Hand and Power Tool Safety

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Class Objectives
Describe general guidelines for hand and power tool safety.
Describe important hand and power tool basics.
Describe correct steps for proper tool maintenance and handling.
Identify personal protective equipment for using hand and power
tools.
Describe safety procedures for point of operation safety.
Describe general guidelines for proper hand tool safety.
Describe general guidelines for proper electric tool safety.
Describe general guidelines for proper abrasive wheel tool safety.
Describe general guidelines for proper pneumatic tool safety.
Describe general guidelines for proper fuel and hydraulic tool
safety.
Describe ergonomics in relation to tool use.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Just the Facts
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
states that most injuries on construction sites
involve excavation cave-ins, power tool accidents,
falls, electrical hazards, and exposure to potentially
dangerous materials

Working with power tools, you can get an electric

shock, lose a finger, lose an eye, or go deaf. It's
especially dangerous to use a tool that's defective,
that's been modified, or that's not designed for the
job. Of course, you can also get injured if you use
any tool carelessly.
OSHA Office of Training and Education
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 Regulations and Guidelines for
Hand and Power Tools

For General Industry

1910 Subpart P, Hand and Portable Power
Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment.
1910.241, Definitions.
1910.242, Hand and portable powered tools
and equipment, general.
1910.243, Guarding of portable powered tools.
1910.244, Other portable tools and equipment.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 OSHA Publication 3080
Hand and Power Tools (2002 revised)
___________________________________

Great reference that can be saved or printed for your use

http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3080.pdf

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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What the Regulations say about
Hand Tools
Each employer shall be responsible
for the safe condition of tools and
equipment used by employees

This includes tools and equipment

which may be furnished by employees

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What the Regulations say about
Hand Tools
Employers shall not issue or permit the use of
unsafe hand tools

Wrenches, including adjustable, pipe, end, and

socket wrenches shall not be used when jaws are
sprung to the point that slippage occurs

Impact tools, such as drift pins, wedges, and

chisels, shall be kept free of mushroomed heads

The wooden handles of tools shall be kept free of

splinters or cracks and shall be kept tight in the
tool
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 Hazards
Workers using hand
and power tools may
be exposed to these
hazards:

Objects that fall, fly, are abrasive, or splash

Harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases
Frayed or damaged electrical cords, hazardous
connections and improper grounding
Vibration and impact
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 What do you think are the most
common injuries from working with
hand and power tools?
Electric shock
Flash burns
Falling
Hand and Eye injuries
Hearing loss
Crushing, cuts or
losing a body part
Ergonomic injuries
OSHA Office of Training and Education
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 Basic Tool
Safety Rules

Maintain regularly
Inspect before use
Use the right tool for the job
Operate according to manufacturers instructions
Use the right Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Use guarding

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Hand Tool Hazards
Hazards are usually caused by
misuse and improper maintenance

Do not use:
wrenches when jaws are sprung
impact tools (chisels and wedges) Crack
when heads have mushroomed
tools with loose, cracked or
splintered handles
a screwdriver as a chisel
tools with taped handles they
may be hiding cracks

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Cutting and Slicing Tools
(Knives, Box Cutters, Scissors, Razor Blades, etc)

Safety Gloves Protection against accidental cuts and vibration

A Sharp Blade Is Safer When dull, a blade can slip from the object
being cut and cause a serious injury.

Cut Downward Always away from your hand.

Put It Back Never leave a cutting tool lying on a table, chair, sink or
desk. There are only three places that a cutting tool should ever be
1) in use,
2) stored safely in a drawer, tool box, in a knife rack, or,
3) in the dishwasher (blade down, handle up)

Never put knives in a sink full of soapy or

dirty water. Someone could reach into the
water and severelyOSHA
cut Office
their hand.
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Cutting and Slicing Tools

Let It Go! Never attempt to catch a

dropped knife or other cutting tool let it fall.

Wipe Away From The Sharp Edge if you need to

wipe or clean material off the blade, always wipe away
from the sharp edge.

Never Touch The Sharp Edge Always use a piece of

paper to test the sharpness of a knife
NEVER use your fingers!

Never use a knife as a substitute for other tools such

as a screwdriver or bottle opener.
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OSHA Office of Training and Education
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Hand Tools - Protection
Keep floor surface where working
free from debris and tripping or
slipping hazards

Keep cutting tools sharp

Use tools as they were intended to be

used

Use Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE), such as safety glasses and
gloves

PPE determined by Job Hazard

Analysis (JHA)

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 Examples of PPE
Body Part Protection
Eye safety glasses, goggles
Face face shields
Head hard hats
Feet safety shoes
Hands and arms gloves
Bodies vests
Hearing earplugs, earmuffs

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OSHA Office of Training and Education 9 16
 Does PPE Help?
A trash bag that held a turpentine
container ruptured. Without warning, the
can exploded and the mixture of paint
thinner and paint sprayed all over Phil's
face, head, and upper body. The force of
the explosion knocked him to the
ground.

While applying siding with an air powered

staple gun, the son fired a staple, hitting a
metal plate behind the siding. It ricocheted back
towards his face and one leg of the staple
penetrated the safety
glasses' lens. The staple
hit with such force that
the frames were cracked
and the son received
OSHA Office of Training and Education bruising on the eyebrow
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and cheekbone.
 PPE Standards
Various OSHA standards list specific requirements
for various types/levels of PPE

Logging Standards
Electrical Standards
Hazardous Noise Standards
Respiratory Protection Standards
Chemical-Specific Standards

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Personal Protective Equipment
Responsibilities
Employer
Assess workplace for hazards
Provide PPE
Determine when to use
Provide PPE training for employees and
instruction in proper use
Employee
Use PPE in accordance with training
received and other instructions
Inspect daily and maintain in a clean and
reliable condition
OSHA Office of Training and Education 8
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 Power Tools
Must be fitted with guards and safety switches

Extremely hazardous when

used improperly

Different types, determined

by their power source:

Electric
Pneumatic
Liquid fuel
Hydraulic
Powder-actuated

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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General Safety Guidelines for
Power Tools
Be aware of all power lines and electrical circuits,
water pipes, and other mechanical hazards in
your work area, particularly those below the work
surface, hidden from the operator's view, that
may be contacted.

Wear proper apparel. Do not wear loose clothing,

dangling objects or jewelry. Long hair must be
restrained. Gloves should not be worn when
operating certain power tools. Check appropriate
tool manuals.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Spark Resistant Tools
Around flammable substances, sparks produced
by iron and steel hand tools can be a dangerous
ignition source. Where this hazard exists, spark-
resistant tools made from brass, plastic,
aluminum, or wood will provide for safety.

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"Non-sparking", "spark-resistant" or "spark-proof
tools are names given to tools made of metals such
as brass, bronze, Monel metal (copper-nickel alloy),
copper-aluminum alloys (aluminum bronze),
copper-beryllium alloys (beryllium bronze), and
titanium.
Preferred "non-sparking" metals have less tensile
strength than steels usually used to make tools.
A lower tensile strength means the metal has less
strength or resistance to tearing apart when
stretched under test conditions.
It also means that these tools are softer, wear down
more quickly than ordinary steel tools, and have
to be dressed more frequently.
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 Most Dangerous
Powered Hand Tool?
HINTS
1. Operating temperature can reach 900 degrees F.

2. Parts can move up to 68 miles an hour

3. At full speed, > 600 teeth pass at a given
point per second
4. One in 5 injuries are from kickback.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Switches
Hand-held power tools must be
equipped with one of the following:

Constant pressure switch

shuts off power upon release
Examples: circular saw, chain saw,
grinder, hand-held power drill

On-Off Switch
Examples: routers, planers,
laminate trimmers, shears, jig
saws, nibblers, scroll saws

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Power Tools - Precautions
Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing and
cleaning, and when changing accessories

Keep people not involved with the work away

from the work

Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both

hands to operate the tool

Dont hold the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool

Keep tools sharp and clean

Remove damaged electric tools & tag them: Do Not Use

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Power Tools Precautions
Electric Cords
Dont carry portable tools
by the cord

Dont use electric cords to

hoist or lower tools

Dont yank cord or hose to

disconnect it

Keep cords and hoses

away from heat, oil, and
sharp edges

Replace damaged cords

immediately!

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Would you use this extension cord?

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 Electric Power Tools
To protect a worker from shock, these tools must:
have a 3-wire cord plugged into a grounded receptacle
be double insulated, or
be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer

Double
insulated
markings
Plug with a
grounding
pin

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Electric Tools Good Practices
Operate within design limits

Use gloves and safety shoes

Store in a dry place

Dont use in wet locations unless

approved for that (use GFCI)

Keep work areas well lit

Ensure cords dont present a tripping hazard

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 Good
Practice?

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Cordless Tools Need Love Too

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 Abrasive Wheels and Tools

May throw off flying fragments

Equip with guards that:

Cover the spindle end, nut, &

flange projections
Maintain proper alignment with
the wheel
Dont exceed the strength of the fastenings

Guard so that a minimal amount of the wheel

is exposed OSHA Office of Training and Education
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 Inspecting Abrasive Wheels
Before mounting:
inspect closely for damage
perform sound- or ring-test
to ensure free from cracks
and defects

To test:
tap wheel gently with a light,
non-metallic instrument
if wheel sounds cracked or
dead, do not use it because
it could fly apart
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 Abrasive Wheel Use
To prevent cracking:
Fit the wheel freely on the spindle
Tighten the spindle nut enough to
hold the wheel in place without
distorting the flange
Let the tool come up to speed
prior to grinding or cutting
Dont stand in front of the wheel
as it comes up to full speed Ensure the spindle
Use eye and/or face protection speed doesnt exceed
the maximum speed
marked on the wheel

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Abrasive Wheel Work Rests
Keep work rests not
more than 1/8th inch
from wheel surface

This prevents jamming

the work between the
wheel and the rest, which
may cause the wheel to
break

Dont adjust wheel while

its rotating

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 Guarding
Guard exposed moving
parts of power tools

Guard belts, gears,

shafts, pulleys,
sprockets, spindles,
flywheels, chains, or
other moving parts

Never remove a guard

when a tool is in use

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Guarding - Point of Operation

This shows a
radial arm
saw equipped
with proper
point of
operation
guards

The point of operation is where the work is actually

performed on the materials it must be guarded
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Guarding Protection

Nip Point

Machine guards must protect

the operator and others from:
Point of operation
In-running nip points
Rotating parts
Flying chips and sparks
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 Radial Saw Guarding

Radial arm saw

equipped with an
upper and lower
blade guard

Guard to prevent the operator from coming

in contact the the rotating blade
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Guarding Portable Circular Saws

Guard these saws above and below the base plate or shoe.
The lower guard must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth.

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 Table Saw Guarding

Hood guard

Use a hood for guarding

AvoidOSHA
This.
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 Pneumatic Tools
Powered by compressed air

Includes nailers, staplers,

chippers, drills & sanders

Main hazard - getting hit by Nail Gun -

a tool attachment or by a
fastener the worker is using Cut-Away View
with the tool

Take the same precautions

with an air hose that you
take with electric cords

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 Pneumatic Tools - Fastening

Ensure tool is fastened

securely to the air hose to
prevent a disconnection

Use a short wire or

positive locking device
attaching the air hose to
the tool Wire used to secure hose

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Pneumatic Tool Connections
Unacceptable
Hose
clamp

Acceptable

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 Pneumatic Tool Safety
Place a safety device on the
muzzle to prevent the tool
from ejecting fasteners,
unless the muzzle is in
contact with work surface

Install a safety clip or

retainer to prevent
attachments, such as
chisels on a chipping
hammer, from being ejected
Muzzle in contact
Wear eye protection. Wear with work surface
hearing protection with
jackhammers.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Compressed Air Cleaning
Dont use compressed air for cleaning

Exception - where reduced to less than 30

p.s.i. with effective chip guarding and PPE
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 Outdoor Yard Tools
Read and Heed owners manual
Guards in place
Turn off to perform maintenance
or free jams/debris
Wear PPE
Proper plug in or fueling procedures

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Liquid Fuel Tools
Usually gas powered

Main hazard fuel vapors

Carbon Monoxide Hazards

Use only approved flammable

liquid containers

Before refilling a fuel-powered

tool tank, shut down the engine
and allow it to cool

Refuel at least 10 feet from combustible

materials
OSHA Office of Training and Education
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 Powder-Actuated Tools
User must be trained and
licensed to operate

Test tool each day before

loading to ensure the safety
devices are working properly

Wear suitable ear, eye, and

face protection

Select a powder level that will

do the work without
excessive force

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Fatal Fact

Employee killed when

struck in head by a nail
fired from a powder
actuated tool.

Tool operator was

attempting to anchor a
plywood form in
preparation for pouring
a concrete wall

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Easily Penetrated Material
Avoid driving into materials easily penetrated unless
materials are backed by a substance that will prevent the
pin or fastener from passing through

Also, dont drive fasteners into very hard or brittle material

that might chip or splatter, or make the fasteners ricochet
OSHA Office of Training and Education
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Powder-Actuated Tool Safety Tips
Dont use in explosive or flammable atmosphere
Inspect tool before use to ensure:
it is clean,
that moving parts operate freely
the barrel is free from obstructions and has
the proper shield, guard, and attachments
Dont load the tool unless using immediately
Dont leave a loaded tool unattended
Keep hands clear of the barrel end
Never point the tool at anyone
Store unloaded in a locked box

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Powder-Actuated Tool Safety

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 Jacks
To set up a jack, ensure:

The base is on a firm, level surface

Its centered
The jack head is placed against
a level surface
You apply the lift force evenly

Lubricate and inspect jacks regularly

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Jacks - Capacity

The manufacturer's
rated capacity must
be marked on all
jacks and must not
be exceeded

All jacks must have a

stop indicator (for
over-travel) that is
not exceeded

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Jacks - Blocking
Immediately block the load
after it is lifted. Put a block
under the base of the jack
when the foundation is not
firm, and place a block
between the jack cap and
load if the cap might slip.

Photo - handyman jack is

provided a firm base by
using the railroad tie.
The load is cribbed to
prevent it from falling.

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 Reporting Accidents/Injuries
First priority is to receive prompt medical
attention (call 911)

Report all work-related accidents, injuries

or illnesses to your supervisor
Regardless of severity

Paperwork to be filled out

Incident Report
Workers Compensation
Hospitalization must be reported immediately to
EHS&RM and no later than 8 hours from time of accident
OSHA Office of Training and Education
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 Summary
Hazards are usually the result of improper tool use or
not following one or more of these protection
techniques:
Inspecting the tool before use
Read Tool Owners Manual prior to use
Using PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
Using guards
Properly storing and maintaining the tool
Keep the workplace neat and free of clutter
Using safe handling techniques

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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