Chapter The History of Life

Chapter Diagnostic
Questions

Which is an example of the theory of

spontaneous generation?
A. Tadpoles become frogs.
B. A starfish can grow from a severed arm.
C. Damp hay and corn create mice. 1. A
D. From a tiny acorn, an oak can grow.
2. B
3. C
4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Chapter Diagnostic
Questions

What gas do scientists think was absent from

Earths early atmosphere?
A. sulfur
B. nitrogen
C. oxygen 1. A
2. B
D. water vapor 3. C
4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Chapter Diagnostic
Questions

In which period did the first land vertebrates

appear?
A. Cambrian
B. Devonian
C. Triassic 1. A
2. B
D. Mesozoic 3. C
4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Section 1 Formative
Questions

In which type of rock do paleontologists search

for fossils?
A. igneous
B. metamorphic
C. sedimentary 1. A
2. B
D. volcanic 3. C
4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Section 1 Formative
Questions

Which dating method determines the age of

rocks by comparing them to rocks in other
layers?
A. absolute dating
B. geological dating 1. A
2. B
C. relative dating 3. C
D. sedimentary dating 4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Section 1 Formative
Questions

Which geological change during the Mesozoic

era had the greatest effect in shaping the
course of evolution?
A. plate tectonics
B. extensive glaciation 1. A
C. increased volcanic activity 2. B
3. C
D. meteorite impact 4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Section 2 Formative
Questions

At one time people believed that mold growing

on a piece of cheese was created by the
cheese. This is the idea of __________.
A. biogenesis
B. transgenesis 1. A
2. B
C. primordial generation 3. C
D. spontaneous generation 4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Section 2 Formative
Questions

According to the endosymbiont theory, what may

have happened to a prokaryotic cell that entered
a host cell?
A. It was digested by the host cell.
B. It became an organelle in the host cell.
C. 1. cell.
It became a harmful parasite in the host A
2. B
D. It was removed from the host cell by exocytosis.
3. C
4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Section 2 Formative
Questions

An ancient prokaryote containing photosynthetic

pigments that was engulfed by a host cell may
have become a _________.
A. chloroplast
B. lysosome 1. A
2. B
C. centriole 3. C
D. ribosome 4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Chapter Assessment
Questions

Which is the half-life of the

radioactive isotope shown
in the graph?

A. 18 years
B. 36 years 1. A
C. 54 years 2. B
3. C
D. 72 years 4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Chapter Assessment
Questions

Study the graph. Determine

the age of a rock if it
contained 40% C-14.

A. 2,857.5 years
B. 7,576 years 1. A
2. B
C. 11,460 years 3. C
D. 5,730 years 4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Standardized Test
Practice

Which factor made it unlikely that life existed on

Earth 4 billion years ago?
A. absence of oxygen
B. absence of food
C. intense heat 1. A
2. B
D. intense sunlight 3. C
4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Standardized Test
Practice

For which fossil might a paleontologist most

likely use carbon-14 to determine its age?
A. fossilized microbes in volcanic rock
B. dinosaur footprints found in sedimentary rock
C. marine fossils found in a deep sedimentary layer
1. A
D. a woolly mammoth frozen in a glacier2.since
B
the
last Ice Age 3. C
4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Standardized Test
Practice

Beryllium-10 (Be-10) has a half life of about

1.5 million years. If a sample is analyzed and
determined to contain of the original Be-10,
what is the age of the sample?
A. 750,000 years 1. A
2. B
B. 3 million years 3. C
C. 4.5 million years 4. D

D. 6 million years
Chapter The History of Life

Standardized Test
Practice

Which provides the best evidence that a

meteorite struck the earth 65 million years
ago?
A. a large crater that was found
B. a layer containing high levels of iridium
C. the sudden appearance of mammals 1. A
2. B
D. the sudden disappearance of dinosaurs
3. C
4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Standardized Test
Practice

In this experiment using water and

the gases to simulate Earths early
atmosphere, which was not one of
the final products?

A. amino acids
1. A
B. nucleotides 2. B
C. RNA molecules 3. C
D. sugar molecules 4. D
Chapter The History of Life

Standardized Test
Practice

Why do scientists think that archea are the closest

relatives to Earths first cells?

A. They are eukaryotes.

B. They contain DNA.
C. They carry out photosynthesis. 1. A
D. They live in extreme environments. 2. B
3. C
4. D
Section 1 The History of Life

Vocabulary

fossil era
paleontologist period
relative dating Cambrian explosion
radiometric dating plate tectonics
half-life spontaneous generation
geologic time scale theory of biogenesis
endosymbiont theory
Chapter Evolution

Chapter Diagnostic
Questions

Which is not a principle of Darwins theory about

the origin of species?
A. Individuals show variations.
B. Variations can be inherited.
C. Organisms have more offspring than available
resources will support. 1. A
2. B
D. Offspring always inherit the best traits.
3. C
4. D
Chapter Evolution

Chapter Diagnostic
Questions

Identify the term that is used to describe

anatomically similar structures inherited from
a common ancestor.
A. ancestral traits
B. analogous structures 1. A
2. B
C. homologous structures 3. C
4. D
D. vestigial structures
Chapter Evolution

Chapter Diagnostic
Questions

Which is not a vestigial structure?

A. snake pelvis
B. Kiwi wings
C. porpoise flipper
D. human appendix 1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
Chapter Evolution

Section 1 Formative
Questions

Which was Charles Darwins only qualification

for his position as naturalist on the Beagle?
A. a degree in theology
B. an interest in science
C. a knowledge of biology 1. A
2. B
D. an understanding of geology 3. C
4. D
Chapter Evolution

Section 1 Formative
Questions

What was Darwins term for selective breeding?

A. evolution
B. speciation
C. artificial selection
D. natural selection 1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
Chapter Evolution

Section 1 Formative
Questions

What did Darwin infer from his observations of

artificial selection?
A. Animal breeders could create new species.
B. A similar process could work in nature.
C. Reproductive success could be increased.
1. A
D. Variation in a species could be produced.
2. B
3. C
4. D
Chapter Evolution

Section 1 Formative
Questions

What is the relationship between the terms

natural selection and evolution?
A. They mean the same thing.
B. Evolution works against natural selection.
C. Evolution explains how natural selection works.
D. Natural selection explains how evolution
1. works.
A
2. B
3. C
4. D
Chapter Evolution

Section 2 Formative
Questions

Which is an example of a derived trait?

A. a tail
B. bones
C. feathers
D. teeth 1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
Chapter Evolution

Section 2 Formative
Questions

Which features are similar in use and evolve in

similar environments, but do not evolve from a
common ancestor?
A. analogous structures
B. embryological structures
1. A
C. homologous structures 2. B
3. C
D. vestigial structures 4. D
Chapter Evolution

Section 2 Formative
Questions

Organisms with similar anatomy share

similar DNA sequences.

A. True
B. False
1. A
2. B
Chapter Evolution

Section 2 Formative
Questions

At the heart of the theory of evolution by natural

selection lies the concept of __________.
A. adaptation
B. biogeography
C. gradualism 1. A
2. B
D. speciation 3. C
4. D
Chapter Evolution

Section 3 Formative
Questions

The development of the evolutionary theory has

led to the understanding that the raw material
for evolution is _________.
A. genes
B. traits 1. A
2. B
C. adaptation 3. C
4. D
D. competition
Chapter Evolution

Section 3 Formative
Questions

Why does the ratio of gray to

red owls remain the same after
the population has doubled?
A. They each have different predators.
B. They compete with one another for resources.
C. Both are equally adapted to survive in1. their
A
environment. 2. B
3. C
D. New individuals have emigrated into the
4. D
population.
Chapter Evolution

Section 3 Formative
Questions

Which of these conditions can act on

phenotypes to provide adaptive advantages
to a population?
A. mutations
B. natural selection 1. A
2. B
C. nonrandom mating 3. C
4. D
D. small population size
Chapter Evolution

Section 3 Formative
Questions

Which description is evidence that a speciation has

taken place?
A. A physical barrier has caused two groups from a population to
adapt to different environments.
B. Some members can no longer produce fertile offspring with
members of the original population.
C. A small group has developed mating behaviors that are
different than those of the rest of the population.1. A
2. B
D. Some members from a population have developed 3.
population
C
to adapt to different environments. 4. D
Chapter Evolution

Section 3 Formative
Questions

Which evolutionary pattern is

represented by the similarities
between these two organisms
that live on separate continents?
A. coevolution
1. A
B. convergent evolution 2. B
3. C
C. directional evolution 4. D

D. divergent evolution
Chapter Evolution

Chapter Assessment
Questions

Determine which morphological adaptation the

monarch butterfly exhibits.
A. camouflage
B. mimicry
C. embryological adaptation 1. A
D. vestigial structure 2.
3.
B
C
4. D
Chapter Evolution

Chapter Assessment
Questions

The divergent evolution

of these cichlid fish is
an example of what
type of speciation?
A. coevolution
1. A
B. mutation 2. B
3. C
C. adaptive radiation 4. D

D. convergent evolution
Chapter Evolution

Chapter Assessment
Questions

What tempo of evolution

does this model represent?
A. gradual
B. elevated
C. sequential 1. A
2. B
D. punctuated 3. C
4. D
Chapter Evolution

Standardized Test
Practice

Which explains why the tortoises on the different

islands of the Galpagos had slightly different
variations in their shells?
A. The different tortoises were different species.
B. The environment on each island was different.
C. Each type of tortoise could survive only
1. on
A its
own island. 2. B
3. C
D. They arrived on the islands from different
4. D
continents.
Chapter Evolution

Standardized Test
Practice
Which is the best explanation
for the similarities in the
construction of these forelimbs?
A. Each forelimb is a similar
modification derived from a
different ancestor.
B. Natural selection has
produced similar modifications
1. A
in the forelimb. 2. B
C. They are functionally similar 3. C
features that have evolved 4. D
independently.
D. They are modifications of the
forelimbs of a common ancestor.
Chapter Evolution

Standardized Test
Practice

Predators learn to avoid monarch butterflies because

they contain a poison that is distasteful and can cause
the predator to get sick. The viceroy butterfly finds
protection by closely resembling the monarch. What is
this adaptation in the viceroy called?

A. camouflage 1. A
2. B
B. fitness 3. C
4. D
C. mimicry
D. resemblance
Chapter Evolution

Standardized Test
Practice

Why are cheetahs so genetically similar that they

appear inbred?
A. Individuals in the population had mated randomly.
B. Their population had declined to a very low number.
C. A large sample of the population settled in a
separate location.
1. A
D. A mutation appeared and became common 2. B
in
subsequent generations. 3. C
4. D
Chapter Evolution

Standardized Test
Practice

Within a population of squirrels, those that live higher in the

mountains where it is cooler have long fur. Squirrels that live in
the foothills where it is warmer have short fur. The original
population is believed to have had intermediate fur length. Which
graph represents this type of natural selection?
A. B.
1. A
2. B
3. C
C.
Chapter Evolution

Standardized Test
Practice

These cichlid fish are believed

to have diverged from a single
ancestor. What type of
speciation is represented by
this divergence?

A. adaptive radiation 1. A
2. B
B. allopatric speciation 3. C
4. D
C. convergent evolution
D. disruptive coevolution