Semantic Relation and Semantic

Field
By Giyatmi, S.Pd., M.A.
Semantic Relation
There are many semantic relation such as:
1. Homonymy
2. Polysemy
3. Synonymy
4. Antonymy
5. Hyponymy
6. Meronymy
Homonyms
Are unrelated senses of the same phonological word.
Are distinguished into
Homographs : senses of the same written words. (spelling)
Homophones : senses of the same spoken words.
(pronunciation)
Homonyms are classified into different types based on their
syntactic behavior, and spelling.
1. Lexemes of the same syntactic category, and with the same
spelling.
e.g. lap (circuit of a course) and lap ( part of body when
sitting down
Both of them are the same syntactic category (noun)
2. Lexemes of the same category, but with different spelling.
e.g. ring ( encircle) and wring (force out liquid by twisting)
Both are verbs.
3. Lexemes of different category, but with the same spelling.
e.g. keep (verb) and keep (noun)
4. Lexemes of different category, but with the different
spelling.
e.g. not and knot
 Polysemy
Is multiple senses of the same phonological words, but is invoked if the senses are
judge to be related.
Polysemy is different from homonymy.
Polysemy is listed under the same lexical entry while homonymy is listed in different
entry.
Hook (hUk)
1. A piece of material usually metal, curved or bent and used to suspend, catch, hold,
or pull something.
2. Short for fish hook
3. A trap or a snare
4. Something that attract or are intended to be an attraction.
5. Something resembling a hook in design or use.
6. Boxing: a short swinging blow delivered from the side with elbow bent.
7. A sharp bend or angle in a geological formation, a sharply curved spit of land.
8. Cricket : a shot in which the ball is hit square on the leg side with bat held
horizontally.
9. Golf: a shot tht causes the ball to go to the players left.
10. Surfing: the top of a breaking wave.
Well 1 (n)--- sumur
Well 2 (adv)--- dengan baik
Well 3

Hook (1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(2)...............(3)-------------
Headquarter hand....hand of the clock
Headmaster
Headache
Headnews
Head of letter
Head of cabbage
Hooker : a commercial fishing boat using hooks and lines instead of nets.
Hooker : a person or thing that hooks. US and Canadian slangs :a draught of alcoholic
drink, prostitute.
 Synonymy
Is different phonological words which have the same or very
similar meanings.
Synonym may have belonged to different dialect and then becomes
synonym for the speakers familiar with both dialect.
For example : fall, candy (American English) and autumn, sweet (
British English)
Synonym may portray positive and negative attitudes to the
speakers.
For example : famous and notorious. Both mean well known but
famous is well known because of something good while notorious
mean well known because of something bad.
Antonymy
In traditional terminology, antonyms are words which are
opposite in meaning.
Kinds of antonyms
1. Simple Antonyms (Complementary or Binary Pairs)
This is a relation between words such as that the positive of one
implies the negative of the other.
for examples : dead/alive, pass/fail, hit/miss
2. Gradable Antonyms
This is a relationship between opposites where the positive of one
term does not necessarily imply the negative of the other.
The relation is typically associated with adjectives and has two
major identifying characteristics firstly, there are usually
intermediate terms so that between the gradable antonyms.
For example : hot ( warm, tepid, cool ) cold
3. Reverse Antonyms
The characteristics reverse relation is between terms describing
movement, where one term describes movement in one direction,
and the other the same movement in the opposite direction.
For example : push/pull, come/go, ascend/descend, in/out,
fill/empty
4. Converses Antonyms
These are terms which describes a relation between two entities
from alternate viewpoints.
For example : own/belong to, employer/employee, above/below.
5. Taxonomic sisters (a horizontal relationship)
Taxonomies are classification systems; such as color, days, times
(morning, afternoon, evening)
The characteristic of this antonyms is incompatible with each
other
Hyponymy ( a vertical relationship)
Hyponymy is a relation of inclusion. A hyponymy includes the
meaning of a more general word, e.g.
dog and cat are hyponyms of animal
sister and mother are hyponyms of woman
The more general term is called superordinate or hyperonym

Dog Bird Tiger

parrot
dove eagle heron seagull
Meronymy
Meronymy is a term used to describe a part-whole relationship
between lexical items.
To identify : X is part of Y, or Y has X.
For example a wheel and a car are meronymy since a wheel is a
part of a car and a car has a wheel.
Meronymy is different from hyponym in transitivity.
Hyponym is always transitivity but meronymy may or may not be.
For example : a nail as a meronymy of finger and finger of a hand. We
can say that a nail is meronymy of a hand, for we can say that a
hand has a nail. (Transitivity)
Pane is a meronymy of a window and a window of a room. But pane is
not a meronymy of a room, for we cant say a room has a pane.
Semantic Field = Medan semantik
A semantic field is a technical term in the discipline of linguistics
to describe a set of words grouped by meaning referring to a
specific subject.
A semantic field - is a large group of words of different
parts of speech in which the underlying notion is broad
enough to include almost all-embracing sections of
vocabulary. The main feature of a semantic field is its
national specifics.
A semantic field denotes a segment of reality symbolized by a set
of related words. The words in a semantic field share a common
semantic property.
To dice : memotong bentuk dadu
To chop : mencacah
To mince : mencincang
To slice : mengiris (tipis)
To cut ----- size/shape
 To bake to grill
To barbecue/BBQ To boil
To saute To toast
To fry To roast
To steam To broil
To poach To simmer
Menggendong : menggunakan selendang
Menggotong : menggunakan tandu
Membopong : menggunakan dua tangan
Menjinjing : menggunakan satu tangan
Memanggul : menggunakan pundak
Memikul : menggunakan pikulan di letakkan di pundak

Membawa
 The origin of the field theory of semantics is the lexical field
theory introduced by Jost Trier in the 1930s,[10] although
according to John Lyons it has historical roots in the ideas of
Wilhelm von Humboldt and Johann Gottfried Herder.
 Semantic Field of Cry
N Semantic Meaning
o Field of Cry
1 cry to shed tears as the result of a strongly felt
shriek a loud high-pitched piercing cry or sound
yelp to utter a short sharp high-pitched bark or cry, usually of pain.
bellow to shout something in a loud deep voice
holler a loud cry or shout
weep to shed tears, especially as a sign of sorrow for something or somebody. to say
something while crying.
sob to make gasping sounds while crying.
snivel to behave in a whining, tearful, or self-pitying way
whimper to make repeated weak plaintive crying or whining sounds of pain, distress, or
fear
bawl to cry very loudly and energetically (informal)
shed to cause tears or blood to pour out
wail to express pain, grief, or misery in a long mournful high-pitched cry or in words
uttered in a mournful way
roar to utter a loud shout or cry, or utter something with a loud shout or cry