Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 86 views

    Partial Differentiation

    Uploaded by

    Abyan Dzaka
    This document introduces the concept of partial differentiation. It discusses: - Finding the first partial derivatives of functions with respect to each variable, by differentiating while holding other variables constant. - A function of two variables has two first partial derivatives. - Taking the derivative of the first partial derivatives gives four second-order partial derivatives. - Small changes in variables can be approximated using partial derivatives, relating the change in a function to the changes in each variable. - Learning outcomes include finding first and second partial derivatives, and using partial differentiation to calculate errors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Partial Differentiation

    Uploaded by

    Abyan Dzaka
    86 views12 pages
    This document introduces the concept of partial differentiation. It discusses: - Finding the first partial derivatives of functions with respect to each variable, by differentiating while holding other variables constant. - A function of two variables has two first partial derivatives. - Taking the derivative of the first partial derivatives gives four second-order partial derivatives. - Small changes in variables can be approximated using partial derivatives, relating the change in a function to the changes in each variable. - Learning outcomes include finding first and second partial derivatives, and using partial differentiation to calculate errors.

    Original Description:

    Partial Differintiation

    Original Title

    32282 Partial Differentiation

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document introduces the concept of partial differentiation. It discusses: - Finding the first partial derivatives of functions with respect to each variable, by differentiating while holding other variables constant. - A function of two variables has two first partial derivatives. - Taking the derivative of the first partial derivatives gives four second-order partial derivatives. - Small changes in variables can be approximated using partial derivatives, relating the change in a function to the changes in each variable. - Learning outcomes include finding first and second partial derivatives, and using partial differentiation to calculate errors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    86 views12 pages

    Partial Differentiation

    Uploaded by

    Abyan Dzaka
    This document introduces the concept of partial differentiation. It discusses: - Finding the first partial derivatives of functions with respect to each variable, by differentiating while holding other variables constant. - A function of two variables has two first partial derivatives. - Taking the derivative of the first partial derivatives gives four second-order partial derivatives. - Small changes in variables can be approximated using partial derivatives, relating the change in a function to the changes in each variable. - Learning outcomes include finding first and second partial derivatives, and using partial differentiation to calculate errors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 12

    Programme 14: Partial differentiation 1

    PROGRAMME 14

    PARTIAL
    DIFFERENTIATION
    1

    STROU Worked examples and exercises are in the text


    Programme 14: Partial differentiation 1

    Partial differentiation
    Small increments

    STROU Worked examples and exercises are in the text


    Programme 14: Partial differentiation 1

    Partial differentiation
    Small increments

    STROU Worked examples and exercises are in the text


    Programme 14: Partial differentiation 1

    Partial differentiation
    First partial derivatives
    Second order partial derivatives

    STROU Worked examples and exercises are in the text


    Programme 14: Partial differentiation 1

    Partial differentiation
    First partial derivatives

    The volume V of a cylinder of radius r and height


    h is given by:
    V r 2h
    If r is kept constant and h increases then V
    increases. We can find the rate of change of V with
    respect to h by differentiating with respect to h,
    keeping r constant:
    dV V
    dh r 2 we write this as r2
    r constant h
    This is called the first partial derivative of V with
    respect to h.

    STROU Worked examples and exercises are in the text


    Programme 14: Partial differentiation 1

    Partial differentiation
    First partial derivatives

    Similarly, if h is kept constant and r increases then again, V increases. We


    can then find the rate of change of V by differentiating with respect to r
    keeping h constant:

    dV V
    dr 2 rh we write this as 2 rh
    h constant r

    This is called the first partial derivative of V with respect to r.

    STROU Worked examples and exercises are in the text


    Programme 14: Partial differentiation 1

    Partial differentiation
    First partial derivatives

    If z(x, y) is a function of two real variables it possesses two first partial


    derivatives.
    One with respect to x,
    z
    obtained by keeping y fixed and
    x
    one with respect to y,
    z
    obtained by keeping x fixed.
    y

    All the usual rules for differentiating sums, differences, products,


    quotients and functions of a function apply.

    STROU Worked examples and exercises are in the text


    Programme 14: Partial differentiation 1

    Partial differentiation
    Second-order partial derivatives

    The first partial derivatives of a function of two variables are each


    themselves likely to be functions of two variables and so can themselves
    be differentiated. This gives rise to four second-order partial derivatives:
    z 2 z z 2 z
    2
    x x x y x yx
    z 2 z z 2 z
    2
    y y y x y xy

    If the two mixed second-order derivatives are continuous then they are
    equal 2 z 2z

    yx xy

    STROU Worked examples and exercises are in the text


    Programme 14: Partial differentiation 1

    Partial differentiation
    Small increments

    STROU Worked examples and exercises are in the text


    Programme 14: Partial differentiation 1

    Partial differentiation
    Small increments

    STROU Worked examples and exercises are in the text


    Programme 14: Partial differentiation 1

    Small increments

    If V = r2 h and r changes to r + r and h changes to h + h (r and h


    being small increments) then V changes to V + V where:
    V V ( r r ) 2 ( h h)
    r 2 h r 2 h 2 r rh 2 r r h r h r h
    2 2

    V r 2 h 2 rh r 2 r h r r h r h
    2 2

    and so, neglecting squares and cubes of small quantities:


    V 2 rh r r 2 h
    That is:
    V V
    V r h
    r h

    STROU Worked examples and exercises are in the text


    Programme 14: Partial differentiation 1
    Learning outcomes

    Find the first partial derivatives of a function of two real variables

    Find the second-order partial derivatives of a function of two real variables

    Calculate errors using partial differentiation

    STROU Worked examples and exercises are in the text

    You might also like