Introduction To GTJ215 - 13fEB2017

II
NG
S I
R
NU
A L
I C
TO U RG
N L-S
O
I A
C T IC
U D
D ME
R O
T 1 5 U RO LO GY /N EPHRO LO GY
IN TJ2 & GASTROENTEROLOGY
G
NURSING
Dr. Dariah Mohd Yusoff

13 February 2017
BT 7, PPSK, USMCK
COURSE OUTLINE
1. Course synopsis
2. Objectives
3. Course evaluation
4. Teaching and learning schedule
5. Practical session Hospital USM
&
NSL
COURSE SYNOPSIS
This course introduces students to medical-surgical
nursing management of patients with
gastrointestinal and renal/urology problems.
The nursing care incorporates the concept of
patient-nurse partnership with multidisciplinary
approach.
It focuses on the aetiology, clinical manifestations,
diagnostic investigations, medical and surgical
management and complications.
Students will acquire experience in providing nursing
care and health promotion for patients with
gastrointestinal and renal/urology problems in
hospital setting.
The concept uses for nursing care is from wellness to
illness and holistically.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this course, student will be able
to;
1. Explain the etiology, pathophysiology and
diagnostic assessment of patients with
gastrointestinal and renal/urology problems
2. Perform nursing procedures safely and
effectively to patients
3. Deliver holistic nursing care to patients
using nursing process
4. Practice effective and therapeutic
communication in caring for patients
EVALUATION
Mode Assessment type Weighta Date
ge (%)
Continuous 1. Group assignment 10 Week 7
assessment (4 weeks) (30/3/2017
(40% )
Coursework 2. Open book test (1 10 Week 12
) hour) (3/5/2017)
3. OSCE (30 min) 20 Week 13
(9/5/2017)
Formative One Best Answer & 60 Week 16-

assessment MEQ 18
(60% Final (3 hours)
examination
)
TOTAL: 100
TEACHING & LEARNING
SCHEDULE
13 February to 23 May 2017
Ongoing Practical session
Refer table
GASTROENTEROLOGY
A branch of medicine focused on the

digestive system and its disorders
logia (Greek) means "study of
Deals with the physiology and diseases of

the digestive system
Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment

of diseases of the digestive system
*Digestive system/ Gastrointestinal tract system

UROLOGY
Urology originated from Greek
upov uron means "urine"
Refers to genitourinary surgery
A branch of medicine that focuses on surgical

and medical diseases of urinary tract system
of both male and female and also the male
reproductive organs
* Renal system/ urinary tract system

NEPHROLOGY
Nephrology originated from Greek nephros
means "kidney
Deals with the physiology and diseases of

the kidneys
Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of

diseases of the kidney
COMMON TERMS
1.Etiology
2.Pathophysiology
3.Clinical manifestation
4.Diagnostic investigation
5.Nursing management
6.Medical management
7.Surgical management
8.Complication
9.Acute
10.Chronic
11.Indication
12.Contraindication
ETIOLOGY
Originated from the Greek aitiologia.
Aitia (cause) means giving a reason
for
A branch of medical science concerned

with the causes and origins of
diseases.
A branch of knowledge concerned with
causes
It is about the cause of a disease or
condition
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Patho from Greek pathos means suffering
Pathology is a combining words from suffering and disease - the
science of the causes and effects of diseases
Physiology from Greek physis means nature/origin the scientific
study of the normal function in living system
Pathophysiology
the physiology of disordered function
the physiology of abnormal or diseased organisms or their parts
the functional changes associated with a disease or syndrome.
What is happening in the body specifically to create such

condition
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Actions, behaviors, signs and symptoms
Can be either objective when observed by a
physician, or subjective when perceived by the
patient
the features of the disease
the complaints of the patient about the
disease
Example;
Clinical manifestations for URTI, includes: cough,
congestion in your chest and/or head, runny
nose etc.
DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
Investigation/Test/ Procedure
A kind of medical procedure performed to detect,
diagnose, or monitor diseases, disease processes,
susceptibility, and determine a course of
treatment.
Typically performed in a medical laboratory
Aimed to;
Identify specific condition or problem.
Determine the nature or severity of a
particular condition
Make a medical diagnosis
TYPES OF DIAGNOSTIC
INVESTIGATION
Blood X-ray Endoscopy
Complete Chest x-ray Bronchosco
blood count KUB py
(CBC) Abdominal x- Gastroscop
Liver function ray y
test (LFT) Mammography Cystoscopy
Renal function Echocardiograp Colonoscop
test (RFT) hy y
Culture
&Sensitivity
(C&S)
NURSING CARE MANAGEMENT
Nursing management includes 4 processes;
1. Assessment identify patients needs

2. Planning organize aspects to be provided
3. Intervention perform the task safely and
effectively
4. Evaluation assess the effectiveness of the care
given to patient
5. *Covers all basic nursing knowledge and skills

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Procedure/Treatment/therapy
Non-surgical procedures - used to diagnose,
measure, monitor or treat problems such as medication,
and supportive therapy
(diet, physio/exercise/rehabilitation, health education etc.)
The management and care of a patient to combat disease

or disorder
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT/
Procedures/treatment/therapy
Involve cutting or otherwise penetrating the body's tissues
The names of many surgical procedure names can be broken into
parts to indicate the meaning:
centesis: Surgical puncture

ectomy: Surgical removal
'resection' : surgical removal, especially when referring to a tumor
opsy: looking at
otomy or tomy: surgical incision , open and observe
pexy: to fix or secure
plasty: to modify or reshape (sometimes requires replacement
with a prosthesis)
rrhaphy: to strengthen, usually with suture
COMPLICATION
Is an unfavorable evolution or consequence of a
disease, a health condition or a therapy
The disease worsen in its severity or show a
higher number of signs, symptoms or new
pathological changes, become widespread
throughout the body or affect other organ
systems
Example:
A complication of gastritis is anemia
ACUTE
Refers to sharp or severe in effect
A sudden onset and in short duration
May cause severe/serious problems or damage
Rapidly progressive and in need of urgent
attention/care
Example:
Fracture, burn, flu, heartburn, asthma attack
CHRONIC
A disease that persists for a long time, lasting 3 months
or more
Generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by
medication
Some can be prevented and controlled by healthy life
style
Example of chronic diseases;

Hypertension
Diabetes
High blood cholesterol
Asthma
Stroke
INDICATION
Something that is indicated as advisable or

necessary
A valid reason to use a certain test,

medication, nursing procedure, or surgery
CONTRAINDICATION
A reason to withhold a certain medical
treatment/nursing procedure
A sign that someone should not continue

with a particular medicine or treatment
A specific situation in which a drug,

procedure, or surgery should not be used
because because it could harm a patient
LIST OF NURSING PROCEDURE
Uro/nephrology Gastroenterology
Urinary catheterization Abdominal tapping
Bladder irrigation Rectal examination
Preparation of PD fluid Enema
Urine C&S Nasogastric tube
insertion
Urine 24 hours Nasogastric/enteral
feeding
Pelvic floor muscle Ostomy dressing
exercise
Thank you

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II

Dr. Dariah Mohd Yusoff

Formative One Best Answer & 60 Week 16-

Ongoing Practical session

A branch of medicine focused on the

logia (Greek) means "study of

Deals with the physiology and diseases of

Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment

*Digestive system/ Gastrointestinal tract system

Refers to genitourinary surgery

A branch of medicine that focuses on surgical

* Renal system/ urinary tract system

Deals with the physiology and diseases of

Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of

A branch of medical science concerned

What is happening in the body specifically to create such

1. Assessment identify patients needs

5. *Covers all basic nursing knowledge and skills

The management and care of a patient to combat disease

centesis: Surgical puncture

Example of chronic diseases;

Something that is indicated as advisable or

A valid reason to use a certain test,

A sign that someone should not continue

A specific situation in which a drug,

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