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    Chapter 9

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    germa01g
    WMANs provide wireless connectivity across large areas like cities without expensive cable infrastructure. They use technologies like free space optics, local multipoint distribution service, multichannel multipoint distribution service, and 802.16 (WiMAX) to transmit broadband wireless signals for last mile connections and extend networks throughout metropolitan regions.

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    Chapter 9

    Uploaded by

    germa01g
    90 views21 pages
    WMANs provide wireless connectivity across large areas like cities without expensive cable infrastructure. They use technologies like free space optics, local multipoint distribution service, multichannel multipoint distribution service, and 802.16 (WiMAX) to transmit broadband wireless signals for last mile connections and extend networks throughout metropolitan regions.

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    WMANs provide wireless connectivity across large areas like cities without expensive cable infrastructure. They use technologies like free space optics, local multipoint distribution service, multichannel multipoint distribution service, and 802.16 (WiMAX) to transmit broadband wireless signals for last mile connections and extend networks throughout metropolitan regions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    90 views21 pages

    Chapter 9

    Uploaded by

    germa01g
    WMANs provide wireless connectivity across large areas like cities without expensive cable infrastructure. They use technologies like free space optics, local multipoint distribution service, multichannel multipoint distribution service, and 802.16 (WiMAX) to transmit broadband wireless signals for last mile connections and extend networks throughout metropolitan regions.

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    c 

    
    

    c   
     
    
    
    Objectives

    ‡ Explain why wireless metropolitan area networks


    (WMANs) are needed
    ‡ Describe the components and modes of operation of
    a WMAN
    ‡ List the range of WMAN technologies, including
    FSO, LMDS, MMDS, and 802.16 (WiMAX)

    2
    What is a WMAN?
    ‡ Wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs)
    ± Provide wireless connectivity across a substantial
    geographical area such as a large city
    ‡ WMANs primary goals
    ± Extend wired networks beyond a single location
    ‡ Without the expense of high-speed cable-based
    connections
    ± Extend user mobility throughout a metropolitan area
    ± Provide high-speed connections to areas not serviced
    by any other method of connectivity

    '
    Last Mile Wired Connections

    ‡ Last mile connection


    ± Link between a customer and ISP
    ± Most last mile connections use copper wiring
    ‡ Copper-based digital communications lines
    ± Require the signal to be regenerated every 6,000 feet
    ‡ Last mile delivery of telephone and data lines has
    long been a problem for the carrier
    ± Must be able to justify the cost of installing wired
    connections to remote areas

    ]
    Last Mile Wired Connections
    (continued)

    Ë
    Last Mile Wired Connections
    (continued)

    6
    Last Mile Wireless Connections

    ‡ Microwaves are higher frequency RF waves


    ± In the ' to '0 GHz range of the electromagnetic
    spectrum known as super high frequency (SHF) band
    ‡ Microwave towers are installed roughly 'Ë miles (Ë6
    kilometers) apart from each other
    ‡ Fixed wireless
    ± Wireless as the last mile connection for buildings
    ‡ Backhaul connection
    ± Company¶s internal infrastructure connection

    
    Free Space Optics

    ‡ Free space optics (FSO)


    ± Optical, wireless, point-to-point, line-
    of-sight broadband technology
    ± Excellent alternative to high-speed
    fiber-optic cable
    ± Can transmit up to 1.2Ë Gbps at a
    distance of ] miles (6.] kilometers)
    in full-duplex mode
    ± Uses infrared (IR) transmission
    instead of RF
    ‡ Transmissions are sent by low-
    powered invisible infrared beams
    through the open air
    ± FSO is a line-of-sight technology
    8
    Free Space Optics (continued)

    ‡ Advantages of FSO
    ± Cost
    ± Speed of installation
    ± Transmission rate
    ± Security
    ‡ Disadvantages of FSO
    ± Atmospheric conditions impact FSO transmissions
    ± Scintillation
    ‡ Temporal and spatial variations in light intensity caused
    by atmospheric turbulence
    •
    Free Space Optics (continued)

    ‡ Disadvantages of FSO (continued)


    ± FSO overcomes scintillation by sending the data in
    parallel streams (spatial diversity)
    ‡ From several separate laser transmitters
    ± Dealing with fog
    ‡ Increase the transmit power of the signal
    ± Signal interference
    ± Tall buildings or towers can sway due to wind or
    seismic activity
    ‡ Affecting the aim of the beam
    10
    Local Multipoint Distribution Service
    (LMDS)
    ‡ Local multipoint distribution service (LMDS)
    ± Fixed broadband technology that can provide a wide
    variety of wireless services
    ‡ High-speed Internet access
    ‡ Real-time multimedia file transfer
    ‡ Remote access to local area networks
    ‡ Interactive video, video-on-demand, video conferencing
    ‡ Telephone service
    ± Can transmit from Ë1 to 1ËË Mbps downstream and
    1.Ë] Mbps upstream
    ‡ Over a distance of up to about Ë miles (8 kilometers)
    11
    Local Multipoint Distribution Service
    (LMDS) (continued)

    12
    Local Multipoint Distribution Service
    (LMDS) (continued)
    ‡ Frequency
    ± Based on high frequency, low-powered signals over
    short distances
    ± LMDS used the following ranges of frequencies
    ‡ 2.Ë MHz and 28.'Ë MHz
    ‡ 2•.1 MHz and 2•.2Ë MHz
    ‡ '0 GHz, '1.0Ë GHz, and '1.22Ë GHz
    ‡ Architecture
    ± Cells (like a cellular telephone system)
    ± LMDS is a fixed wireless technology for buildings
    1'
    Multichannel Multipoint Distribution
    Service (MMDS)
    ‡ Multichannel multipoint distribution service (MMDS)
    ± Fixed broadband wireless technology similar to LMDS
    ± Can transmit video, voice, or data signals at 1.Ë to 2
    Mbps downstream and '20 Kbps upstream
    ‡ At distances of up to 'Ë miles (Ë6 kilometers)
    ± MMDS is sometimes called wireless cable
    ‡ Can broadcast '00 channels
    ± Internet access using MMDS is an alternative to cable
    modems and DSL service

    1]
    Multichannel Multipoint Distribution
    Service (MMDS) (continued)
    ‡ Layout
    ± MMDS hub is typically located on a high point
    ‡ Uses a point-to-multipoint architecture that multiplexes
    communications to multiple users
    ± Tower has a backhaul connection to carrier¶s network
    ‡ Carrier network connects with the Internet
    ± MMDS signals can travel longer distances
    ‡ Provide service to an entire area with only a few radio
    transmitters
    ± MMDS cell size can have a radius of up to 'Ë miles
    (Ë6 kilometers)
    1Ë
    Multichannel Multipoint Distribution
    Service (MMDS) (continued)

    16
    Multichannel Multipoint Distribution
    Service (MMDS) (continued)
    ‡ Advantages of MMDS
    ± Signal strength
    ± Cell size
    ± Cost
    ‡ Disadvantages of MMDS
    ± Physical limitations
    ± Frequency sharing
    ± Security
    ± Availability of the technology

    1
    IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)
    ‡ Standard for wireless broadband metropolitan area
    networks
    ‡ 802.16 supports enhancements and extensions to
    the MAC protocols
    ± Base station (BS) can communicate with another BS
    ‡ And also directly with subscriber stations (SS)
    ‡ WiMAX Forum
    ± Promotes the implementation of 802.16 by testing
    and certifying equipment
    ‡ WiMAX stands for worldwide interoperability for
    microwave access
    18
    WiMAX Applications
    ‡ Applications
    ± Suitable for backhaul applications for business
    ± Last mile delivery applications
    ± Supports simultaneous voice, video, and data
    transmission
    ± Suitable for voice-over-IP (VoIP) connections
    ± Enables vendors to create customer premises
    equipment (CPE)
    ± Can also be deployed as a point-to-point network
    ‡ Provide broadband access to rural and remote areas

    1•
    WiMAX Applications (continued)

    ‡ Applications (continued)
    ± WiMAX CPE devices will support TV (video),
    telephone (voice), and data on the same network
    ‡ WiMAX MAC layer makes it easy for carriers to
    deploy the network
    ‡ Range of a WiMAX network is measured in miles
    ‡ Cellular phone operators can easily incorporate
    WiMAX networks

    20
    Summary
    ‡ WMANs are a group of technologies
    ± Provide wireless connectivity throughout an area such
    as a city without cable infrastructure
    ‡ Last mile wired connections are the link between the
    customer¶s premises and an ISP
    ‡ Transmission techniques
    ± Broadband and baseband
    ‡ Land-based fixed broadband wireless techniques
    ± Free space optics (FSO)
    ± Local multipoint distribution service (LMDS)
    ± Multichannel multipoint distribution service (MMDS)

    21

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