PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WATER

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK FOR

PALANPUR CITY AREA

PRESENTED BY
GUIDED BY
DEVANSHI A. SHUKLA
Dr. SUVARNA D. SHAH
M.E.STUDENT
ASSOCIATE PROFFESSOR

Civil Engineering Department,

Faculty of Technology & Engineering,
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of
Baroda
1
CONTENTS
Introduction
Objectives of study
Literature review
Study area & Data collection
Methodology & Data Analysis
Modeling of Water Distribution Network
Result & Analysis
Conclusion & Recommendations
Future Scope
References
Paper Published

2
INTRODUCTION

Water is rightly equated with life because life is impossible without

water. It is the most essential ingredient for survival.
Over the past few decades, use of water has increased, and in many
places water availability is falling to crisis levels.
Inadequate institutional reforms and ineffective implementation of
existing provisions also affect the performance level for water
service delivery.
Severe water shortages have led to a growing number of conflicts
between users in agricultural and industrial sectors, as also the
domestic sector.

3
METHODS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION:
Depending upon the level of source, topography of the area and
other local conditions the water may be forced into distribution
system by following ways:

Gravity system

Pumping system

Combined gravity and pumping system

4
 TYPES OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM:
The water may be supplied to the consumers by either of the two
systems:
Continuous system
In this case water is available for 24 hours, so the system is always
under pressure. This system is possible when there is adequate
quantity of water for supply. Losses will be more if there are
leakages in the system.
Intermittent system
In the intermittent system, the consumer gets supply only for
certain fixed hours (few hours in the morning and in the evening).
The intermittent supplies system suffers from several disadvantages
and does not promote hygiene. As the water is supplied after
intervals, it is called intermittent supply. If the plenty of water is not
available, the supply of water is divided into service areas and each
service area is supplied with water for fixed hours in a day or on
alternate days.

5
OVERVIEW OF EPANET
EPANET is a public-domain, water-distribution-system modeling
package developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Water Supply and Water Resources Division.

EPANET first appeared in 1993 (Rossman, 1993), and a new

version is slated for release in 1999.

EPANET2.0 performs single period and extended period simulation

of hydraulic model, water quality behavior within pressurized pipe
networks.

6
Component Input Output
Parameters Parameters

Junction Elevation, Hydraulic

Water Head
Demand Pressure

Link Length, Flow rate,

t Diameter, Velocity,
Roughness Head loss
Coefficient
Tank Bottom Hydraulic
Elevation Head
Diameter
Water levels

7
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
To study EPANET 2.0 software
To study present Water Distribution Network (WDN) of
Palanpur city.
To identify and select the water scarcity service area of
Palanpur city.
To develop and simulate WDN model of Haripura and Fansia
Tekra service area.
To identify issue and suggest corrective action for present
and future scenario.

8
LITERATURE REVIEW
Jothiprakash V. & et.al., (2010), performed on existing pipe
network system at NITTiruchirappali has been analyzed using
EPANET software. The campus has three zones. Each zone has
been analyzed for their adequacy, separately and as a whole. The
analysis carried out for peak demand and average demand
conditions. It is found that the present system is adequate.
Mariappan,N. & et.al.,(2011),examined the water demand analysis
of Public Water Supply in Municipalities using EPANET 2.0
software with the aim of providing effective planning, development
and operation of water supply and distribution networks. A
framework for taking management decisions such as an extension
of the supply network and location of new facilities was given.

9
 Saminu, A. & Abubakar, et.al., (2013), were used to carry out
the hydraulic analysis of the distribution network in the study area
N.D.A (NIGERIAN DEFENCE ACADEMY).They verified that the
pressures at all junctions and the flows with their velocities at all
pipes are feasible enough to provide adequate water to the network
of the study area.

SANTHOSH L. et.al., (Jan-2012), were carried both single period

and extended period simulation for distribution network system for
one ward. Simulation has been carried out for hydraulic parameters
such as head, pressure. They designed the pipe network for future
demand. They also used GIS software for integrating and estimating
quantity of earth work to be excavated in terms of cutting & filling
through Digital Elevation Model(DGM).

10
 Pradhan, A. & Tarai, A, (2006), Concluded that modeling rural
networks for intermittent water supply systems. It is a challenging
task because these systems are not fully pressurized pipeline
networks but networks with very low pressures, with restricted water
supply hours per day, and with thousands of ferrule points and roof
tank connections. Two cases studies, water distribution model of
Shillong in India and detailed water distribution model of Dhaka in
Bangladesh.

11
METHODOLOGY (Methodology adopted in the study )

12
STUDY AREA & DATA COLLECTION
Palanpur is a district head
quarter of Banaskantha district.

The city is situated in the north

east direction at about 155 kms
from Ahmedabad and 135 kms
Gandhinagar the state capital.

13
 District Palanpur
Latitude 241012 N
Longitude 722548 E
Zones 2
Service Areas 9
Selected Haripura,
Palanpur city
Source: Google Earth Service areas Fansia Tekra

14
Haripura service area is located on North
West of Palanpur city having approximate
population of 12144 and 2.696km areas in
below Figure.

Service area: Haripura

Source: Google earth

15
Fansia Tekra is one of the oldest service
areas of Palanpur city, having
approximate population of 14573 and
1.5 km2 areas.

Service area: FansiaTekra

Source: Google earth

16
DATA COLLECTION
DETAIL OF DATA SOURCE

Water Distribution map of study area Gujarat Water Supply & Sewerage Board
from Dario to Palanpur city. (GWSSB) of Palanpur city

Water distribution key plan of all Municipal Corporation , Palanpur city

service areas(hard copy)

Dharoi pipe line to Amirbaug Head GWSSB , Palanpur city

Works & connecting different sub Head
Works.(softcopy)

Key plan of gravity main/rising main GWSSB , Palanpur city

from Amirbaug H.W. to different H.W.
of city service area.

17
 DATA COLLECTION Continue..

DETAIL OF DATA SOURCE

Water distribution parameter detail Municipal Corporation , Gujarat Water

(water demand, population) Supply & Sewerage Board
(GWSSB) , Palanpur

Distribution network parameters detail GWSSB , Palanpur

(elevation, pipe length , pipe diameter ,
junction detail)

Physically Survey (Form Filled up) Societies under this area.

(Annexure VI (A to C))

18
Palanpur Water Supply Scheme
19
 Above figure is the schematic arrangement of the Palanpur city &
other peripheral village water supply scheme.
The major water supply network is connecting VAV Head Works
with Danta taluka, Mumanvas, Ambaghata, Ambaji, Gola HW for
villages near Palanpur, Banas Dairy & Amir baug Sump for
Palanpur city.

20
 (Source: GWSSB)

Water Supply Scheme for Amir Baug Sump to ESR

21
 Palanpur City water supply is mainly coming from Dharoi Dam to
different Head Work, which are the main suppliers of the water to
all service areas comes under Palanpur city shown in figure.
The Amirbaug Head Work is a main supply of water to the Haripura
ESR & Fansia Tekra ESR for supplying the water to the ESRs 3200
LPM & 32 meter delivery head capacity pumps are used.
Haripura (Mansarovar) ESR is having 8 Lakh Liters of water
storing capacity & it is with 16 meter of height form GL RL of
222.50 m. The Bottom RL & FSL RL of ESR is respectively 238.50
m & 244.00m.
Fansia Tekra ESR is having 5 Lakh Liters of water storing capacity
& 12 meter height form GL RL of 226.55m. The Bottom RL & FSL
RL of ESR is respectively 238.55 & 244.05 m.

22
 POPULATION FORECASTING:
Design of water supply and sanitation scheme is based on the
projected population of a particular city, estimated for the design
period.

The methods for population forecasting are:

Arithmetical increase method
Geometrical increase method
Incremental increase method

23
24
25
 GEOMETRICAL INCREASE METHOD

The projected population by Geometric Increase method seems to be

appropriate.
The adopted projected population of the city for base year (2011),
middle year (2031) and design year (2051) for this estimate is given
in tabular manner.

Sr. No. Year Population

Haripura Fansia Tekra
1 2011 12144 14573
2 2031 16388 18963
3 2051 22115 24675

26
USE OF GOOGLE EARTH & GOOGLE EARTH-PRO

Haripura
Service Area

27
Fansia Tekra
Service Area

28
 WATER DEMAND ESTIMATION
The water demand on the basis of 140 LPCD has been worked out
for various scenarios.
Water demand estimation of the service area for base year (2011),
middle year (2031) and design year (2051) is given below.

Sr. No. Year Water Demand Estimation(LPS)

Intermittent supply Continuous Supply
Haripura Fansia Tekra
1. 2011 207.6 147.82 17.3 12.03
2. 2031 282.06 192.35 23.5 16.03
3. 2051 378.13 250.29 31.51 20.86

29
MODEL DEVELOPMENT

Modeling of Water Distribution Network (WDN) for Haripura

service area and Fansia Tekra service area using EPANET2.0 for
different scenarios.

MODELING OF WATER DISTRBUTION NETWORK

(HARIPURA SERVICE AREA)
The Water Distribution Network of Haripura service area is newly
commissioned in year 2008 serving 2.63km2 (18% of city area) and
12144 populations (2011, 6% of city population).
The model is developed for different scenarios :

30
 WDN model with intermittent water supply (2011)
WDN model with intermittent water supply (2031)
WDN model with intermittent water supply (2051)
WDN model with continuous water supply (2011)
WDN model with continuous water supply (2031)
WDN model with continuous water supply (2051)

31
 WDN model with intermittent water supply (2011)
The Water Distribution Network has been developed using
hydraulic analysis software EPANET 2.0. The timings in this type
of water supply is 6:00a.m. to 8:00a.m.

Description Details
SERVICE AREA HARIPURA

No. of Nodes 57
No. of Pipes/Links 56
No. of Tank 1
No. of Pump 1
No. of Reservoir 1

32
 STEPS OF WDN DEVELOPMENT

Schematized WDN- Intermittent Water Supply (2011, Haripura Service Area)

33
 Node Input Data (2011, Haripura Service Area)
Elevati Base Base
Node ID on Demand Node ID Elevation Demand
m LPS m LPS
Junc 2 223.58 2.2 Junc 31 218.67 4.4
Junc 3 224.91 1.12 Junc 32 219.05 4.49
Junc 4 226.13 1.3 Junc 33 218.58 4.35
Junc 5 223.52 1.17 Junc 34 217.8 4.31
Junc 6 223.73 1.89 Junc 35 216.56 4.49
Junc 7 223.61 1.35 Junc 36 215.72 1.44
Junc 8 222.86 1.89 Junc 37 215.32 0.66
Junc 9 221.6 1.84 Junc 38 220.46 1.77
Junc 10 219.02 2.2 Junc 39 218.88 1.64
Junc 11 216.94 2.24 Junc 40 219.2 1.66
Junc 12 215.56 0.29 Junc 41 218.8 1.48
Junc 13 216.18 0.24 Junc 42 218.2 1.12
Junc 14 217.05 0.19 Junc 43 218.5 5.39
Junc 15 217.5 2.02 Junc 44 217.8 4.49
Junc 16 217.98 2.15 Junc 45 217.79 4.49
Junc 17 219.53 1.86 Junc 46 218.81 0.99
Junc 18 218.6 2.2 Junc 47 218.16 1.12
Junc 19 219.53 2.02 Junc 48 218.28 0.36
Junc 20 219.28 0.11 Junc 49 218.66 1.08
Junc 21 214.64 0.08 Junc 50 222.65 2.2
Junc 22 214.62 0.09 Junc 51 223.58 2.11
Junc 23 214.7 0.07 Junc 52 225.5 2.07
Junc 24 216.94 1.89 Junc 53 226.66 2.2
Junc 25 220.46 1.75 Junc 54 224.15 2.2
Junc 26 218.83 1.71 Junc 55 224.65 1.93
Junc 27 217.95 1.17 Junc 56 224.35 2.15
Junc 28 217.47 0.99 Junc 57 223.61 2.11 34
Junc 29 217.47 0.72 Reservoir 212 -
Junc 30 218.81 0.54 Tank 238.5 -
35
 Pipe Input Data (2011, Haripura Service Area)
Length Diameter Length Diameter
Link ID m mm Roughness Link ID m mm Roughness
Pipe 1 140 300 130 Pipe 29 32 140 150
Pipe 2 80 250 130 Pipe 30 101 110 150
Pipe 3 100 160 150 Pipe 31 132 110 150
Pipe 4 154 160 150 Pipe 32 30 90 150
Pipe 5 102 160 150 Pipe 33 32 90 150
Pipe 6 30 160 150 Pipe 34 20 90 150
Pipe 7 109 160 150 Pipe 35 96 90 150
Pipe 8 61 160 150 Pipe 36 99 90 150
Pipe 9 170 160 150 Pipe 37 73 90 150
Pipe 10 30 160 150 Pipe 38 69 90 150
Pipe 11 66 160 150 Pipe 39 101 90 150
Pipe 12 85 160 150 Pipe 40 55 160 150
Pipe 13 83 160 150 Pipe 41 43 90 150
Pipe 14 60 160 150 Pipe 42 327 90 150
Pipe 15 103 160 150 Pipe 43 55 90 150
Pipe 16 60 160 150 Pipe 44 117 90 150
Pipe 17 198 90 150 Pipe 45 120 90 150
Pipe 18 74 110 150 Pipe 46 213 90 150
Pipe 19 41 90 150 Pipe 47 119 90 150
Pipe 20 183 90 150 Pipe 48 50 90 150
Pipe 21 50 90 150 Pipe 49 89 110 150
Pipe 22 44 90 150 Pipe 50 33 90 150
Pipe 23 66 90 150 Pipe 51 58 90 150
Pipe 24 141 90 150 Pipe 52 34 90 150
Pipe 25 64 90 150 Pipe 53 87 90 150
Pipe 26 42 90 150 Pipe 54 98 90 150
Pipe 27 42 140 150 Pipe 55 63 90 150
Pipe 28 32 140 150 Pipe 56 160 160 150
36
37
Tank Detail

38
Pump Curve

39
Demand Pattern

40
Run Analysis of WDN - Intermittent Water Supply (2011, Haripura Service Area)

41
 WDN model with intermittent water supply (2031)
The WDN for Haripura Service Area with intermittent supply has
been developed for base year 2011 discussed earlier.

In the same WDN model new base water demand for serve 2031
population have been used to developed new model.

The roughness co-efficient of C.I. pipes is considered as 90.After

running the model, run analysis result is presented in below
figure.

42
Run Analysis of WDN- Intermittent Water Supply (2031, Haripura Service
Area)
43
 WDN model with intermittent water supply (2051)
The WDN for Haripura Service Area with intermittent supply has
been developed for base year 2011 discussed earlier.

In the same WDN model new base water demand for serve 2051
population have been used to developed new model.

The roughness co-efficient of C.I. pipes is considered as 80 .After

running the model, run analysis result is represented in below
figure.

44
Run Analysis of WDN- Intermittent Water Supply (2051, Haripura Service
Area)
45
 WDN network with continuous supply (2011)
The WDN for Haripura Service Area with continuous supply has
been developed for base year 2011 discussed earlier(Steps of WDN
development).

In the same WDN model new base water demand , for serve 2011
population have been used to developed new model.

The roughness co-efficient of C.I. pipes is considered as 130.After

running the model run analysis result is presented.

46
Run Analysis of WDN- Continuous Water Supply (2011, Haripura Service
Area)

47
 WDN network with continuous supply (2031)
The WDN for Haripura Service Area with continuous supply
has been developed for base year 2031 discussed earlier(Steps of
WDN development).
In the same WDN model new base water demand , for serve 2031
population have been used to developed new model.

The roughness co-efficient of C.I. pipes is considered as 90. After

running the model run analysis result is presented.

48
Run Analysis of WDN- Continuous Water Supply (2031, Haripura Service Area)

49
 WDN network with continuous supply (2051)
The WDN for Haripura Service Area with continuous supply
has been developed for base year 2051 discussed earlier(Steps of
WDN development).

In the same WDN model new base water demand , for serve 2051
population have been used to developed new model.

The roughness co-efficient of C.I. pipes is considered as 80. After

running the model run analysis result is presented.

50
Run Analysis of WDN -Continuous Water Supply (2051, Haripura Service Area)

51
 MODELING OF WATER DISTRBUTION NETWORK
(FANSIATEKRA SERVICE AREA)
The Water Distribution Network of Fansia Tekra service area was
commissioned in year 1986 serving 1.5 km2 (11% of city area) and
14573 population (2011, 7% of city population).
This network is analyzed for intermittent supply and continuous
supply.
The intermittent water supply is for 1 hour in morning (6:00 AM to
7:00 AM) and 1 hour (5:00 PM to 6:00 PM) in evening.

Model of WDN has been developed and performance analysis has

been carried out for different scenarios considering present and
future population viz:

52
 WDN model with intermittent water supply (2011)
WDN model with intermittent water supply (2031)
WDN model with intermittent water supply (2051)
WDN model with continuous water supply (2011)
WDN model with continuous water supply (2031)
WDN model with continuous water supply (2051)

53
 WDN model with intermittent water supply (2011)
The Water Distribution Network has been developed using
hydraulic analysis software EPANET 2.0.
The roughness co-efficient of C.I. pipes is considered as 90 after
running the model run analysis result is presented.
Description Details
SERVICE AREA Fansia Tekra
No. of Nodes 48
No. of Pipes/Links 61
No. of Tank 1
No. of Pump 1
No. of Reservoir 1

54
 STEPS OF WDN DEVELOPMENT

Schematized WDN- Intermittent Water Supply (2011, FansiaTekra Service

Area)
55
56
Run Analysis of WDN- Intermittent Water Supply (2011, FansiaTekra Service
Area)

57
 WDN Model with Intermittent Water Supply (2031)
The WDN for Fansia Tekra Service Area with Intermittent supply
has been developed for base year 2011 discussed earlier in steps of
WDN model.

In the same WDN model new base water demand for serve 2031
population have been used to developed new model.

The roughness co-efficient of C.I. pipes is considered as 80 After

running the model run analysis result is presented.

58
Run Analysis of WDN- Intermittent Water Supply (2031, FansiaTekra Service
Area)

59
 WDN Model with Intermittent Water Supply (2051)
The WDN for Fansia Tekra Service Area with Intermittent supply
has been developed for base year 2011 discussed earlier.

In the same WDN model new base water demand for serve 2051
population have been used to developed new model. The
roughness co-efficient of C.I. pipes is considered as 70.

After running the model run analysis result is presented.

60
Run Analysis of WDN- Intermittent Water Supply (2051, FansiaTekra Service
Area)

61
 WDN network with continuous supply (2011)
The WDN for Fansia Tekra Service Area with continuous
supply has been developed for base year 2011 discussed
earlier(Steps of WDN development).

In the same WDN model new base water demand , for serve 2011
population have been used to developed new model.

The roughness co-efficient of C.I. pipes is considered as 90.After

running the model run analysis result is presented.

62
Run Analysis of WDN- Continuous Water Supply (2011, FansiaTekra Service
Area)

63
 WDN network with continuous supply (2031)
The WDN for Fansia Tekra Service Area with continuous
supply has been developed for base year 2031 discussed
earlier(Steps of WDN development).
In the same WDN model new base water demand , for serve 2031
population have been used to developed new model.

The roughness co-efficient of C.I. pipes is considered as 80. After

running the model run analysis result is presented.

64
Run Analysis of WDN- Continuous Water Supply (2031, FansiaTekra Service
Area)

65
 WDN network with continuous supply (2051)
The WDN for Fansia Tekra Service Area with continuous
supply has been developed for base year 2051 discussed
earlier(Steps of WDN development).

In the same WDN model new base water demand , for serve 2051
population have been used to developed new model.

The roughness co-efficient of C.I. pipes is considered as 70. After

running the model run analysis result is presented.

66
Run Analysis of WDN- Continuous Water Supply (2051, FansiaTekra Service
Area)

67
 SUMMARY
This chapter includes modeling of WDN using EPANET 2.0
software of two service areas (Palanpur city).
For different scenarios, present and future models of Haripura
Service area and Fansia Tekra Service area have been developed.
The existing and future models have been developed for
intermittent and continuous water supply.
The future models are designed for 40 years. Concerned result and
analysis of all models are explained in the next chapter.

68
RESULT AND ANALYSIS

The Water Distribution Network (WDN) has been developed for

Haripura and FansiaTekra Service Area of Palanpur city, for present
and future scenarios with intermittent and continuous water supply
for 2011, 2031 and 2051, as discussed in the previous Chapter.

The results of developed models are analyzed in this chapter.

69
 RESULT & ANALYSIS OF WDN (HARIPURA SERVICE
AREA)
The analysis of all the Intermittent, Continuous & Redesign water
supply WDN for year 2011, 2031 & 2051 is based on the current &
future forecasted population water demand.
The output of all this three years model is compared with each
other, so the variation in pressure, velocity & head loss can be
easily identify from graphs.

70
 WDN Model with Intermittent Water Supply (2011)

The Figure indicates negative & low residual pressure at some of the nodes in morning hours at 6:00 AM
simultaneously some of the pipes/links shows high water flowing velocity after simulation.

71
 WDN Model with Intermittent Water Supply (2031)

The simulated output of WDN with intermittent supply 2031 is shown in Figure ., the future working status of network
can be identified from Figure, like; many numbers of distribution pipes/links are showing higher velocity range 1.8 to
3.9 m/s.

72
 WDN Model with Intermittent Water Supply (2051)

The simulated output of WDN with intermittent supply 2051 network is shown in Figure. From the simulation result the
velocity of water in pipes/is very high in range. The same links/pipes are facing high head loss, due to this high head
loss also found in respective links/pipes.

73
 Comparision of Pressure Profile

40

20

33
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31

35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
1
3
5
7
9
Pressure(m)

-20

-40

-60

-80
Node No

Year 2011 Year 2031 Year 2051

Range: (- 5 m to 60 m)

74
 Comparision of Velocity Profile

4
velocity(m/s)

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61

Pipe No

Year 2011 Year 2031 Year 2051

Range: 0.6 to 6 m/s

75
 Comparision of Head loss

300

250
Range: 40 to 250 m
200
head loss(m/km)

150

100

50

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61

Pipe No

Year 2011 Year 2031 Year 2051

The result of future scenario models clearly shows that, the existing network will not work efficiently for year 2031 &
2051. This situation indicated that, the existing WDN of Haripura service area is not capable to serve future population.
Hence redesign of WDN is required for same.

76
 Redesign of WDN Model with Intermittent Water Supply
(2051)

77
 Comparision of Pressure Profile

40

20

17

35
11
13
15

19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33

37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
1
3
5
7
9
Pressure(m)

-20

-40

-60

-80
Node No

Year 2051 Redesign Year 2051

78
 Comparision of Velocity Profile

4
velocity(m/s)

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55

Pipe No

Year 2051 Redesign Year 2051

79
 Comparision of Head loss

300

250

200
head loss(m/km)

150

100

50

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55

Pipe No

Year 2051 Redesign Year 2051

80
 WDN Model with Continuous Water Supply (2011)

The residual pressure of nodes in morning hours at 6:00 AM is not within the suggested limits of CPHEEO manual
(Para 10.3.3), except some of the nodes are up to design pressure limit of 22m.

81
 WDN Model with Continuous Water Supply (2031)

The residual pressure of nodes in morning hours at 6:00 AM is not within the suggested design limits of CPHEEO
manual (Para 10.3.3), except some of the nodes. Moreover, pipe links of WDN are showing velocity less than the
permissible velocity mentioned in CPHEEO manual (Para 6.2.8)

82
 WDN Model with Continuous Water Supply (2051)

The residual pressure at nodes in morning hours at 6:00 AM is within the suggested design limits of CPHEEO manual
(Para 10.3.3) for many numbers nodes. As like nodes, some of the pipes in WDN showing values of velocity within
permissible limits suggested by CPHEEO Para 6.2.8 & 6.2.10 (Figure 6.13).

83
 Comparision of Pressure profile

30

25

20
Pressure(m)

15

10

41
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39

43
45
47
49
51
53
55
1
3
5
7
9

Node No

Year 2011 Year 2031 Year 2051

84
 Comparision of Velocity Profile

1.6

1.4

1.2

1
velocity(m/s)

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55

Pipe No
Year 2011 Year 2031 Year 2051

85
 Comparision of Head loss

25

20
head loss(m/km)

15

10

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55

Pipe No

Year 2011 Year 2031 Year 2051

86
 Pressure Profile for Node no. 2,3,15,25,41 & 48
30
Pressure(m) 25
20
15
10
5
0

Time(Hrs)
Node 48 Node 2 Node 3 Node 15 Node 25 Node 41

Velocity Profile for pipe link no. 1,4,18,47,49 & 56

1.4
1.2
Velocity (m/s)

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

Time(Hrs)
Link 1 Link 18 Link 49 Link 4 Link 56 Link 47

87
 RESULT & ANALYSIS OF WDN (FANSIA TEKRA
SERVICE AREA)

The analysis of all WDN with intermittent, continuous water supply

WDN for year 2011, 2031 & 2051 is based on the current & future
(40 years of planning period) forecasted population water demand.
The output of these entire three years model is compared
graphically with each other to determine variation in pressure,
velocity & head loss.

88
 WDN Model with Intermittent Water Supply (2011)

The Figure indicates, all nodes of WDN (2011) are getting sufficient residual pressure in morning hours at 6:00 AM.

89
 WDN Model with Intermittent Water Supply (2031)

The Figure 6.20 suggests decrease of available residual pressure at nodes; it is an impact of increase in water demand &
degradation of pipe network. Even though the simulation of WDN found successful but residual pressure at nodes is not
within the range of 7 to 17m.

90
 WDN Model with Intermittent Water Supply (2051)

As illustrated in Figure, many numbers of nodes of WDN shows negative pressure for year 2051 water demand. Same
like reduction in residual pressure at nodes/junctions of the WDN, velocity in pipes/links is gradually increases for other
links which are not showing high velocity in network run for WDN of existing year & year 2031.

91
 Comparision of Pressure Profile

25

20

15

10
Pressure(m)

0 13
11

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

45

47
1

-5

-10

-15
Node No

Year 2011 Year 2031 Year 2051

Range: (7m to 20m)

92
 Comparision of Velocity Profile

4.5

3.5

3
velocity(m/s)

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61

Pipe No

Year 2011 Year 2031 Year 2051

Range: 0.3 m/s to 4 m/s

93
 Comparision of Head loss

100

90

80
Range: Up to 80m
70
head loss(m/km)

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61

Pipe No

Year 2011 Year 2031 Year 2051

The existing ESR (Elevated Storage Reservoir) capacity is 5 lakh liters. Use of same ESR for fulfilling the future
demand will not be feasible as the suggested ESR capacity should be 1/3 of daily demand (GWSSB, 3.6.2(Chapter 3)),
thus the separation of existing WDN by providing two valves & few new pipes with changed diameter makes the WDN
efficient for working in existing and future years.

94
 Redesign of WDN Model with Intermittent Water Supply
(2051)

6:00 am

95
9:00 am

96
 Pressure(m)

0
5
10
15
20
1 25
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Section (2) 6:00AM

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

Section (1) 9:00 AM

23
24
25
26
27
Pressure Profile

28
29
30
31
Node No

32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
97
 Velocity Profile

2.5

2
velocity(m/s)

1.5

0.5

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61

6:00 AM Section (2) Pipe No

9:00 AM Section (1)

98
 Head loss

30

25

20
head loss(m/km)

15

10

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61

6:00 AM Section(2) Pipe No

9:00 AM Section(1)

99
 WDN Model with Continuous Water Supply (2011)

The Figure shows sufficient residual pressure at all nodes of WDN (2011) in morning hours of 6:00 AM.

100
 WDN Model with Continuous Water Supply (2031)

The Figure indicates the nodes of permissible residual pressure in morning hours at 6:00 AM.

101
 WDN Model with Continuous Water Supply (2051)

The Figure shows permissible residual pressure at nodes.

102
 Pressure(m)

0
5
10
15
20
25
1 30
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Year 2011
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Year 2031
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Node No 24

Year 2051
25
26
27
28
29
Comparision of Pressure Profile

30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
103
 Comparision of Velocity Profile

0.6

0.5

0.4
velocity(m/s)

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61

Pipe No

Year 2011 Year 2031 Year 2051

104
 Comparision of Head loss

2
1.8
1.6
1.4
head loss(m/km)

1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61
Pipe No

Year 2011 Year 2031 Year 2051

As the WDN for all three years facing low velocity in pipes, it is recommended to change old diameter of pipes
with new diameter. Comparatively the new selection pipe diameters, which is smaller than the diameters use in
existing intermittent water supply makes the existing WDN efficient for continuous water supply.

105
 Redesign of WDN Model with Continuous Water Supply
(2051)

106
 Pressure(m)

0
10
15
20
25
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Year 2051
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

Year 2051 Redesign

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Node No

28
29
30
Comparision of Pressure Profile

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
107
 Comparision of Velocity Profile
1.4

1.2

1
velocity(m/s)

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61
Pipe No

Year 2051 Year 2051 Redesign

108
 Comparision of Head loss

16

14

12
head loss(m/km)

10

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61

Pipe No

Year 2051 Year 2051 Redesign

109
 Pressure Profile for Node no. 2,3,15,25,41 & 48
25

20
Pressure(m)

15

10

Time (Hrs)
Node 48 Node 2 Node 3 Node 15 Node 25 Node 41

Velocity Profile for Pipe Link no. 1,2,14, 25,41 & 61

1.2
1
Velocity (m/s)

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

Link 1 Link 2 Link 25 TimeLink

(Hrs)
14 Link 41 Link 61

110
 Recommendations & Constraints for Redesign WDN with Continuous Water
Supply (Haripura & Fansia Tekra Service Area)

Velocity below 0.6 m/s can cause obstruction in pipe line & time being it will cause bacteria & fungi
generation. The main purpose for 24 hours water supply is to maintain hygiene of water.
There is no water metering system available for whole town. Before starting 24 hrs water supply proper
metering system has to establish for water supply.
Presently drainage system in city is not working properly & particularly for Haripura it is not available. So it
advisable to provide the drainage system for service area.
The leakage monitoring system & maintenance activity is very poor right now for whole city, which cannot
be acceptable in any sense to use network for 24 hours water supply. Under the continuous water supply
system all the pipe links always in pressurized condition, so leakage monitoring is regularly require.
The residual pressure exceeds the limit of 22m suggested in CPHEEO Para 10.3.3. To control the supply
pressure, PRVs (Pressure Reducing Valves) has to be provided in network at the supply mains.
Presently Dharoi reservoir is main source of water supply to the city, if there is problem with water supply
from it or any maintenance activity for rising mains or in pumping station etc. There is no other source of
water supply available for 24 hours. Continuous uninterrupted power supply is also required.

111
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION
The output of this analysis gives the idea about efficiency of present network working for current and future
scenarios. From the simulated outputs, two different operating scenarios for Haripura service area can be
concluded.

Usage of the existing Water Distribution Network for intermittent water supply network after changing
some of the under size pipes, so the network becomes useful for present as well as future design period till
2051. The replacement of pipes would cost approximately Rs 32.17 lakh. (Annexure I)
The other possibility is to use the present pipe network for continuous water supply system. In this
operating philosophy, there are no issues like; negative pressure, high velocity & high head loss will happen.
As it can be understand from the simulation carried out on 24 hrs water supply. The only drawback of low
water supply velocity in pipes will create larger clogging issue for pipes because of the diameters of these
pipes. As the pipes are selected for shorter time of water supply under intermittent supply. Also there are other
issues like, unavailability of water resources, 24*7 electricity, water meters are the major issue with existing
WDN. The existing WDN can operate for continuous water supply but it requires supporting infrastructure &
optimized piping network. Changing whole network in continuous supply network is not feasible because
the network was commissioned in 2012, so the entire network redesign and installation will cost more

112
The same simulation exercises carried out for Fansia Tekra service area under intermittent water supply
suggesting that; the existing network is working efficiently for present water demand condition & it will work
for future water demand situation till 2031. Further the simulation of intermittent water supply for 2051 was
unsuccessful; the basic reason are negative pressure at nodes, high velocity in pipe links and high future
demand situation. On the basis of this, there is good possibility to use existing water supply system for
continuous water supply, reasons & recommendation are listed below,
Since 1986 the present life of the piping network is almost about 28 years, which is at its end of design
period. The older design of this network is loop shape. As the flow distribution and water supply to nodes for
the loop shape network is distributed in adjoining pipe links, this help in control water supply velocity and
head loss.
The existing network can convert under 24 hrs water supply scheme after the replacement of all the existing
pipes with newly optimized diameter pipes for continues water supply. The investment for converting this
intermittent supply network will cost more at present but it will make the network efficient in near future. The
pipes replacements would cost Rs 30.81 Lakh. (Annexure III)
Network can also operate for intermittent supply by providing two valves, this valves works for flow
control in two separate section of network and helps in isolation of sections at two different timing of water
supply from 6:00 to 7:00 AM & 9:00 to10:00 AM same operating practice also flow for 5:00 to 6:00 PM &
8:00 to 9:00 PM. Proposed costing is Rs 66.68 Lakh Annexure II

113
FUTURE SCOPE:

The feasibility checks of other remaining service areas of Palanpur city for Continuous water supply scheme by
using EPA NET 2.0.

114
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Web Sites:
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PAPER PUBLISHED/PRESENTED
INTER NATIONAL/NATIONAL JOURNALS/ CONFERENCE

MONTH OF
TITLE OF NAME OF
ISSN -NO. PUBLICATI
PAPER JOURNAL/CONFERENCE
ON YEAR
SIMULATION
ISSN-2249-
OF HYDRAULIC
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF 7455 VOL-
PARAMETERS IN
ADVANCES & INNOVATIONS IN III,ISSUE-
WATER October-2013
MANAGEMENT, ENGINEERING 1(II)
DISTRIBUTION
&TECHNOLOGY, PUNE. (Page No.85-
USING
88)
EPANET2.0

DESIGN OF INDIAN WATER CONGRESS

WATER (IWC) - 2014
DISTRIBUTION NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IWC-2014
NETWORK RESOURCE RECOVERY & WATER (Page No.51- February-2014
USING EPANET REUSE &RECYCLE FOR 55)
2.0 A CASE SUSTAINABLE
STUDY. DEVLOPMENT,V.V.NAGAR,GUJRAT

117
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