Human Anatomy & Physiology

HUMAN ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
To explain all the systems
of the human body in
relation to massage
therapy.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
ANATOMY
Study of
BODY
STRUCTURES
ANATOMY
The study of the structure and
design of living things, from the
whole organism down to the cell
level.
ANA Means UP
TOMY to CUT
PHYSIOLOGY
Study of
BODY
FUNCTIONS
PHYSIOLOGY
The study of the mechanical,
physical and biochemical
functions of living things.
PHYSI means NATURE

OLOGY Means STUDY
MASSAGE
BODY TISSUE
MANIPULATIONS
ANATOMICAL POSITION
Body
erect
facing forward
and
Arms at the side

Palms are facing
forward with thumbs
on the side
Feet
about a hip
distance apart with
toes pointing forward
BODY REGIONS
HEAD & NECK REGION

TRUNK
UPPER EXTREMITIES
LOWER EXTREMITIES
HEAD & NECK REGION
HEAD & NECK REGION

The head houses the brain and
major sense organs. It also forms
the framework of the face. The head
is held upright by the muscles and
bones of the neck, which connects
the head to the trunk.
TRUNK
TRUNK
The trunk (or torso) forms the central
part of the body and has two sections:
the thorax forms the upper trunk; from
the neck to the diaphragm; the
abdomen forms the lower part of the
trunk.
UPPER
EXTREMITIES
UPPER EXTREMITIES
Divided into three regions: the arm,
forearm and hand; the hallow part just
below the connection between the
upper extremity and the trunk is the
axilla or armpit.
LOWER
EXTREMITIES
LOWER EXTREMITIES
Divided into thigh, leg and foot.
DIRECTIONS
SUPEROR
Above or towards the head
INFEROR
Below or toward the lower part
of the body.
ANTERIOR /
VENTRAL /
FRONT
Towards the front of the
body
POSTERIOR /
DORSAL/
BACK
Towards the back of the
body
MEDIAL/
INTERNAL
At or nearer to the center
plane or the midline of the
body; or in the inner side of
the body.
LATERAL /
EXTERNAL
Away from the center
plane of the body.
PROXIMAL
Nearer to the center of the
body
DISTAL
Farther from the
center of the body
BODY POSITIONS
SUPINE
a position of the body lying down face up
PRONE
A Position of the Body Lying Down with Face
Down
SIDE LYING
A Position of the Body Lying on One Side
BODY PLANES
SAGITTAL
CORONAL /
FRONTAL
TRANSVERSE
BODY CAVITIES
VENTRAL
DORSAL
BODY MOVEMENTS
FLEXION
Movement that bends a joint so that the

angle between two body parts is decreased
and parts come close together.
EXTENSION
Is the opposite of flexion. Extension causes

the parts at the joint to straighten out or
open so that the angle between the body
parts is increased and the parts move
farther apart.
HYPEREXTENSION
It is the movement beyond the movement of

extension
ABDUCTION
Is to draw away anything from the midline of

the body
ADDUCTION
A joint brings a body part closer to the

midline of the body or the midline of the hand
or foot in the case of finger or toes
CIRCUMDUCTION
The movement of a body part so that its end

follows a circular path. It is a combination of
extension, adduction, flexion and abduction
and occurs in the shoulder and hip joints and
in the thumb, knuckles and wrist.
ROTATION
The turning movement of a bone around its

own long axis and involves movement in the
transverse plane. Turning your head is an
example of simple rotation.
INTERNAL ROTATION
EXTERNAL ROTATION
PRONATION
Turning the hand so that the palm faces

down
SUPINATION
Involves turning the hand so that the

palm faces upward and is in a supine
(face up) position.
RADIAL DEVIATION
ULNAR DEVIATION
PLANTAR FLEXION
It is the movement at the ankle joint that

occurs when the toe is pointed.
DORSIFLEXION
It involves upward flexing of the foot at the

ankle.
INVERSION
This occurs when the
foot moves medially so
the sole faces inward or
if the foot is positioned
so toes turn in
EVERSION
It involves turning
foot laterally so the
sole faces away from
the body or if the foot
is positioned with
toes splayed out.
ELEVATION
It is a movement
superiorly or upward
along the coronal
plane.
DEPRESSION
It refers to the
movement
inferiorly or
downward.
PROTRACTION
Turning the hand
so that the palm
faces down.
RETRACTION
ORGANIZATION
CELL
TISSUE
ORGAN
SYSTEM
HUMAN BODY
TERMS
THE END

Human Anatomy & Physiology

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Human Anatomy & Physiology

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HUMAN ANATOMY &

PHYSI means NATURE

Arms at the side

HEAD & NECK REGION

HEAD & NECK REGION

HEAD & NECK REGION

Movement that bends a joint so that the

Is the opposite of flexion. Extension causes

It is the movement beyond the movement of

Is to draw away anything from the midline of

A joint brings a body part closer to the

The movement of a body part so that its end

The turning movement of a bone around its

Turning the hand so that the palm faces

Involves turning the hand so that the

It is the movement at the ankle joint that

It involves upward flexing of the foot at the

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