
The tilt of the earth relative to its plane of travel
about the sun is what causes seasons. The hemisphere
"pointing toward" the sun is in summer, while the opposite
hemisphere is in winter. The earth makes one full orbit
around the sun each year. The northern hemisphere is in
summer in the left image, while 6 months later, the
southern hemisphere has summer, as in the center image.
If the earth's axis were "straight up and down" relative to
the orbital plane, as in the right-hand image, there would
be no seasons, since any given point at the top of the
atmosphere would receive the same amount of sun each
day of the year.
Changes in the "tilt" of the earth can change the
severity of the seasons - more "tilt" means more severe
seasons - warmer summers and colder winters; less "tilt"
means less severe seasons - cooler summers and milder
winters. The earth wobbles in space so that its tilt
changes between about 22 and 25 degrees on a cycle of
about 41,000 years. It is the cool summers which are
thought to allow snow and ice to last from year to year in
high latitudes, eventually building up into massive ice
sheets. There are positive feedbacks in the climate system
as well, because an earth covered with more snow
reflects more of the sun's energy into space, causing
additional cooling. In addition, it appears that the amount
of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere falls as ice sheets
grow, also adding to the cooling of the climate.
MAN-MADE
CAUSES:
- Burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil,
and natural gases
- Converting Forests (Deforestation) into
industrial, agricultural or residential
lands.
Many power stations across the world burn fossil fuels

(including coal, oil and gas) to generate energy.
Coal is the remains of ancient plants and trees that
grew over 200 millions of years ago. Oil and gas is
made up of the remains of microscopic plankton. Over
millions of years these remains become the carbon-rich
coal, oil and gas we can use as fuel.
When fossil fuels are burned they release carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere which contributes to
global warming. Using fossil fuels to generate energy
also releases pollutants into the atmosphere - such as
sulphur dioxide.
Fossil fuels provide the main source of energy for our
modern global economy. However, stocks of fossil fuels
are limited and alternatives need to be found. Fossil
fuel exploration has become increasingly controversial
with widespread public anger at the massive oil spill in
the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. Oil companies are
increasingly looking to pristine polar regions and
tar sandsto provide oil in the coming decades but
exploration in these areas could cause significant
environmental damage.
Deforestation is clearing Earth's forests on a massive

scale, often resulting in damage to the quality of the
land. Deforestation has many negative effects on the
environment. The most dramatic impact is a loss of
habitat for millions of species. Seventy percent of
Earths land animals and plants live in forests, and
many cannot survive the deforestation that destroys
their homes.
Deforestation also drives climate change. Forest soils
are moist, but without protection from sun-blocking
tree cover they quickly dry out. Trees also help
perpetuate the water cycle by returning water vapor
back into the atmosphere. Without trees to fill these
roles, many former forest lands can quickly become
barren deserts.
NEW CHALLENGES
IN CONTEMPORARY
SOCIETIES
- forest fires, grass fires in the
mountains such as Mt. Apo.
- drought (effect of stronger El Nio)
- stronger typhoons (Typhoon Yolanda)
Mt. Apo
- It has reportedly affected at least
100 hectares of land near the peak of the
mountain, which contains swaths of
bushes and cogon grass. Mt. Apo National
Park straddles three areas Davao City,
Kapatagan in Davao del Sur and
Kidapawan City in North Cotabato.
- Mt. Apo, located in Mindanao, is
home to forest reserves and the breeding
ground for the endangered monkey-eating
eagle.
DROUGHT
Drought is an insidious hazard of nature. It is
often referred to as a "creeping phenomenon"
and its impacts vary from region to region.
Drought can therefore be difficult for people to
understand. It is equally difficult to define,
because what may be considered a drought in,
say, Bali (six days without rain) would certainly
not be considered a drought in Libya (annual
rainfall less than 180 mm). In the most general
sense, drought originates from a deficiency of
precipitation over an extended period of time-usually a season or more--resulting in a water
shortage for some activity, group, or
environmental sector. Its impacts result from the
interplay between the natural event (less
precipitation than expected) and the demand
people place on water supply, and human
activities can exacerbate the impacts of drought.
Because drought cannot be viewed solely as a
physical phenomenon, it is usually defined both
conceptually and operationally.
SUPER TYPHOON
YOLANDA
Typhoon Yolanda ( international name:
Haiyan), one of the strongest typhoons on
record struck the Philippines, forcing
hundreds of thousands from their homes and
knocking out power and communications in
several provinces. But the nation appeared
to avoid a major disaster because the
rapidly moving typhoon blew away before
wreaking more damage, officials said.
ADAPTATION TO NEW
CHALLENGES IN THE
PHYSICAL, SOCIAL,
AND CULTURAL
ENVIRONMENT
Adapting to the new challenges brought by
climate change is necessary because they are
already unavoidable. Most of the countries are
now developing different strategies they can use
to adapt to the challenges of climate change.
These adaptation strategies range from
technological responses to policy responses, and
changes in the behavior of the people are also
necessary.
TRANSNATIONAL
MIGRATION
In this era, people are no longer
confined to their local communities.
Residents of a certain location have
become mobile if not interested to
relocate. Causes of this trend are
mostly economic in nature, with people
desiring to provide a better life for
themselves and their families. This
phenomenon is known as transnational
migration.
Transnational migration
is a social economic,
and political process
that affects those who
move , those who stay
behind, and the places
where they go across
national boundaries.
OVERSEAS FILIPINO
WORKERS
Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) are
skilled professionals like engineers,
nurses, doctors, and other workers like
drivers, domestic helpers, and
construction workers who leave their
families to work abroad where better
employment opportunities are present.
As a group, OFWs work abroad but their families

live generally in our country. OFWs send
remittances homeward periodically. These
foreign remittances have provided a steady
source of dollar earnings, much like the exports
we sell to other countries to earn dollars.
OFWs are only a part of overseas Filipinos who
now live around the world. Overseas Filipinos are
the larger part of the Filipino diaspora, including
OFWs.
According to the Commission on Overseas
Filipinos, there are 10.4 million ethnic Filipinos
living abroad. OFWs, according to the Philippine
Statstical Authority in the 2013 survey estimate,
number 2.3 million workers. They represent 22
percent, or roughly one-fifth of the overseas
Filipinos.
Among OFWs, 96.2 percent are overseas
contract workers (OCWs) or workers who work
abroad on some form of formal contract of work.
We now focus on OFW statistics.
The phenomenon of OFWs reached its

height in the 1970s when Ferdinand
Marcos enacted the Philippine Labor
Migration Policy due to the lack of jobs
in the country. The Filipino workers were
encouraged to serve in oil-rich nations in
the Middle East like Saudi Arabia. The
Philippine Overseas Employment
Administration (POEA) was established
to oversee these migrant workers.

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Global Warming and Climate Change

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GLOBAL WARMING

Global warming is established as the major

Climate change is a change in the

THE CAUSES AND

ORBIT AROUND THE

Many power stations across the world burn fossil fuels

Deforestation is clearing Earth's forests on a massive

As a group, OFWs work abroad but their families

The phenomenon of OFWs reached its

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