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    CH 3. Four Pillars of IoT

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    Karthik Sara M
    The document discusses the four pillars of IoT: M2M, RFID, WSNs, and SCADA. M2M uses devices to capture events via a network connection to a central server. RFID uses radio waves to transfer data from electronic tags to a central system. WSNs consist of distributed sensors to monitor conditions. SCADA is an autonomous system that connects, monitors, and controls equipment via a network. These four pillars are connected through common practices, networking methods, and middleware platforms to form the foundation of the Internet of Things.

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    CH 3. Four Pillars of IoT

    Uploaded by

    Karthik Sara M
    3K views15 pages
    The document discusses the four pillars of IoT: M2M, RFID, WSNs, and SCADA. M2M uses devices to capture events via a network connection to a central server. RFID uses radio waves to transfer data from electronic tags to a central system. WSNs consist of distributed sensors to monitor conditions. SCADA is an autonomous system that connects, monitors, and controls equipment via a network. These four pillars are connected through common practices, networking methods, and middleware platforms to form the foundation of the Internet of Things.

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    Ch 3. Four Pillars of IoT

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    The document discusses the four pillars of IoT: M2M, RFID, WSNs, and SCADA. M2M uses devices to capture events via a network connection to a central server. RFID uses radio waves to transfer data from electronic tags to a central system. WSNs consist of distributed sensors to monitor conditions. SCADA is an autonomous system that connects, monitors, and controls equipment via a network. These four pillars are connected through common practices, networking methods, and middleware platforms to form the foundation of the Internet of Things.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3K views15 pages

    CH 3. Four Pillars of IoT

    Uploaded by

    Karthik Sara M
    The document discusses the four pillars of IoT: M2M, RFID, WSNs, and SCADA. M2M uses devices to capture events via a network connection to a central server. RFID uses radio waves to transfer data from electronic tags to a central system. WSNs consist of distributed sensors to monitor conditions. SCADA is an autonomous system that connects, monitors, and controls equipment via a network. These four pillars are connected through common practices, networking methods, and middleware platforms to form the foundation of the Internet of Things.

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    You are on page 1of 15

    Ch.

    3 Four Pillars of IoT

    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 1


    3.1 The Horizontal, Verticals, and Four Pillars
    It is very important to sort out those vertical applications and identif
    y common underpinning technologies that can be used across the bo
    ard, so that interconnecting, interrelating, and synergized grand inte
    gration and new creative, disruptive applications can be achieved.
    One of the common characteristics of the Internet of Things is that o
    bjects in a IoT world have to be instrumented, interconnected, befor
    e anything can be intelligently processed and used anywhere, anytim
    e, anyway, and anyhow, which are the 5A and 3I characteristics.
    To achieve such 5A and 3I capabilities, some common, horizontal, g
    eneral-purpose technologies, standards, and platforms, especially m
    iddleware platforms based on common data representations just lik
    e the three-tiered application server middleware, HTML language, a
    nd HTTP protocol in the Internet/web arena, have to be established
    to support various vertical applications cost effectively, and new app
    lications can be added to the platform unlimitedly.

    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 2


    Most of the vertical applications of IoT utilize common technologies
    from the networking level and middleware platform to the applicatio
    n level, such as standard wired and wireless networks, DBMS, securi
    ty framework, web-based three-tiered middleware, multitenant Paa
    S, SOA interfaces, and so on.
    Service management platforms (SMPs) allow for the essential conne
    ctivity management, intelligent rate-plan management, and custome
    r self-service capability that are todays fundamental prerequisites fo
    r providing a successful, managed M2M service.
    Telenor Objects (Telenor Norway) aims to provide layered and horiz
    ontal architecture for connecting devices and application.

    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 3


    The key benefits of horizontal standard-based platforms will be faste
    r and less costly application development and more highly functiona
    l, robust, and secure applications.
    The six pillars of M2M are as follows:
    1. Remote monitoring is a generic term most often representing supervisory contro
    l, data acquisition, and automation of industrial assets.
    2. RFID is a data-collection technology that uses electronic tags for storing data.
    3. A sensor network monitors physical or environmental conditions, with sensor no
    des acting cooperatively to form/maintain the network.
    4. The term smart service refers to the process of networking equipment and monit
    oring it at a customers site so that it can be maintained and serviced more effecti
    vely.
    5. Telematics to the integration of telecommunications and infomatics, but most oft
    en it refers to tracking, navigation, and entertainment applications in vehicles.
    6. Telemetry is usually associated with industrial, medical-, and wildlife-tracking ap
    plications that transmit small amounts of vehicles data.
    A four-pillar graphic is introduced for the broader IoT universe. The
    four pillars of IoT are M2M, RFID, WSNs and SCADA (supervisory
    control and data acquisition)
    . M2M uses devices to capture events, via a network connection to a central server,
    that translates the captured events into meaningful information.

    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 4


    RFID uses radio waves to transfer data from an electronic tag attached to an objec
    t to a central system through a reader for the purpose of identifying and tracking t
    he object.
    A WSN consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical
    or environmental conditions.
    SCADA is an autonomous system based on closed-loop control theory or a smart s
    ystem or a CPS data connects, monitors, and controls equipment via network in a
    facility such as a plant or a building.
    Harbor Research defines smart systems as a new generation of syste
    ms architecture that provides real-time awareness based on inputs fr
    om machines, people, video streams, maps, new feeds, sensors, and
    more that integrate people, processes, and knowledge to enable colle
    ctive awareness and decision making.
    Four Pillars of IoT and Their Relevance to Networks
    Four Pillars and Short-Range Long-Range Short-Range Lon-Range
    Networks Wireless Wireless Wired Wired

    RFID Yes Some No Some

    WSN Yes Some No Some

    M2M Some Yes No Some

    SCADA Some Some Yes Yes

    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 5


    The four pillars of IoT paradigms and related networks
    IoT is the glue that fastens the four pillars through a common set of best practice
    s, networking methodology, and middleware platform.

    SCADA

    IoT RFID
    M2M

    WSN

    3.2 M2M: The Internet of Devices


    Two of the six pillars, remote monitoring and smart service, are feat
    ures or functions of an IoT system rather pillars.
    Most of the M2M market research reports assume M2M modules ar
    e simply just cellular modules.

    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 6


    Application Areas for Cellular M2M, p. 67
    There is overlap between M2M and the consumer electronics applica
    tions. The consumer electronics offerings include the following:
    Personal navigation devices
    eReaders
    Digital picture frames
    People-tracking devices
    Pet-tracking devices
    Home security monitors
    Personal medical devices

    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 7


    The typical architecture of an M2M system from BiTX.
    1 2 3 4 5

    The M2M The M2M The Network The M2M The Remote
    Application Middleware Infrastructure Gateway Assets
    (the front end) (the brains of (the transport) (the interpreter)
    the system)
    Wireless
    S N
    Wired

    6 M2M communication protocol 7 Asset-specific


    protocol

    N Network adapter S Gateway Manager

    Service
    Vertical Applications

    Service Enablememt Middleware (APIs over Internet)


    Reduce complexities with regard to fragmented connectivity, device standards, application
    information protocols, and device management. Based on and extend connectivity.

    Connectivity

    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 8


    3.3 RFID: The Internet of Objects
    An RFID tag is a simplified, low-cost, disposable contactless smartca
    rd. RFID tags include a chip that stores a static number (ID) and attr
    ibutes of the tagged object and an antenna that enables the chip to tr
    ansmit the store number to a reader.
    An RFID system involves hardware known as readers and tags, as w
    ell as RFID software or RFID middleware.

    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 9


    3.4 WSN: The Internet of Transducers
    WSN is more for sensing and information-collecting purposes. Othe
    r networks include body sensor network (BSN), visual or video senso
    r network (VSN), vehicular sensor networks, underwater (acoustic) s
    ensor networks, interplanetary sensor networks, fieldbus networks,
    and others.
    The extended scope of WSN is the USN, or ubiquitous sensor networ
    k, a network of intelligent sensors that could one day become ubiqui
    tous.

    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 10


    The architecture of a typical sensor network

    Sensor node: sense target events, gather sensor readings, manipulate informatio
    n, send them to gateway via radio link
    Base station/sink: communicate with sensor nodes and user/operator
    Operator/user: task manager, send query
    Routing and energy saving are required.

    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 11


    WSNs are meant to be deployed in large numbers in various environmen
    ts, including remote and hostile regions, with ad hoc communications as
    key.
    For this reasons, algorithms and protocols need to address the following
    issues.
    Lifetime maximization
    Robustness and fault tolerance
    Self-configuration

    Middleware for WSN, the middle-level primitive between the software a


    nd the hardware, can help bridge the gap and remove impediments.
    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 12
    Context-aware system based on WSN

    Mobile sensor networks (MSNs) are WSNs in which nodes can move
    under own control or under the control of the environment.

    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 13


    3.5 SCADA: The Internet of Controllers
    SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is a type of industrial contr
    ol system (ICS). Industrial control systems are computer controlled systems t
    hat monitor and control industrial processes that exist in the physical world

    An existing SCADA system usually consists of the following subsystems:


    HMI (human-machine interface)
    RTU (remote terminal units)
    PLSs (programmable logic controllers)
    DCSs (distributed control systems)
    M2M, WSN, smart systems, CPS, and others all have overlaps of scope with SCADA.
    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 14
    Middleware-based SCADA system

    Ch. 3. Four Pillars of IoT 15

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