GUI in Java
Graphical User Interface
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Gives program distinctive look and feel
Provides users with basic level of familiarity
User interacts with GUI component via mouse,
keyboard, etc.
GUI in Java
Java.awt
Abstract Window ToolKit
Was used with java1.1
Java.Swing
Uses some of the classes of java.awt package
Part of Java Foundation Classes (JFC)
Creating a Window
Window class in java.awt
Provides no border and title bar.
JFrame class in java.swing
Provides title, border, and other facilities for a
window.
Subclasses of Component Class
Window Pane
Window panes are container objects that
represent an area of a window.
They come in several different types.
Defined in javax.swing package
Component Class
Attributes
Position ( x and y with respect to the container component)
Name
Size (width and height)
Foreground color, background color
Font
Cursor
Enabled or not ( normal or grayed out)
Visible or not
Contd
Methods
setName(String)
isVisible(), isEnabled() (Boolean)
setVisible(), setEnabled()
Size and Position of a Component
Position is represented by Point Object of
java.awt.Point
point representing a location in (x, y)
coordinate space, specified in integer precision.
Size by java.awt.Dimension
It has width and Height public members.
Size
and
position
java.awt.Rectangle
together
by
Methods for Size and Position
With Dimension Class
Dimension getSize()
Dimension getSize(Dimension dim)
With Point Class
Point getLocation()
Point getLocation(Point p)
With Rectangle Class
Rectangle getBounds()
Rectangle getBounds(Rectangle rect)
Methods for Size and Position
Methods for Size and Position
Changing Size and Position of a
Component
Void setBounds( int x, int y, int width, int
Height)
Void setBounds( Rectangle rect)
Void setSize(Dimension d)
setLocation( int x, int y)
setLocation( Point p)
Creating Window:Example
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class TryWindow {
// The window object
static JFrame aWindow = new JFrame(This is the Window Title);
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int windowWidth = 400; // Window width in pixels
int windowHeight = 150; // Window height in pixels
aWindow.setBounds(50, 100, // Set position
windowWidth, windowHeight); // and size
aWindow.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
aWindow.setVisible(true); // Display the window
}
}
Creating Window: Example
OUTPUT
Creating Window: Example
OUTPUT
Creating Window: Example
OUTPUT
Changing Size and Position of a
Component
Variation in Size of a Component
ToolKit()
Method of Component class
getToolKit() returns an object of type
ToolKit.
It gives information about the environment
in which application is running.
E.g screen size in pixels
Example:NewWindow
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.Dimension;
public class TryWindow2 {
// The window object
static JFrame aWindow = new JFrame(This is the Window Title);
public static void main(String[] args) {
Toolkit theKit = aWindow.getToolkit(); // Get the window toolkit
Dimension wndSize = theKit.getScreenSize(); // Get screen size
// Set the position to screen center & size to half screen size
aWindow.setBounds(wndSize.width/4, wndSize.height/4, // Position
wndSize.width/2, wndSize.height/2); // Size
aWindow.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
aWindow.setVisible(true); // Display the window
}
}
Visual Characteristics of
Components
void setBackground(Color aColor)
Color getBackground()
void setForeground(Color bColor)
Color getForeground()
void setCursor(Cursor aCursor)
void setFont(Font aFont)
Font getFont()
Methods Description
Defining Color
A screen color is represented by an object of class Color. You define a
color value as a combination of the three primary colors: red, green,
and blue. They are usually expressed in that sequence, and are often
referred to as RGB values.
Defining Color
1. if you want the window in the previous example to have a pink
background, you could add the statement:
aWindow.setBackground(Color.PINK);
2. When you have created a Color object, you can brighten or
darken the color it represents by calling its brighter() or darker()
methods by a predefined factor:
thisColor.brighter(); // Brighten the color
thatColor.darker(); // Darken the color
3. To compare two Color objects you can use the equals() method.
For example, to compare two colors
objects colorA and colorB, you could write:
if(colorA.equals(colorB)) {
// Do something...
}
Creating Cursors
An object of the java.awt.Cursor class
encapsulates a bitmap representation of the
mouse cursor.
Cursor myCursor = new
Cursor(Cursor.TEXT_CURSOR);
Creating Cursors
Colors & Cursors
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Cursor;
public class TryWindow4 {
// The window object
static JFrame aWindow = new JFrame(This is the Window Title);
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Toolkit theKit = aWindow.getToolkit(); // Get the window toolkit
Dimension wndSize = theKit.getScreenSize(); // Get screen size
// Set the position to screen center & size to half screen size
aWindow.setBounds(wndSize.width/4, wndSize.height/4, // Position
wndSize.width/2, wndSize.height/2); // Size
aWindow.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
aWindow.setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR));
aWindow.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.PINK);
aWindow.setVisible(true); // Display the window
}}
OUTPUT
Selecting Fonts
Font myFont = new Font(Serif, Font.ITALIC, 12);
Font myFont = new Font(Serif, Font.ITALIC + Font.BOLD, 12);
GraphicsEnvironment e =
GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();
Font[] fonts = e.getAllFonts();
Example: FontInfo
Swing Components
SwingComponents:Buttons
Creating a Swing Button & RadioButton
& Label
Container content = aWindow.getContentPane();
JButton myButton=new JButton(MyButton);
content.add(myButton);
JRadioButton myButton=new JRadioButton(my radio button);
content.add(myButton);
JLabel Label = new JLabel("hiiiiiiiiiii");
content.add(Label);
Menus
Creating MenuBar, Adding Menu &
MenuItems
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
frame.setJMenuBar(menuBar);
JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu(File);
menuBar.add(fileMenu);
JMenuItem openMenu = new JMenuItem(Open);
JCheckboxMenuItem circleItem = new
JCheckboxMenuItem(Circle, true);
JRadioButtonMenuItem item = new
JRadioButtonMenuItem(Curve, true);
fileMenu.add(openMenu);
Text Components
JPanel
The JPanel class defines something like a
physical panel that you can use as a
container to group a set of components.
JList Component
JTable Component
Lay Out Managers
A layout manager determines the way that
components are arranged in a container.
Layout manager for a container determines
the position and size of all the components
in the container.
The classes that define layout managers all
implement the LayoutManager interface
Flow Layout
The flow layout manager places components in
a row, and when the row is full, it automatically
spills components onto the next row.
Default position is centered.
Container content = aWindow.getContentPane();
FlowLayout flow = new FlowLayout(); // Create a layout manager
content.setLayout(flow); // Set the container layout mgr
Layout Manager Heuristics
null
FlowLayout
none,
programmer
sets x,y,w,h
Left to right,
Top to bottom
BorderLayout
n
w
c
s
CardLayout
One at a time
GridLayout
GridBagLayout
JButton
FlowLayout
It simply lays out components from left to
right, starting new rows if necessary
GridLayout
GridLayouts simply make a bunch of
Components have equal size, displaying
them in the requested number of rows and
columns
LAB TASK 1
Create a window
Specify its bounds
Specify its default close operation
Specify its background color
Specify its Cursor style
Specify its layout
Add 2 components
1. Button
2. RadioButton
LAB TASK 2
Create a window
Specify its bounds
Specify its default close operation
Specify its layout
Add 6 buttons through for loop.
Add 1 Label to it
LAB TASK 3
Create a window
Specify its bounds
Specify its default close operation
Add Menu Bar
Add 2 menus
1. File
2. Elements
Add 4 menu Items to File menu
New, Open, Close, Save
Add 4 radio button menu Items to Elements menu
Line, Rectangle, Circle, Curve
LAB TASK 4
Creating and Showing Frames
Example
//1. Create the frame.
JFrame frame = new JFrame("FrameDemo");
//2. Optional: What happens when the frame closes?
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//3. Create components and put them in the frame.
//...create emptyLabel...
frame.getContentPane().add(emptyLabel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
//4. Size the frame.
frame.pack();
//5. Show it.
frame.setVisible(true);
Creating and Showing Frames
Example
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class H{
private static void createAndShowGUI() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("FrameDemo");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
JLabel emptyLabel = new JLabel("hiiiiiiiiiii");
emptyLabel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(175, 100));
frame.getContentPane().add(emptyLabel,BorderLayout.CENTE
R);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true); }
public static void main(String[] args) {
createAndShowGUI(); } }
