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    LIPIDI

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    RileShampion
    Lipids are a group of related chemical compounds that are insoluble in water. They include simple fats and oils as well as more complex compounds like phospholipids and cholesterol. Fats and oils are esters of glycerol and fatty acids and can be of animal or plant origin. Fatty acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or polyunsaturated and play various roles in the body as an energy source, carrying fat-soluble vitamins, and as structural components of cells. Cholesterol is also a lipid found endogenously in the body and in animal products consumed as food. High-density lipoproteins are beneficial while low-density lipoproteins increase risk of heart disease.

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    LIPIDI

    Uploaded by

    RileShampion
    102 views14 pages
    Lipids are a group of related chemical compounds that are insoluble in water. They include simple fats and oils as well as more complex compounds like phospholipids and cholesterol. Fats and oils are esters of glycerol and fatty acids and can be of animal or plant origin. Fatty acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or polyunsaturated and play various roles in the body as an energy source, carrying fat-soluble vitamins, and as structural components of cells. Cholesterol is also a lipid found endogenously in the body and in animal products consumed as food. High-density lipoproteins are beneficial while low-density lipoproteins increase risk of heart disease.

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    lipidi-masti

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    Lipids are a group of related chemical compounds that are insoluble in water. They include simple fats and oils as well as more complex compounds like phospholipids and cholesterol. Fats and oils are esters of glycerol and fatty acids and can be of animal or plant origin. Fatty acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or polyunsaturated and play various roles in the body as an energy source, carrying fat-soluble vitamins, and as structural components of cells. Cholesterol is also a lipid found endogenously in the body and in animal products consumed as food. High-density lipoproteins are beneficial while low-density lipoproteins increase risk of heart disease.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    102 views14 pages

    LIPIDI

    Uploaded by

    RileShampion
    Lipids are a group of related chemical compounds that are insoluble in water. They include simple fats and oils as well as more complex compounds like phospholipids and cholesterol. Fats and oils are esters of glycerol and fatty acids and can be of animal or plant origin. Fatty acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or polyunsaturated and play various roles in the body as an energy source, carrying fat-soluble vitamins, and as structural components of cells. Cholesterol is also a lipid found endogenously in the body and in animal products consumed as food. High-density lipoproteins are beneficial while low-density lipoproteins increase risk of heart disease.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 14

    LIPIDI

    sadraj
    to su lipidi
    Sastav i porijeklo
    Vrste masnih kiselina
    Zadaa u organizmu
    Kolesterol
    LIPIDI

    Skupina srodnih kemijskih spojeva


    netopljivih u vodi.
    jednostavni MASTI I ULJA
    sloeni pr. FOSFOLIPIDI
    pseudolipidi pr. KOLESTEROL
    Sastav
    i porijeklo
    MASTI I ULJA su esteri alkohola
    glicerola i viih masnih kiselina

    1 ivotinjsko (svinjska mast, govei


    loj, riblje ulje)
    2. biljno (kokosova , palmina mast,
    suncokretovo, buino, repiino,
    maslinovo ulje)
    MASNE KISELINE
    GLICEROL

    H2C __
    OH HOOC CH3
    I
    HC __
    OH HOOC CH3
    I
    H2C __
    OH HOOC CH3

    dvostruka veza KRAJ LANCA


    KARBOKSILNA
    SKUPINA

    MASNE KISELINE KARBOKSILNE KISELINE


    DUGIH NERAZGRANATIH UGLJIKOVVODINIH LANACA
    PARNOG BROJA UGLJIKOVIH ATOMA
    A MOGU BITI ZASIENE I NEZASIENE
    H2C __
    OH CH3
    H OOC
    I
    HC __
    OH CH3
    H OOC
    I
    H2C __
    OH
    H OOC CH3

    MAST = TRIGLICERID
    VRSTE MASNIH KISELINA

    ZASIENE MASNE KISELINE


    NEZASIENE MASNE KISELINE
    POLINEZASIENE MASNE KISELINE (-
    3 ,-6, -9)
    TRANSMASNE KISELINE

    1 masti vrsto agregatno stanje


    ZASIENE MASNE KISELINE
    2. ulja tekue agregatno stanje
    NEZASIENE MASNE KISELINE
    ZASIENE
    MASLANA CH3 (CH2)2 COOH
    PALMITINSKA CH3 (CH2)14 COOH
    STEARINSKA CH3 (CH2)16 COOH
    NEZASIENE
    OLEINSKA (C16,1)
    CH3 (CH2)7 CH=CH (CH2)7 COOH (-9)
    LINOLNA(C18,2)
    CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7 COOH (-6)
    LINOLENSKA(C18,3)
    CH3 (CH2) CH=CH CH2 CH=CH CH2 CH=CH (CH2)7 COOH
    (-3)
    ESENCIJALNE MASNE KISELINE

    Ljudsko tijelo moe sintetizirati sve kiseline potrebne za


    rast i ivot osim dviju a to su linolna i linolenska
    Zovemo esencijalnim kiselinama
    Vane su i moramo ih unositi putem hrane.
    U naem organizmu pomau pravilnom radu stanica i
    organa
    od njih se stvaraju spojevi slini hormonima koji
    kontroliraju krvni tlak, zgruavanje krvi, masnou u krvi,
    imunitet,
    njihov nedostatak uzrokuje depresiju, dijabetes 2.tipa,
    artritis , rak
    Izvor oleinske kiseline je maslinovo ulje
    linolnu i linolensku kiselinu moemo nai u ulju
    kukuruza, repice, lana, lososa ,bakalara i plave ribe
    TRANSMASNE KISELINE

    Polinezasiene masne kiseline kojima su


    postupkom hidrogenacije vraeni neki od
    nedostajuih atoma vodika (ADICIJA NA
    DVOSTRUKU VEZU) a radi postizanja
    vrstog stanja (DOBIVANJE MARGARINA).
    U nedostatku esencijalnih kiselina
    zauzimaju njihovo mjesto u vitalnim
    procesima i uzrokuju arterosklerozu i
    bolesti sranog miia (jer djeluju na
    razinu kolesterola u krvi.)
    ZADAA U ORGANIZMU
    Masne kiseline se razlikuju i po zadai koju
    imaju u naem organizmu.Zasiene masne
    kiseline slue kao izvor energije.
    Masti ine hranu ukusnijom i tenijom,
    pomau absorpciju u masti topivih
    vitamina A ,D, E, K, te su koncentrirani
    izvor energije.
    1g masti = 9 Cal = 37 J
    1g ugljikohidrata = 4 Cal
    KOLESTEROL
    ENDOGENI-
    Nastaje u jetri , dolazi u sastavu staninih
    membrana, mozga i ivanih tkiva. Neophodan je
    za za sintezu unih soli, hormona , vitamina D3
    EGZOGENI-
    Nalazi se u proizvodima ivotinjskog porijekla koji
    se koriste u prehrani ljudi. umanjak, jetrica,
    koljke,punomasni mlijeni proizvodi

    HDL- KOLESTEROL = DOBRIKOLESTEROL


    LDL KOLESTEROL =LOI KOLESTEROL
    LIPOPROTEINI
    Kemijski spojevi graeni od masti i proteina

    LD lest
    PROTEINI MASTI

    ko ol
    L-
    er
    LDL (LIPOPROTEINI NISKE GUSTOE)

    HD les
    ko ol
    L t
    PROTEINI MASTI

    er
    HDL (LIPOPROTEINI VISOKE GUSTOE) nezasiene

    HDL isti kolesterol s krvnih ila i


    dovodi ga u jetru gdje se prerauje u u i izluuje iz organizma

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